Ngemva kokubhala nokudlala ihlelo likamabonakude lehlelo lama-90s elithi The Mary Whitehouse Experience, uRobert Newman, kanye noDavid Baddiel, waba umlingisi wokuqala wamahlaya ukudlala i-Wembley Arena ngo-1993. imibukiso yokuma, amanoveli, izifundo zasenyuvesi kanye nohlelo lukamabonakude Umlando Womhlaba Uhlehla.
Njengoba esanda kushicilela inoveli yakhe yesine ethi Imfihlo Yezohwebo, uNewman njengamanje uhambela uhlelo lwakhe olusha, iNew Theory of Evolution kaRobert Newman, ayichaze engxoxweni edlule ngokuthi โuhlobo lwe-anti-Dawkins polemicโ. U-Newman ukhulume no-Ian Sinclair mayelana nohlelo, ukuma kanye ne-BBC Question Time.
Ithini i-thesis emaphakathi yohlelo lwakho olusha?
Inja edla inja inguqulo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo manje obusa inkulumo ibe nomthelela omubi ekuziphatheni, endleleni esizibona ngayo, indlela esiyibona ngayo indawo yethu emvelweni. Kusinikeze lokho engikubiza ngokuthi i-Anthropophobia, ukwesaba ubuntu bethu.
Ngiphikisa ngokuthi i-Cardboard Darwinism ka-Richard Dawkins iphikisana kakhulu nemibono emaphakathi ka-Charles Darwin njengalowo wokuthi sizalwa kanjani 'nokuthambekela komphakathi'. UDawkins uyakuphika lokhu lapho ebhala: "Sizalwa sinobugovu". Le mfundiso ayiveli kuDarwin kodwa emfundisweni eyinhloko ye-Protestant Reformation Sin Original Sin.
Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-double helical downward spiral ye-Biological Determinism kanye nenganekwane yemakethe yamahhala ebidlangile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX isanda kuphahlazeka futhi yasha. Enye ingenxa yokuphahlazeka kwamabhange kanti enye ingenxa yesayensi yakamuva. Lokhu kusivumela indawo evulekile yokucabanga amanye amakusasa asekelwe esithombeni esiyiqiniso sokuthi singobani nokuthi siyini ngempela.
Njengoba uveza ohlelweni lukaRichard Dawkins Selfish Gene, umbhalo omaphakathi we I-Biological Determinism futhi I-Psychology Yokuziphendukela Kwemvelo, yanyatheliswa ngo-1976 - phakathi nokuhlehla kwesokudla ngokumelene nezinxushunxushu zomphakathi nezombusazwe eminyakeni yamashumi ayisithupha. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ohulumeni be-right-wing, neo-liberal Thatcher kanye no-Reagan bathatha izintambo e-UK nase-US, ngokulandelana. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu kunyakaza okubili komlando?
Hhayi-ke, akwenzeki ngengozi ukuthi Ayikho Into Enje Njengomphakathi eza ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Selfish Gene e-UK futhi EO Wilson's Sociobiology e-USA. Angicabangi ukuthi lezi zinto ziwukubuyela emuva eminyakeni yamashumi ayisithupha kangangokuthi ukuhlehla umoya ka-'45 kanye nokulingana okungakaze kubonwe emlandweni kanye nokuhamba komphakathi.
I-Evolutionary Psychology ibonakala inethonya elinamandla ikakhulukazi engxoxweni ephathelene nepolitiki yobulili. Ithini ngobulili futhi uziphikisa kanjani lezi zimpikiswano?
Embukisweni ngithi uMthetho Wokucwasa Ngocansi wango-1975 uveze ukusabela kodokotela bezilwane zabesilisa, izazi zesayensi yezenhlalo yabantu kanye nezazi zebhayoloji ebezifuna ukufakazela ukuthi izindima zobulili ekunakekelweni kwezingane zinqunywa ngokwebhayoloji. Lezi zingxabano zaphikiswa kakhulu yizazi zezilwane zabesifazane okwathi ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-XNUMX zangena emahlathini aseCongo futhi zathola ukuthi, amasosha ezimfene awahlelwanga eduze kwama-alpha abesilisa abavelele kodwa izixhumanisi zezihlobo zesifazane. Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane kusukela kwashicilelwa i-Selfish Gene e-UK kanye ne-EO Wilson's Sociobiology e-US ayizange ibe nomusa ekunqumeni kofuzo, noma emcabangweni wokuthi i-DNA ikusasa.
Kusukela Izakhi zofuzo zikaBarbara McClintock kuya Amagundane e-epigenetic kaMichael Meaney, kusukela ekutholakaleni kwamaprotheni abhalwe okuhlanekezelwe kuya ongoti bebhayoloji yamangqamuzana bemile bezotshela u-Dawkins ukuthi ama-molecule awanawo ama-psychology, ingasaphathwa eyokusebenza ewodwa, kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuthandwa kwakhe okuphezulu kuhambisana nokubuyekezwa kontanga kwakho konke ayekuthanda kakhulu.
UPeter Kropotkin nencwadi yakhe I-Mutual Aid: Isici Sokuziphendukela Kwemvelo iza embukisweni wakho. Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza ukuthi wayengubani u-Kropotkin nokubaluleka kwe-Mutual Aid?
Wazalelwa iNkosana uPeter Kropotkin, kodwa walahla isihloko sakhe nempilo eyayihambisana nayo. Ungumcabango oholayo we-anarchist. Wayengusosayensi wemvelo owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke futhi ngeminyaka yawo-1870 wayeyingxenye yenhlangano eyimfihlo eyayizimisele ukuketula i-Tsar, aboshwa ngayo ejele laseSt Petersburg. Wenza lokho okwaba ngenye yezindlela zokubalekela ezidume kakhulu eYurophu. Uthole ukukhoseliswa e-UK kodwa wabe esebuyela eZwenikazi. Ubhale i-Mutual Aid ephendula i- I-Darwinism yomphakathi ka-TH Huxley nabanye. Ku-Mutual Aid u-Kropotkin uthi iMvelo iphuma endleleni yayo ukuze igweme ukuncintisana, futhi yenza lokhu kube kuhle futhi, ngicabanga, ukuphikisana okuyiqiniso: "lapho isintu senza inqubekelaphambili kuvame ukuthi kungenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukugula, ukugula okungalapheki nababuthaka kanye nalabo okuthiwa abantu abaphansi". Ngo-1916 wathi uma amaBolshevik eqala ukubusa kuyoba ukuphela kwenguquko.
Kuyacaca ukuthi wenze ucwaningo olukhulu ngalo mdlalo. Uma othile efuna ukuhlola isihloko ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi yimiphi imibhalo ongancoma ukuthi ayifunde?
Well, pretty much any UStephen Jay Gould iqoqo lendaba, I-Urchin In the Storm, yithi. Lena indawo ka-Mary Midgley I-Solitary Self - i-Darwin kanye ne-Selfish Gene. Kunokulandwa kwamahhala okuhle kwama-I-Tunes okufana nekaSimon Blackburn ethi, Kufanele Sicabange Kanjani Ngemvelo Yomuntu.
Ubhale amanoveli, izindatshana zephephandaba, ezibhaliwe futhi waba nenkanyezi ochungechungeni lwakho lwethelevishini futhi wafundisa emanyuvesi. Kungani ukhetha ukumela lesi sihloko? Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa yifomu?
Ukusukuma kuwuhlobo lwentando yeningi kakhulu. Awukwazi ukubalekela ngaphandle kwe-jargon ekumeni. Sonke sithanda ukucasha nge-jargon yebo, kodwa uma usukuma awukwazi ngakho-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ucace ngempela ukuthi uqonde ukuthini ngempela. Lokhu kungamangaza umbhali kanye nezilaleli.
Ku-albhamu yakho yango-2005 I-Apocalypso Manje Noma Ukusuka ku-P45 ukuya ku-AK47, Ungawukhulisa Kanjani Umnotho Ngokusetshenziswa Kwempi uchaza ukuthi unqabile isimemo sokuvela ku-BBC Question Time ngoba โiwuchungechunge oluncane oluncane lokulalela izimfundiso futhi uma uphumela ngaphandle abangeke bakuzwe โ ufana ne-anarchist nutter ekhoneni. โ Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, ingabe Isikhathi Sombuzo we-BBC noma umbiko wezindaba we-BBC uthuthukile?
Kunevesi engomeni (Born To Rewild) engiqeda ngalo uhlelo oluthi:
Babeka umhlaba emalungelweni
Ngesikhathi Semibuzo kusihlwa
UDimbleby uzoba ngusihlalo,
Kukhethwe ngokungahleliwe
Iphaneli yosozigidi.
Ngicabanga ukuthi sithola umbono ogcwele wosozigidi ngalowo mbukiso, ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokulinganisela, kuphonswe usozigidigidi! Kungcono usitshele ukuthi onesi/izicishamlilo/abasebenzi baseposini banomhobholo kangakanani ngokufuna impesheni yokuziphilisa.
I-Trade Secret ishicilelwe ngabakwaCargo, ngentengo engu-ยฃ14.99. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngoRobert Newman nohlelo lwakhe olusha lukaRobert Newman lweTheory of Evolution bheka http://www.robnewman.com/.
U-Ian Sinclair ungumbhali ozimele ozinze eLondon kanye nombhali we UMashi Owanyakazisa u-Blair: Umlando Oxoxwayo wangomhla ziyi-15 kuNhlolanja wezi-2003, enyatheliswa yi-Peace News Press. Angathintwa ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe] futhi https://twitter.com/IanJSinclair.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela