UBarack Obama, kuyiqiniso, ungumholi wezinguquko. Kodwa udinga umnyakazo wenguqu ukuze abe ngumongameli wenguqu.
Akaguquki kuphela ngenxa yokuthakasela nokukhalipha kwakhe, kodwa ngokuhlanganisa ithuba lokuthi kukhethwe umongameli wase-Afrika-waseMelika esizukulwaneni esilandela inhlangano yamalungelo abantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyawina noma uyahlulwa, ukunyakaza okukhulu okugqugquzelwe u-Obama kuzoba isizukulwane esilandelayo sezishoshovu zezenhlalo zaseMelika.
Kwabaningi baseMelika, kungenzeka ukuthi u-Obama ungumuntu ojulile. Ngiqonde lapha u-Obama wenganekwane okhona emicabangweni yethu, hhayi u-Obama wangempela ozikhundla zakhe ezimaphakathi zizodumaza abaningi abathuthukayo.
Mina nomkami sinomfana wokutholwa oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala omvelaphi yakhe ingum-Afrika-waseMelika. Indodana yami endala ishade nowesifazane wase-Afrika-waseMelika onezimpande ku
Izinganekwane zibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba u-Obama ebhala encwadini yakhe ethi Amaphupho evela kuBaba Wami. Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, u-Obama wenganekwane wayekhona kuphela njengesifiso, isifiso esihle, ezweni lapho uthando lwezinhlanga lwalungemukelekile futhi umshado wezinhlanga wawuvinjelwe kakhulu. Ngo-1960, emphakathini wami okhululekile wase-Ann Arbor, Michigan, iphephandaba lethu labafundi ladalula umphathi wabesifazane waseNyuvesi yaseMichigan ngokuhlola ngasese amakhophi amhlophe abonwa ephuza ikhofi namadoda amnyama ekhempasini i-Union futhi azisa abazali babo. Ngalezo zinsuku, futhi, umbono womuntu wase-Afrika-waseMelika njengomongameli wawugcinwe kuphela esimweni samaphupho. Njengoba u-Obama ngokwakhe ememezele ngobusuku be-
Inhlangano yakuqala elwela amalungelo abantu, abaculi be-jazz, kanye nezimbongi ze-Beat baphuphe lo-Obama wenganekwane ngaphambi kokuba u-Obama wangempela enze umzimba. Ubaba wakhe wase-Afrika kanye nomama omhlophe ophikisana namasiko baba nesibindi sokuphupha futhi bamthande ukuba abe khona, bamfake inyama, ngesikhathi sokudala semashi eyingqophamlando ngo.
Lokhu kuwa kwakungewona umsebenzi wobunjiniyela, njengokuwa kwebhuloho, kodwa umphumela wokuhlupheka nokufelโ ukholo kanye nenqwaba yemisebenzi engabonakali yenhlangano eNingizimu yaseMelika.
Uma lokhu kuzwakala kungqubuzana nesayensi noma, njengoba abanye bengase basho, kuwuhlelo, cabanga ngakho. Akekho noyedwa kubantu okuthiwa bangochwepheshe kwezombusazwe, abezindaba noma izikhungo zobuhlakani ababone lolu suku luza. Nami bengingakulindele, lezi zindaba zifike kimina yisizukulwane esisha, kuhlanganisa nezami izingane esezikhulile. Iphuphe futhi yakhiwe "ngaphesheya kwe-radar" noma "ngaphandle kwebhokisi" ngabaphuphi abanolwazi abanomlando omude ekuhleleni umphakathi, ukunyakaza komphakathi, kanye nezimbangela ezimbalwa ezilahlekile. Basekelwa amatshe abakhi abawashiyile, ukunyakaza, "isandla esiqinile ngesandla esiqinile," u-Obama abhekisela kukho.
Kwesinye sezikhathi zakhe ezinhle kakhulu zokukhuluma, u-Obama ubiza umoya wezinhlangano zomphakathi ezakhiwe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, kusukela eMpini Yezinguquko kuya empini yokuqothula abantu besifazane kuze kufike osukwini lwamahora ayisishiyagalombili kanye namalungelo abasebenzi, kugcine ngokuthi isikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe lapho izindonga zehla eSelma naseMontgomery, e-Alabama, naseDelano, eCalifornia.
Njengoba ephinda le mantra yokunyakaza izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezigidini zabantu baseMelika, ukuqonda okusha kwamasiko kwenzeka. Lesi yisisekelo sendaba entsha yaseMelika edingeka kabi, ethi noma yini enhle ngaleli zwe ihambisana nezipoki zalabo abake bafika ngaphambili, emigudwini yezenhlalo evela emaphethelweni.
Nakuba u-Howard Zinn engase angavumelani, u-Obama ngokwezinga elikhulu uye wasebenzisa imodeli kaZinn "yomlando wabantu" waseMelika ngokumelene nendaba eguquguqukayo ekhazimulisa izimpi ngokumelene namahlakaniphi angaphandle njengoba kudingekile ukuze kusungulwe intando yeningi entsha ehlane, indaba enganqamuki yokuzikhethela kweMelika. , kusukela emahlathini angamakoloni kuya ezingwadule zase-Iraq, kusukela eCuster kuya eMcCain. Ukulandisa okusafufusa kuka-Obama nakho kuhlanganisa kodwa kwedlula enye incazelo enkulu yobungcweti baseMelika, ukulandisa "kwembiza encibilikayo," ngokuphawula ukuthi noma yikuphi "ukuncibilika" okwenzekayo kwakuhlale kubhekene nokuphikiswa okukhulu nokugxilile okuvela kwabanelungelo.
Ngike ngahlangana no-John McCain, futhi kwenzeka ngimthanda njengomuntu wasemhlabeni. Kodwa ngihlale ngiqaphela ukuthi waqhumisa iVietnam okungenani izikhathi ezingu-25 ngaphambi kokuba adutshulwe empini okwakungamelwe ilwe, ekunqotshweni okungeke kukwazi ukusho igama layo. Ufuna ukuqhubeka nempi yase-Iraq engenakunqotshwa, ebiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ngenyanga, kuze kube yilapho wonke umsolwa wase-Iraqi efile, elimele noma evalelwe, nakuba amaqhinga ethu ezempi eqhubeka ebangela ukuba ama-Iraqi amaningi asemancane azonde kunanini ngaphambili.
Njengokungathi ukulwa nempi yobuphekula kuze kube sekupheleni kobuphekula akwanele kuye, uMcCain ufuna ukubusa iMpi Yomshoshaphansi kuze kube yilapho amaRussia ephulwa unomphela futhi ehlazekile. Umgadli ohamba phambili ekuhlaselweni yiRussia kube yiGeorgia, isizinda sesikhungo sokwamukela izivakashi esine-neoconservative kanye nenkomo yemali yomeluleki kaMcCain wenqubomgomo yangaphandle uRandy Scheunemann, owazuza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi esebenza njengenxusa lezwe ngaphambili. ukujoyina ithimba lomkhankaso kaMcCain. Ngokusekela imizamo engenakwenzeka yaseGeorgia yokubamba izindawo ezahlubuka eSouth Ossetia nase-Abkhazia, uMcCain uye wasiza enye impi engenasidingo angeke ayinqobe.
Lokhu kungakwazi ukukhawulela i-adventurist appetite yempi kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu ekubukeni kwezwe kwe-McCain ne-Republican. Kuhambisana, vele, ukungakwazi kwabo ukukhawulela isifiso sebhizinisi somnotho wemakethe ongalawulwa. Ngokuhlangene, isiphuzo siwumnotho oqondiswe ezidingweni zeqembu lezwe elicebile, izinkampani zikawoyela, nosonkontileka bezempi.
Uhlobo lwe-capitalism ye-crony luya phambili esikhundleni sezimakethe ezincintisanayo noma ukulawulwa kombuso. Ikusasa likaMcCain lizoba ngelokuzungeza izinqola cishe kumaphesenti amahlanu abangabanikazi bamaphesenti angama-40 wezinsiza zomhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-95 aphila izimpilo ezisengozini ngaphansi kombuso wethu. Ukuze kuphothulwe leli kusasa, uMcCain uzibophezele ekuqokeni abantu abazokhethwa eNkantolo Ephakeme abagunyazwe yilungelo elikhulu.
Futhi nokho uMcCain unethuba elihle, ithuba elingcono kakhulu phakathi kwamaRiphabhulikhi, lokuwina ngoNovemba. Uneqhawe lempi lika-Gen. Eisenhower. Yizwe eliyingozi laphaya. Unxusa labo abanomqondo wekusasa owedlule, bathenge isikhathi ngokumelene nokungenakugwenywa. Futhi uMcCain uqhudelana no-Barack Obama, osabisa izikhungo namasiko ethu nje ngokumela ikusasa elingalindelekile nelingagunyaziwe.
Isibikezelo sami: Uma eqhubeka nesifundo, u-Obama uzowina ivoti elidumile ngamaphesenti ambalwa ngoNovemba, kodwa usengozini enkulu e-Electoral College. Isikhungo esisekelwe ekuvumelaneni kobugqila kwasekuqaleni singase sibe isithiyo esikhulu kakhulu ukuba singasinqoba.
Okuhamba phambili kubalandeli baka-Obama kufanele kube ukuhlanganisa abavoti abasha, abangakanqunywa, nabazimele ezifundazweni ezisafufusa ezifana nePennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, ngenkathi kunwetshwa izithunywa ze-Electoral College ezindaweni ezifana ne-New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada kanye neVirginia. Ngokungafani ne-nadir ka-2000, lapho u-Al Gore kanye ne-Democrats yesikhungo bebonakala bengakwazi ukuphikisa, okunye ukulahlekelwa kwe-Electoral College kufanele kubangele ukunyakaza kwentando yeningi okungapheli nokunamandla ngokumelene ne-Electoral College kanye namanye amaketanga esikhungo ilungelo lokwazi, ukuvota, nokubamba iqhaza. .
Kunabaningi abangaphandle kwenhlangano ka-Obama abathi umuntu ozongenela ukhetho "akaqhubeki ngokwanele", ukuthi u-Obama uzokhethwa njengobuso obusha bokungenelela kweMelika, okuthi noma ngabe yikuphi uguquko lwangempela alukwazi ukuzuzwa kusukela phezulu kuye phansi.
Lokhu kugxeka kulungile. Kodwa ekugcineni, bageja iphuzu elikhudlwana.
Inethiwekhi www.progressivesforobama.blogspot.com/ isiza esingavakashelwa kulabo abafuna ukwabelana futhi bahlole lezi zinto ezikhathazayo ngokujulile, kuyilapho besafuna ukusiza inhlangano ka-Obama ukuba iwine. Iningi lethu lifuna uMongameli Obama ahoxise amasosha e-Iraq ngokushesha kunezinyanga eziyi-16. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi isikhundla sika-Obama sihlanganyele nondunankulu wase-Iraq kanye neningi labo bobabili abantu bakithi. Umbuso wase-Iraq, ucindezelwa abantu bawo, unqabile ukwenqaba kukaMcCain ukwamukela uhlelo lwezikhathi.
Inkinga yangempela ngesikhundla sika-Obama e-Iraq ukubambelela kwakhe esiphakamisweni esesiphelelwe yisikhathi sika-Baker-Hamilton sokushiya izinkulungwane zamasosha aseMelika ukuze aziqeqeshe, elule futhi echazwe ngendlela engafanele "ukulwa nobuphekula". U-Obama kufanele acindezelwe ukuthi aphinde acabangele le recipe ye-quagmire ye-counterinsurgency engabonakali kancane.
E-Iran, u-Obama ukugcizelele kahle ukukhulumisana njengokuphela kwendlela yokulawula le nkinga yamazwe amabili futhi aqinisekise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhoxa ngokuhlelekile e-Iraq. Kufanele acindezelwe ukuze amelane nanoma yikuphi ukwenyuka. E-Afghanistan, u-Obama wenze isiphakamiso sokuthi kudluliselwe amasosha aseMelika angu-10,000 asuka e-Iraq, okusho ukuthi aphume epanini lokuthosa, awafake emlilweni. Umagazini kaJulayi 28 we-Time indaba ka-Rory Stewart uyakwenqaba ukucabanga okunjalo: "Ukwanda kwamasosha kungase kubhebhethekise ubuzwe base-Afghan ngoba abantu base-Afghan bamelene kakhulu namazwe angaphandle kunalokho esikuvumayo futhi nokusekelwa kokuba khona kwethu ezindaweni zokuvukela umbuso kuncipha." U-Obama kufanele asamukele lesi seluleko.
IPakistan, kanye nokwenzeka kokuhlasela komhlaba phansi ngamasosha ase-Afghan kanye ne-US, kungaba i-Bay of Pigs ka-Obama, isiphithiphithi. Kwa-Israel-Palestine, uzophishekela idiplomacy kakhudlwana, kodwa kancane. Sekukonke, ukulwisana nokuvukela umbuso e-Iraq, Afghanistan, nasePakistan kungenzeka kube udaka olusabalele emhlabeni wonke kanye nephupho elibi lamalungelo abantu, kuqede amathuba oxhaso lwezimali okushintsha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ezinye izinhlelo zasekhaya.
ELatin America, u-Obama weseka amasosha aseColombia, agcwele izinduna zezidakamizwa, ngokumelene namavukela mbuso aseColumbia, anesibopho sawo sokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubelokhu ephuma esitebhisini futhi engasenandawo yokuxhumana nomoya woshintsho lwentando yeningi olushanela iLatin America. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe ekufezeni izinhloso zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene zokulwa nobumpofu, noma ukuqeda ama-sweatshops ngokusebenzisa umholo wokuphila emhlabeni wonke, kuyadabukisa futhi-kunikezwe izimpi zakhe zokulwa nobuphekula-ziyobe zingenamali.
Njalo njalo. Indoda izodumaza futhi ikhuthaze.
Nalapha futhi, kungani simsekela ngokungqongqoza, ukuthumela imali, ukuqapha izindawo zokuvota, ukuvuselela amathemba ethu? Kunezizathu ezintathu ezigqamayo engqondweni yami. Okokuqala, abaqhubekela phambili baseMelika, ama-radicals, kanye nama-populists badinga ukuba yingxenye yomfelandawonye omkhulu ka-Obama, okungathathwa njengokungenzi lutho okungekuhle emiqondweni yabantu abasha kanye nabase-Afrika-baseMelika enkabeni yomkhankaso ohleliwe. Akubona "ububi obuncane" kunoma ubani wesizinda sesizukulwane sami ukuthumela i-African-American Democrat e-White House. Ingcindezi evela kubalandeli baka-Obama isebenza kakhulu kunengcindezi evela kubagxeki abangenandaba kangako uma ewina futhi abangeke baphakamise umunwe ukumsiza.
Okwesibili, ukuqokwa kwakhe ezinkantolo kuzosivimba ukuthi singavali ezindabeni zezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho kanye nenkululeko yabantu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu. Okwesithathu, sonke singahlafuna ushingamu futhi sihambe kanyekanye; okusho ukuthi, akufanele kube yinkinga ukuvotela u-Obama futhi uqoke i-White House yakhe lapho kufanele.
U-Obama ngokwakhe uthi unezimpande eziqinile ezithuthukayo kodwa uhlose ukukhankasa nokuphatha kulesi sikhungo. (Uthe akayena โu-Scoopโ uJackson Democrat noma u-Tom Hayden Democrat.) Lokho kuyinselele ukusukuma, ukuhlela, nokumisa kabusha isikhungo, nokwakha isimo sombono womphakathi sishube kangangokuba kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha. kusuka emigodini yezempi, ukuthatha izinhlangano ezingalawulwa kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke okungalawuleki, futhi sinikele ngezinsiza ezintweni ezibalulekile zasekhaya njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo, umnotho oluhlaza, kanye nemisebenzi yentsha emadolobheni.
Okushodayo kuzibalo zamanje akuyena u-centrist okwaziyo nokhanyiselwe kodwa ukunyakaza komphakathi okuthuthukayo esikalini esifana nesakudala.
I-refrain ijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwama-abolitionists aphikisayo, kuhlanganise ne-Underground Railroad kanye noJohn Brown, bekungeke kube nengcindezi kuMongameli uLincoln futhi awekho amasosha amnyama eNingizimu. Ngaphandle kwama-radicals we-1930s, bekungeke kube khona ingcindezi kuMongameli uFranklin Roosevelt, akukho Deal New, akukho Wagner Act, akukho Social Security. Ngaphandle kwezinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu kanye nokuthula ezicindezela uMongameli uJohn Kennedy, bekungeke kube khona imashi eya eWashington futhi akukho siphakamiso sokuhlehlisa umjaho wezikhali zenuzi.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zinguquko ezinqala zanqunywa futhi zaba buthaka kancane kancane, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi ukube ama-radicals aye azibambile ezombusazwe ezivamile zokhetho ngabe kube nezinguquko ezijulile noma uguquko.
Ukungezwani kokudala phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zomphakathi kanye nabaholi abakhanyiselwe bakwaMachiavellian kuyisibonelo somlando esikhiqize izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi nomlando waseMelika.
Abaholi bezepolitiki abajwayelekile ngeke baye kwesokunxele sesizinda sabo. Azikho izinqamuleli zoshintsho olukhulu ngaphandle kwesifunda esinamandla nesisebenzayo esihlelwe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Isahluko esilandelayo endabeni entsha ka-Obama yaseMelika sisazobhalwa, mhlawumbe yilowo obona umbono omkhulu wabasekeli bakhe.
Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuzomele kumdonsele ekuhoxeni ngokugcwele e-Iraq, noma ekulawuleni izikhungo ezinkulu zamandla ezezimali, esikhundleni sokulinda ukuthi ahole. Kakade phakathi kwesigaba sakhe esikhethekile sabaqoqi bezimali, kunentshisekelo enkulu esikhundleni sakhe ngentela yenzuzo enkulu kunokuba enze u-Halliburton aziphendulele. Futhi abeluleki bakhe "abangu-300" bezokuphepha kuzwelonke, ngokusho kwe-New York Times, "bangena kahle ekucabangeni kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yeDemocratic centrist".
Abathuthukile badinga ukubumbana ku-Barack Obama kodwa futhi babumbane-ngokwemvelo okungenani, hhayi ngendlela ephezulu-phansi ezindabeni ezinjengokuthula, imvelo, umnotho, ukuguqulwa kwabezindaba, umkhankaso wezezimali kanye nokulingana kunanini ngaphambili. Ingxabano ekhulayo namuhla iphakathi kwentando yeningi nombuso, futhi izimpi ziningi futhi zivame ukudida. Ngisho neminyaka kaBush yehlulekile ukuhlanganisa abathuthukayo baseMelika ngempumelelo njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi saseVietnam. Asikho isizathu sokulindela ukuthi uMongameli McCain ahlanganise noma yini ngaphezu kokucindezeleka kwethu okuhlanya.
Kodwa kunethemba elingenakwenzeka lokuthi inhlangano eyashiswa umkhankaso ka-Obama izokwanela ukukhetha u-Obama kanye neCongress eqhubekayo ngoNovemba, okudale ukuqhuma okukhulayo kokulindelwe kwezinhlangano zomphakathi-lapha nasemhlabeni jikelele-ukuthi uMongameli Obama uzoba. kuphoqeleke ukuthi bahlangane ngo-2009.
Lowo umzuzu wokuphila nokulwela.
U-Tom Hayden uyisishoshovu sempilo yonke sokuthula nesilwela amalungelo abantu, owake waba yisishayamthetho saseCalifornia, uprofesa, nombhali wezincwadi ezingaphezu kwe-15. Okwakamuva kwakhe yi-Voices of the Chicago Eight (Izibani Zedolobha), Imibhalo YeDemocratic Society: i-Tom Hayden Reader (Izibani Zedolobha), kanye Nokuqeda Impi e-Iraq (Akashic).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela