Iningi labangenele ukhetho lwezikhundla eziphezulu zezinyunyana bamagange ukuthuthela enhloko-dolobha yezwe lakithi, lapho izinhlangano zabasebenzi eziningi zisanakekela izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibukeka kahle obuphikisana nokwehla okuqhubekayo kobulungu nomthelela wezinyunyana. Ukuphila ngaphakathi kwe-Beltway kusahlinzeka ngedili lamathuba kubaholi besigaba sabasebenzi abahamba phambili. Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona izimemo zokuya e-White House (lapho umhlali kuyi-Democrat), kanye nenqwaba yemicimbi yezenhlalo kanye nokuqoqwa kwezimali kwabangane abaningi bezisebenzi ku-โThe Hill.โ
USandy Pope, ongenele izinguquko kumongameli we-International Brotherhood of Teamsters, uzibonelelela ikusasa elehlukile, uma ekhethwa kulokhu kuwa. UPapa uhlela ukweqa amaphathi ezombusazwe futhi aqashe โiMarble Palace,โ indlunkulu yeTeamsters'efana ne-mausoleum ku-Louisiana Avenue, ibanga nje elisuka eCapitol. UPapa uzogcina ihhovisi elincane lezomthetho eWashington kodwa ahambise yonke imisebenzi yenyunyana endaweni enezindleko eziphansi yamaloli nokugcina impahla eMidwest.
"Kufanele sibe lapho amalungu ekhona, enhliziyweni yeTeamsters, hhayi ngaphakathi kweBeltway, sizungezwe abameleli nabaxhumanisi," kusho uPapa. โSingatshela abezombangazwe, 'Wozani nizosibonaโeChicago!' โ
Kulokhu kanye nezinye izici eziningiโkuhlanganise nobulili bakheโuSandy Pope uyikhandidethi elingavamile kakhulu ukuze aphumelele uJames P. Hoffa, umongameli wamanje we-Teamster. UHoffa uneminyaka eyishumi nantathu ebambe isikhundla, ungummeli waseDetroit, futhi uyindodana yenhloko yenyunyana edume kakhulu, uJames R. Hoffa, umsebenzi wakhe wanqanyulwa ngokuboshelwa inkohlakalo nokufa okungaqondakali.
Inyunyana ka-Pope ivame ukuba ngamadoda, futhi ubuntu bayo obusesidlangalaleni bube yi-blue-collar macho kakhulu, i-gangsterish kakhulu. Ngenkathi uPapa eshiya iHampshire College maphakathi nawo-1970, wathuthela eCleveland, futhi waba umshayeli wamaloli, ithonya lezixuku laliyinkinga enkulu kubantu abaningi bendawo baseTeamster. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu, ubengumholi we-Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU), iqembu lezinguquko elasungulwa kungekudala ngemuva kokuba ozakwabo bokuqala bakaHoffa bamthumbe bambulala. (Umzimba wakhe awuzange utholakale.) Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1990, u-Ron Carey, umlingani we-TDU, wanqoba isikhundla sikamongameli we-Teamster. UPapa wayephakathi kwabashisekeli bezinguquko abanekhono ababegcwalise imisebenzi ephakeme ekuphathweni kukaCarey. Ngokuhlanganisa amalungu kanye nokwenza inyunyana yentando yeningi, ama-Teamsters ngaphansi kukaCarey akwazile ukuzuza ukunqoba okufana nesiteleka sango-1997 sabashayeli be-UPS abangu-200,000 nabaphathi bamaphakheji.
Owake waba ngumqondisi omkhulu weCoalition of Labor Union Women, uPapa wethule ukuhlasela okuqondile ophahleni lwengilazi yeTeamsters kwabesifazane, ethatha iminyaka yakhe yokuhlangenwe nakho njengomgqugquzeli wezinyunyana zendawo, uthisha wezabasebenzi, kanye nomxoxi wenkontileka oqinile. (โNgaphambi komakhalekhukhwini,โ kusho uPapa, โisibambo sami se-CB sasiyinkingaโfuthi ngayizuza.โ) Ama-Teamsters amele abasebenzi besifazane abangaphezu kuka-400,000, kodwa kumalungu angamashumi amabili nantathu avotelwayo esigungwini esiphezulu se-Teamsters, akekho noyedwa owesifazane. Ezingeni lendawo, ziyi-16 kuphela izinhlangano ze-Teamsters 407 e-United States naseCanada eziholwa ngabesifazane.
Ezimisele ukulungisa lokhu kungalingani kobulili futhi abuyisele โumoya wokulwaโ akholelwa ukuthi ubulokhu ungekho kusukela eminyakeni ka-Carey, uPapa ushaye umgwaqo ngekwindla edlule. Izindikimba zokusayina zomkhankaso kaPapa ziyisidingo sokwethula imikhankaso edidiyelwe kuzwelonke yokuhlela abaqashi abangezona izinyunyana ezimbonini eziyinhloko ze-Teamster kanye nokuqinisa izikhwama zezinzuzo zenyunyana ezinezinkinga zezimali.
Isinxephezelo sikaHoffa sesiphelele manje sesingu-$362,889 ngonyaka, ngesikhathi lapho amashumi ezinkulungwane zamalungu akhe elahlekelwa imisebenzi, amaholo, noma izinzuzo ngenxa yokwehla komnotho nezivumelwano zenkontileka. UPapa uzibophezele ekunciphiseni umholo futhi aqede ukuxhashazwa komgcinimafa we-Teamster njengezinsolo zokuthi ahole izikhulu ezingaphezu kuka-140 ezithandwa uHoffa.
Phakathi nenkathi yamasonto ayisithupha, ukwazile ukuqoqa amasignesha angama-50,000 kumalungu asezingeni nefayela e-UPS, izinkampani ezinkulu zezimpahla, kanye nabanye abaqashi be-Teamster.
Yena nomunye u-Hoffa ophikisana naye, owayengumlingani wakhe uFred Gegare waseWisconsin, bobabili balindele ukuqokwa ngokusemthethweni kwesobumongameli benyunyana, kanye nopudgy oneminyaka engu-1,700 ubudala, emhlanganweni wezithunywa ezingu-1.3 owawuse-Las Vegas ekuqaleni kwehlobo. . Ngokungafani nezinyunyana eziningi zikazwelonke - ezikhetha izikhulu zazo eziphezulu kule mihlangano, futhi zingavumeli isikhundla nefayela ukuthi livote - wonke ama-Teamsters ayizigidi eziyi-1991 azothola ivoti ngeposi maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, amalungu azobhekana neminyaka emihlanu yokubusa kukaHoffa noma, uma umbani uphinde ushayeโnjengoba kwenzeka emncintiswaneni ofanayo wezindlela ezintathu ngo-48 lapho uCarey ekhethwa ngamaphesenti angu-2012 evotiโuPapa uzofungiswa. "Marble Palace" ekuqaleni kuka-XNUMX.
Kulo nyaka abake baphatha amajazi akwaHoffa nabasezinkundleni zokuxhumana sebejoyine iqembu labagxeka izikhundla abathi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi โJuniorโ athathe umhlalaphansi. Owayesebenza olwandle, uGegare uthi ukuba nesibongo esidumile akuseyona isiqinisekiso esanele sobuholi. Umdabu waseGreen Bay, eWisconsin, ugcizelela isipiliyoni sakhe sangaphambilini njengomphathi wesitolo seTeamster, isikhulu sendawo, umongameli womkhandlu ohlanganyelwe, kanye nephini likamongameli wamazwe ngamazwe, kuyilapho egxeka ukuthembela okukhulu kukaHoffa kubasebenzi basendlunkulu abaqashwe kwezinye izinyunyana.
Ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, uPapa noGegare bavela phambi kwezithameli ze-Teamsters ezingama-200 eMilwaukee. Inkundla yabo โyamakhandidethiโ ixhaswe yi-Local 344, kanti nomongameli weTeamster naye wamenywa. UHoffa uyixazulule inkulumo-mpikiswano wamemezela ukuthi esikhundleni sakhe uzovela esikhundleni sakhe, iphini likamengameli weTeamster, uKen Hall. Lapho u-Hall ehoxa ngomzuzu wokugcina, uPapa wahlekisa ngokuthi โIrekhodi likaHoffa libi kakhulu ngisho nokuma kwakhe kudinga ukumiswa!โ Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokushintshisana okwathatha amahora amabili, akukho nelilodwa ilungu elisebenzayo elakhulumela uHoffa.
UPapa uhloniphe ukuvukela kwabasebenzi eWisconsin.
"Impi yenu eMadison ithathe umcabango wezwe lethu," etshela isixuku saseMilwaukee. โUkhombise umhlaba ukuthi inhlangano yabasebenzi imayelana nani: hhayi abafana abagqokile abagqoke amasudi ukubamba izingqungquthela zabezindaba futhi benze izethembiso eziyize, kodwa abantu abasebenzayo babuthana ndawonye futhi bagqugquzele ukuvikela amalungelo ethu. Lesi senzo sasemazingeni aphansi besibiza kakhulu ukwedlula izigidi zamarandi ngamasheke angabhalwanga inyunyana yethu ebhala minyaka yonke kosopolitiki abakhohlwa yithina njengoba sekubalwa amavoti.โ
Ukuze abambe umqhele wakhe, uHoffa uqoqa amasheke amaningi anamanani amane, abhalwe yizikhulu zeTeamster ezweni lonke. Futhi, kusolakala ukuthi uhlinzeka ngemisebenzi nokukhushulwa ukuze anxenxe abahlubukile ekamu lakheโukwephulwa kwemithetho yokhetho yenyunyana. Ngesikhathi sokugcina kukaHoffa isicelo sokuqokwa kabusha, umkhankaso wakhe wakhulisa futhi wasebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-$3 million. Kulindeleke ukuthi imali yakhe yokusebenzisa phezu kukaPope noGegare, isihlangene, ibe ngaphezu kokuhlanu kuya kokukodwa kulokhu. UPapa uthembele kumavolontiya ezinga nefayela.
Umama ohlukanisile wezingane ezimbili ezikhulile, uPapa uhlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu kulo nyaka, kodwa ubukeka emncane kakhulu, ngenxa yeminyaka yakhe eminingi ye-kickboxing nokugijima. Uma ekhethwa, bese kufanele asebenze nebhodi elibuswa yizikhulu zakwa-Hoffa, uzodinga wonke amakhono okuxoxisana awathole phakathi namashumi amane eminyaka esebenza eduze kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-Teamsters. Uma i-diplomacy ihluleka, ibhande lakhe elimnyama e-Tae Kwon Do lingase libe usizo, futhi.
USteve Early wayengumhleli wangaphambili weCommunication Workers of America kanye nombhali we "The Civil Wars in US Labor," eshicilelwe kulo nyaka ngabakwaHaymarket Books.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela