Kungani i-Operation Iraqi Freedom (sic) yavusa isikhalo esikhulu kangaka sokulwa nempi? Bambelela, akuwona umbuzo engingathanda ukuwubuza lowo. Ake ngiphinde ngibeke elinye igama: Kungani i-Operation Iraqi Freedom (sic) ivuse umbhikisho ongaka kunezinsuku ezingama-78 zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-US/NATO phezu kweYugoslavia ngo-1999?
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimpendulo ezingaba khona kulowo mbuzoโฆkodwa engiwesabayo ubandakanya uhlelo lwaseMelika olunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngakho-ke ake ngiphinde ngibeke elinye igama elithi: Ingabe imibhikisho yakamuva yokulwa nempi yenzeka ngoba uBush uyiRiphabhulikhi futhi uzungezwe abantu abafana noRumsfeld, Cheney, Powell, Rice, no-Ashcroft kuyilapho uClinton, okwakuthiwa ukhululekile, ejabulela inkululeko eyengeziwe enze amacala empi?
UBush wenza idemoni uHussein โnjengoHitler olandelayoโ ukuze amhlasele. Abakwesobunxele bafaka uBush ngamademoni ngokuqhathanisa noHitler. Ngibhale izindatshana eziningi ezigxeka inqubomgomo yase-US maqondana ne-Iraq futhi ngithole inqwaba yama-imeyili asekelayo. Ngesikhathi uClinton eqhunyiswa ngamabhomu eYugoslavia, nganyathelisa isihloko esimelene nempi futhi ngabizwa ngokuthi amaNazi ngenxa yokusekela ukuqothulwa kohlanga. Ubani owabiza uClinton ngomNazi ngaleso sikhathi? Ubani owenza izifaniso zikaHitler lapho eyala ukuziphindiselela kulawo โmacici amabiliโ (amazwi kaClinton) eSomalia? Ubani owadweba amadevu amnyama ayisikwele kumaphosta kaClinton lapho izakhamuzi zifa eYugoslavia ngesikhathi kuqhuma ibhomu elingekho emthethweni noma isitshalo sokwenza imithi siqhunyiswa e-Sudan ukuze sisiphazamise kuMonica?
Yonke le mibuzo isibuyisela okhethweni luka-2000 lapho abavoti bakaNader bakhuthaza abalandeli bakaGore ukuthi bahambe Green ngoba uGore wayengehlukile kunoBush. Nakuba le mpikiswano ingase ibonakale iwubuwula ngemva komhla ka-9/11, angicabangi ukuthi izehlakalo zeminyaka emithathu edlule ziyalishintsha leli qiniso eliyisisekelo: Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaDemocrats namaRepublicans ukuthi baqamba amanga ahlukene ukuze bakhethwe.
Ngabe u-Al Gore ngabe uphendule ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ku-9/11? Singase sifune ukukukholelwa lokho. Kungase kusiduduze ukucabanga ukuthi uBush uyindida futhi uma esesusiwe, konke kuzoba ngcono. Kodwa phakathi neminyaka kaClinton/Gore, uMthetho Wokulwa Nobuphekula kanye Nesijeziso Sokufa Esisebenzayo wasayinwa waba umthetho (April 24, 1996). Lesi sandulela soMthetho we-USA PATRIOT Act sasiqukethe izinhlinzeko uClinton azivuma ngokwakhe ukuthi โwenza izinguquko eziningi ezingalulekwanga emithethweni yethu yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ezingahlangene nokulwa nobuphekula.โ Lokhu kuhlasela okungqubuzana nomthethosisekelo akwenzanga kangako ukubhekana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuphekula kodwa kwanele ukukhawulela inkululeko yomphakathi yanoma ubani-umfiki noma umhlali-ongahambisani nezinqubomgomo zase-US, amazwe angaphandle noma asekhaya.
Kufanele sikholwe ukuthi uMengameli uGore ubengeke abambe phansi njengoba kwenza abafana baseDubya ngemuva kukaSepthemba 11? Ukube wakwenza lokho, ngabe ubezobhekana nokukhala okufanayo kwe-fascism uBush abhekana nakho manje? Kuthiwani uma u-Gore efika ekunikezeni i-Iraq umuthi ofanayo no-Clinton awunikeza iYugoslaviaโฆngabe besizobona amashumi ezigidi emasha emhlabeni wonke? Ngabe izincwadi ezifana nethi The Nation zingagqugquzelwa kangaka ekuphikisaneni kwazo? Ngabe ukuthukuthela nge-Iraq kuzozibonakalisa ngaphandle kokunye ukwesekwa kwanoma iyiphi iDemocrat enyusa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 adingekayo ukuze agijimele i-CEO yaseMelika?
Ingabe kukhona ngempela umehluko obukhali phakathi kwamaqembu amabili noma ingabe u-Gore Vidal uqinisile uma ethi: โIqembu lethu lezombangazwe okuwukuphela kwalo elinamaphiko amabili angakwesokudla, elinye elibizwa ngeRepublican, elinye iDemocratic?
Kungasiza ukuqaphela ukuthi lo mbono wenhlangano eyodwa elawulwa yibhizinisi awumusha ngempela. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, uhulumeni wase-United States, njengoba uZinn akubeka, โuziphatha ngendlela uKarl Marx achaza ngayo umbuso wonxiwankulu: uzenza sengathi awuthathi hlangothi ukuze ulondoloze ukuhleleka, kodwa ufeza izithakazelo zabacebile.โ
Ngenkathi uGrover Cleveland (Democrat) eqokwa njengomongameli ngo-1884, uRobber Baron Jay Gould wamshayela ucingo: โNginomuzwa wokuthiโฆ Kunoma ubani ozibuzayo ukuthi uGould wayeqinisile yini, khumbula ukuthi omunye wabeluleki abakhulu bakwaCleveland kwakunguWilliam Whitney, ummeli webhizinisi oyisigidi owashadela ingcebo ye-Standard Oil. UCleveland walandelwa uBenjamin Harrison (iRiphabhulikhi), indoda imfundo yayo eyinhloko yayisebenzela izitimela njengommeli nesosha. Ngaphambi kokhetho lwakhe, uHarrison washushisa abatelekile bezitimela ezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Noma kunjalo, waxoshwa e-White House ngo-1892 lapho uGrover Cleveland (obesengumDemocrat) ebuyisela isihlalo sakhe sobukhosi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, uRobber Baron Andrew Carnegie wathola incwadi evela kumphathi wezitshalo zensimbi, uHenry Clay Frick. "Ngiyaxolisa ngoMongameli uHarrison," kubhala uFrick, "kodwa angiboni ukuthi izintshisekelo zethu zizothinteka ngandlela thize ngokushintsha kwabaphathi." Khona manjalo, uMongameli uCleveland wasebenzisa amasosha ase-US ukuze ahlakaze โIbutho Lika-Coxey,โ umboniso wamadoda angasebenzi abeze eWashington ezobhikisha (ngakho-ke, nina nonke nina bantu abangasebenzi, aniyitholi imibono).
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu kamuva, obona ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokuphatha zeDemocratic Clinton/Gore ezithinta iHaiti, iSomalia, iCuba, iBosnia, i-Iraq, izitabane kwezempi, uDavid Gergen, NAFTA, GATT, abasebenzi, inhlalakahle, iMedicaid, iMedicare, " anti-terrorism,โ udlame lwezokuxhumana ngocingo, njll. lwabonisa ukuhluka okuncane kwezimbangi zabo zamaRiphabhulikhi?
Ngo-1993 no-1994, lapho uClinton โenethubaโ leCongress elawulwa ngokwentando yeningi, uMbusi uBill wasishiya isithembiso sakhe sokucabangela ukucela ukukhoseliswa kubabaleki baseHaiti, wasichitha isithembiso sakhe โsokuthatha ukuma okuqinileโ ngokumelene nokuvinjelwa kwamasosha. mayelana nezitabane kanye nongqingili, futhi wahlehla odabeni lwakhe lomkhankaso olusezingeni eliphezulu: ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngenkathi "ejabulela" iDemocratic House kanye neSenate, uClinton wasayina i-NAFTA ne-GATT, wenyusa isabelomali sePentagon ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-25, waxosha uJocelyn Elders, walahla uLani Guinier, waqhumisa ibhomu e-Iraq naseBalkan, wavuselela unswinyo lokubulala e-Iraq, futhi waphasisa umthethosivivinywa wobugebengu. lokho kwasinika amaphoyisa engeziwe, amajele engeziwe, namanye amacala angu-58 anesijeziso sokufa.
Ngemuva kokwengamela โinguqukoโ yaseRiphabhulikhi eyayidume kakhulu ngo-1994, uSlick Willie waqhubeka nokumasha evaleleke nabanikazi bezinkampani zakhe. Iminyaka emibili eyalandela yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yasihlinzeka ngamabhomu amaningi kanye nezijeziso ezengeziwe phezu kwe-Iraq; ukwesekwa ngomshoshaphansi kwezigebengu zempi eHaiti; ukuqinisa unswinyo olubhekiswe eCuba, Iran, kanye neLibya; kanye nokwesekwa okusobala kuka-Boris Yelstin okhohlakele. Ngaphakathi, uClinton waqhubeka nokuhlasela kwakhe isigaba sabasebenzi ngokuletha umthethosivivinywa wezokuxhumana eqhubeka nokunciphisa imingcele evele ihlekisa yenkulumompikiswano yomphakathi. Njengempama yokugcina ebusweni bophiko โolukhululekileโ lweqembu lakhe, uClinton usayine umthethosivivinywa wokuchithwa kwezenhlalakahle.
Kuthiwani ngemveloโฆokusolwa ukuthi yisizinda sikaGore? Ngo-1996, uDavid Brower, owayengumongameli weSierra Club, wabhala i-op-ed ye-Los Angeles Times enesihloko esithi, "Kungani Ngingeke Ngivotele uClinton." Kulesi siqeshana, u-Brower unikeze uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezixhaswe nguClinton, eziphule ngokuphelele isithombe somphakathi sikaBill noma u-Al Gore njengokuthi "i-pro-environment." Obunye balobu bugebengu buhlanganisa ukuphasiswa komgibeli wokugawula imithi yokuhlenga, ukusayinwa kweSimemezelo sasePanama, ukuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kwe-methyl bromide, ukwenziwa buthaka kwe-Endangered Species Act, ukwehliswa kwezindleko zamadlelo emhlabeni, ukuxhasa imboni kashukela yaseFlorida, ukwenza buthaka uMthetho Wamanzi Okuphuza Aphephile, ukubuyisela emuva ukuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwama-PCB, kanye nokuvumela ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela wase-Alaskan. Lokhu, kanye nokunye okufeziwe uClinton/Gore ngokuziqhenya, kuholele ekutheni u-Brower amemezele ukuthi i-Democratic duo enamandla โyenze umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni eminyakeni emithathu kunalokho okwenziwa oMongameli Bush noReagan eminyakeni eyi-12.โ Namuhla, uma uDubya ebheka esihlahleni ubhalwe ukuthi i-reactionary.
Uhlelo okuthiwa lunamaqembu amabili lufana nonodoli wenkampani omkhulu ogqoke unodoli weDemocratic Alliance esandleni sakhe sobunxele kanye nonodoli waseRepublican esandleni sakhe sokudla. Onodoli ngokwabo babukeka behlukile ngakho-ke sibonakala sinenketho. Noma kunjalo, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhetha kwakhiwe ngobunono ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesimo somnotho esikhona. Singakhetha, kodwa kuphela ohlwini olunqunywe kusengaphambili lwezinketho. Onodoli babukeka behlukile kodwa zombili izandla zilawulwa ingqondo eyodwa yezomnotho. Simane sikhetha izinhlangothi engxabanweni engamanga futhi sivumela lawo amandla okunquma inkululeko yethu yokuzikhethela.
Njengenkunzi ekulweni, umvoti ujaha i-red Cape. Siphazanyiswa kokuhlosiwe kwangempela ngesithombe esikhangayo noma inkohliso. Amandla ethu awagxilile kahle kangangokuthi asinikezeli usongo esimweni esikhona manje. Eqinisweni, sinikela ngokuzithandela ngokuthatha indima yethu enqunywe kusengaphambili njengomthengi. Osozigidi bemidiya abanezinwele ezomisiwe badayiselwa umphakathi njenganoma iyiphi enye impahla. Imibono ihlanganiswe ngobunono futhi imakethwa ngokushuba nokukhohlisa okufanayo njengomakhalekhukhwini noma i-SUV. Uma sesingene ezikhundleni, siyabethemba laba besilisa (nabesifazane) ngezinqumo zethu zokuziphatha futhi senelisekile ngobuqili bokubakhetha, singaliqondi iqiniso lokuthi uma ukuvota kungashintsha ngempela noma yini, kungenziwa kube ngokungekho emthethweni.
Kungani le mpi engekho emthethweni yabangela ukucasuka nokungavunyelwa okungaka kuyilapho izinsuku ezingama-78 zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu phezu kweYugoslavia azizange? Kumelwe sithembe ukuthi kungaphezu kokubhikisha kweqembu elisekelwe phezu kwesisekelo esiyiphutha sohlelo lwamaqembu amabili ngoba umbutho osekelwe kuleso sisekelo nakanjani uzobhujiswa.
UMickey Z. ungumbhali wencwadi ethi The Murdering of My Years: Artists and Activists Making Ends Meet (www.murderingofmyyears.com) kanye nomhleli ku-Wide Angle (www.wideangleny.com). Angafinyelelwa ku: [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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