Ukwephulwa kwezithembiso eBhange Lomhlaba, Ingxenye 1: Ngaphambili
Leyo nyanga yakhe yokuzalwa engama-66, uMashi 2012, yayinhle ngokwengeza izinongo empilweni yakhe ebuhlungu, kodwa cha, ngeke ihlale. Wazalwa ngo-March 1946 eceleni kwewele lakhe elibi, i-IMF, e-Savannah Georgia, ngemva kokukhulelwa endaweni okufanele ngabe kwakuyihhotela elibi laseNew Hampshire ('Bretton Woods') maphakathi no-1944, igeezer endala eyaziwa ngokuthi i-International Bank for Reconstruction. kanye neNtuthuko, noma okungcono kakhulu ngesiteketiso sakhe seWorld Bank (kodwa ake ngisebenzise i-WB), kufanele ngempela ngicabangele ukuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Akumele ube umuntu othanda iminyaka (kulungile kanye nje), kodwa noma kunjalo, kusesobala ukuthi umbono we-WB ongapheli we-WashCon ungowekhulunyaka lokugcina, udelelekile ngenxa yokuncibilika kwezimali kwakamuva emhlabeni, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla. Omongameli bakhe bakhombise isimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu se-yankee imperialist. Futhi masingaqali ngisho kubafana namantombazane ashibhile e-IMF, okuthe eminyakeni yamuva nje bathuthe imfundiso yabo ye-austerity isuka eNyakatho Afrika yaya eNingizimu ne-Europe kanye nase-Ireland yangakithi, yahlangabezana nokuphikiswa okukhulayo endleleni.
Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi esisodwa ngo-1997-98 lapho, ngokusobala enkingeni yempilo yaphakathi nendawo futhi ephazamiseka kancane ngenxa yokuchitheka kwabangane bakhe base-East Asia, i-WB yathuthukisa umgogodla wokuziphatha kanye nokuba nengqondo - okwafakazelwa ngusomnotho wakhe omkhulu uJoseph Stiglitz inkulumo exegayo ye-Post- entsha IWashington Consensus โ udeveli osehlombe lesandla sokudla le-WB (ogama lakhe linguLarry Summers) watshela owayengumongameli wakhe uJames Wolfensohn ukuthi akhiphe iStiglitz, ngoSepthemba 1999, uma uWolfensohn efuna ukuzungeza i-WB eminye iminyaka emihlanu. Umyalo unikezwe, futhi ngokushesha wabulawa.
Ngakho-ke ingxoxo entsha, ephuphile kancane ye-Post-WashCon ayizange iphinde izwakale eBhange lekhulu lama-21. Yize njalo ngoDisemba kusukela ngo-2009, umongameli wamanje uRobert Zoellick uzame ukwenza i-WB ngesikhathi sezingqungquthela zesimo sezulu se-UN njenge-Green Bank (hah) (http://www.counterpunch.org/2010/03/19/what-will-robert-zoellick-break-next/), isikhungo sesishintshile saba yibhizinisi elibhuqabhuqayo, elivame ukuthukuthela, futhi elinokuwohloka unaphakade.
I-Alzheimers iqala lapho ungqongqoshe Wezwe Lesithathu ephaketheni lenkampani yezamandla e-US noma yaseYurophu eza engqongqoza ezocela indawo yokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle, njengoba i-WB ikhohlwa ngokushesha i-greenwash: โkodwa-ke, akukho zingqinamba esizaziyo zesimo sezulu!โ (ukuhumusha: Ngizofa maduze). Noma uma abasebenzi be-WB besebenzisana ne-IMF ongqongqoshe bezezimali eNyakatho ne-Afrika, befuna ukubuyisela imali yabo engcolile - kodwa benza sengathi abakaze bezwe ngo-Ben Ali, uMubarak kanye noGadaffi abangabangane babo abalahlekile noma abagulayo noma abashonile. (http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/73932) (Ubuholi be-IMF eWashington naseCairo - ikakhulukazi, u-John Lipsky kanye no-Ratna Sahay - bebelokhu bebhuquza ngendlela engaqondakali 'ngobulungiswa benhlalo,' bafisa kakhulu ukuthengisa izikweletu ezintsha ukuze ojenene abanonya baseGibhithe bakhokhele endala.) (http://links.org.au/node/2546)
Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuphakamisa ukuphuma okuhle emnothweni womhlaba osakhutshazwe udlame lwakamuva lwenkululeko yezezimali olugqugquzelwe yi-WB, umqaphi wakhe osempumalanga e-White House Oval Office unikeze indoda endala i-Viagra, ngokuqokela i-WB. umongameli oneminyaka engu-52 ubudala (ongumncane kunabo bonke), indoda ngokungangabazeki eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngokudlwengula okunesitayela nokudansa nezingane ezinethalente lasekolishi laseDartmouth. (http://www.businessinsider.com/video-obamas-nominee-for-the-world-bank-is-a-rapping-space-man-2012-3)
Kungenzeka ukuthi umholi omusha we-WB (ngoba ngempela, ama-yankee kuphela adinga ukusetshenziswa), umongameli we-Dartmouth uJim Yong Kim, uzoba buhlungu, kulula ukubikezela - futhi izingane sezivele zisifundisa lokho uma nje sizihlupha ngokuzizwa.
Omunye umfundi osesikhundleni esiphakeme, uDennis Zeveloff, wabhala ephephandabeni i-Dartmouth ukuthi abaphathi bakaKim benqaba โukuxhumana nabafundi, ukuthuthukisa ukweluleka noma ukudala isimo semfundo eyengeziwe.โ (http://thedartmouth.com/2012/03/29/opinion/voces) Labo abanethemba le-WB ehlukile kanye nokufinyelela okuqhubekayo kwemiphakathi yomphakathi noKim njengomongameli, lalela.
UMax Yoeli, umongameli wenhlangano yabafundi wango-2012, wabhala emakhasini afanayo ukuthi uKim uhlushwa โukuzinikela okuphawulekayo ezithombeni phezu kwethonya, ukunganaki imibono yabafundi kanye nobugovu ekugcwaliseni kwakhe umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.โ โKwakungabibikho obala ngendlela emangalisayoโ; โwayebulahla njalo ubuholiโ; kanye โnefa eliphukile nelidumazayoโ likaKim lizokhunjulwa โngokuntula kwakhe ngokuphelele ubuhlobo nomphakathi kanye nesikhathi esifushane sobumongameli eKolishi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.โ (http://thedartmouth.com/2012/03/29/opinion/yoeli)
Njengoba umfundi oshaya impempe u-Andrew Lohse ekhononda esihlokweni seThe Dartmouth okwakufanele u-Obama asifunde, ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuqokwa kweKim's Bank, โisiko elihlelekile lokuhlukumeza likhona ngaphansi kukamongameli wasekolishi onamandla namava okushintsha lokho okungase kube khona kuphela. ingachazwa njengenhlekelele yezempilo yomphakathi ebaluleke kakhulu: isiko elivamile lokuxhashazwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo okusenhliziyweni yomphakathi [wobuzalwane] baseGreece kaDartmouth.โ (http://thedartmouth.com/2012/01/25/opinion/lohse)
Izinsolo eziyinhloko zikaLohse, zaqinisekiswa ophenyweni lukamagazini iRolling Stone (http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/confessions-of-an-ivy-league-frat-boy-inside-dartmouths-hazing-abuses-20120328#ixzz1rERvlM7L) ngenyanga edlule (okulandela lapho u-Lohse aklonyeliswa khona ngokushushiswa kweKholeji okuyiphutha, okwabe sekuhoxiswa), ukuthi indoda yase-Dartmouth ifundiswa ukuziphatha kwesigaba esibusayo ngesikhathi sokuhlukumeza kwabafundi.
UMichael Bronski, uprofesa wezifundo zabesifazane nobulili, ukuqinisekisile ku-Rolling Stone ukuthi amalungu e-Dartmouth's Animal House โavikelekile ukuthi anekusasa eliqhakazile, futhi akanandaba nje. Empeleni ngibona isiko njengenjwayelo ekuhayeni. Kunezinga lobudlova enhliziyweni yalo elingeke lamukeleke nhlobo kwenye indawo, kodwa lapha, yindlela nje izinto eziyiyo.โ
Ku-frat kaLohse uqobo, ababuthiwe bonyaka wokuqala, njengoba afakaza, baphoqeleka ukuba โbabhukude echibini lezinyane eligcwele amahlanzo, umchamo, indle, isidoda kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla ebolile; dla ama-omeletts enziwe ngokuhlanza ['vomelettes']; izinkomishi ze-chug zikaviniga, okwathi kwesinye isikhathi kwabangela isibambiso ukuhlanza igazi; uphuze ubhiya uthele izimbongolo zabanye; futhi ahlanze kwezinye izithembiso, phakathi kokunye ukuhlukumeza.โ
UKim wayengumongameli weDartmouth ngenkathi uLohse eqala ukukhononda. Umongameli waseDartmouth wayeyazi ngokugcwele imikhuba yabenzi be-vomelette, okuhlanganisa nokuphika, kodwa akenzanga lutho, kusho u-Lohse, eshiya โinzondo edakayo enkabeni yesiko lethu ukuthi izihlobo ziqhubekisela phambili ngamanga e-pathological ngenkathi beqhubeka nokuhlukumeza.โ
Njengamaphesenti Awodwa ekuqeqesheni, i-Dartmouth Men ibafundi abaneziqu zasenyuvesi ezihola kakhulu e-US, naphezu kwalokho uLohse akubiza ngokuthi โukudla okugcwele yonke indawo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.โ Yebo, ngokwephepha labafundi, โiDartmouth kubikwa ukuthi inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlaselwa ngokobulili okubikwayo e-Ivy League.โ
Ubone u-Yoeli, "UKim akakwazanga ukuthola isikhathi sokuhambela umcimbi owodwa we-V-Week - izinsuku eziyi-11 ezinikezelwe ekulweni nodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane - naphezu kokubalulekile kwalo empilweni yasekolishi." Futhi mayelana nodaba olushisa kakhulu eKolishi kusukela ngo-1986 abafana abangabangane bahlasela idolobhana elimelene nobandlululo, elalisekela ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlu ekhempasini.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela