Esinye sezici ezixakile kwepolitiki yesimanje ukubusa kwabebeyizinxele abajikela kwesokudla. โAma-neo-consโ aqhuba kahle i-White House kanye nePentagon, iqembu labasebenzi kanye neminyango ebalulekile kahulumeni waseBrithani. Kodwa kukhona iqembu elihambe kakhulu, kusukela emaphethelweni akude kwesokunxele kuya ekugcineni kwelungelo le-pro-corporate libertarian. Yize ipolitiki yayo isiphenduke yaba ngama-degree angama-180, amaqhinga ayo - ukungena ezinhlanganweni nokuzithatha - abonakala engashintshile. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe okokuqala namuhla luphakamisa ukuthi amalungu aleli qembu aqoqe ingxenye ebalulekile yokusungulwa kweBritish.
Le nhlangano yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 njengeqembu leTrotskyist elibizwa ngokuthi yiqembu leRevolutionary Communist. Ngokushesha yaqala ukucekela phansi izinhlangano eziphikisanayo eziqhudelanayo. Ngesikhathi abahlengikazi nabahlanzayo bemasha befuna amaholo angcono, laqoka imibhikisho yabo.1 Yangena eqenjini elilwela amalungelo ezitabane i-Ourage yafuna ukuyivala.2 Izame ukuphazamisa isiteleka sabavukuzi,3 yabukela phansi i-Anti-Nazi League 4 futhi yacishe wabhubhisa i-radical Polytechnic yaseNyakatho London.5 Okungenani izikhathi ezimbili izishoshovu ze-RCP zahlasela amalungu amaqembu aphikisanayo.6
Ngo-1988, yasungula umagazini othi Living Marxism, kamuva i-LM. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlangano, eholwa isifundiswa uFrank Furedi, intatheli uMick Hume kanye nothisha uClaire Fox, base bedlulele kwesokudla. I-LM ichaze umgomo wayo njengokugqugquzela โukuzethemba komuntu ngamunyeโ ngaphandle kwemingcele yomphakathi.7 Yakhankasela ngokumelene nokulawulwa kwezibhamu,8 ngokumelene nokuvimbela ukukhangisa kukagwayi 9 kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zezingane,10 futhi ivuna ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke,11 ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu kanye nenkululeko yezinkampani. Yavikela iLungu lePhalamende elingu-Tory uNeil Hamilton 12 kanye nabahlambululi bezinhlanga baseBosnia Serb.13 Inikeze inkundla ababhali abavela ezikhungweni zokucabanga zezinkampani i-Institute for Economic Affairs 14 kanye neCentre for the Defense of Free Enterprise.15 UFrank Furedi waqala ukubhalela iSikhungo. Yezifundo Zenqubomgomo (eyasungulwa uKeith Joseph noMargaret Thatcher) kanye nokuxhumana namaketanga esuphamakethe, enikela, ngo-ยฃ7,500, ukufundisa amakhasimende abo โngezinkinga zesayensi eziyinkimbinkimbiโ. 16
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, leli qembu laqala ukungena emithonjeni yezindaba, kwaba nempumelelo emangalisayo. Okwesikhashana, kwakubonakala kubusa ukusakazwa kwesayensi nemvelo kuChannel 4 kanye ne-BBC. Yasebenzisa lezi zinkundla (i-Equinox, Against Nature, Attack of the Killer Tomatoes, Counterblast, Zeitgeist) ukuphikisa ngokuthi izazi zemvelo zingabasekeli bamaNazi ababevimbela abantu ekufezeni amandla abo. Ngo-2000, iphephabhuku i-LM lamangalelwa yi-ITN, ngemuva kokuqamba amanga ukuthi izintatheli zenhlangano yezindaba zazinobufakazi obungamanga bezenzo zonya zamaSerb kumaSulumane aseBosnia. I-LM ivaliwe, futhi yavuswa njengomagazini wewebhu i-Spiked kanye nomcabango we-Institute of Ideas.
Konke lokhu sekuvele kusizinda somphakathi. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yomsebenzi womcwaningi nesishoshovu u-Jonathan Matthews (oshicilelwe namuhla kusizindalwazi sakhe esithi www.gmwatch.org), okubonakala kuyisiqalo esisha emkhankasweni waleli qembu wokuzihlukanisa ngabanye. Abahlanganyeli bayo babambe iqhaza elibalulekile engqalasizinda esemthethweni yokuxhumana nomphakathi esetshenziswa isayensi nesikhungo sezokwelapha.
Ake siqale nge-Association for Sense About Science (SAS), iqembu lokwamukela izivakashi eliholwa ontanga yeLiberal Democrat uLord Taverne, futhi ibhodi layo liqukethe ososayensi abaqavile njengoSolwazi Sir Brian Heap, uSolwazi Dame Bridget Ogilvie kanye noSir John Maddox.17 Ngo-Okthoba ihlele incwadi eya kuNdunankulu ngososayensi abayi-114, bekhala ngokuthi uhulumeni wehlulekile ukwenza icala lonjiniyela wezakhi zofuzo. 18
Inombolo yocingo ye-Sense About Science yabelwa โindlu yokushicilelaโ i-Global Futures.20 Omunye wabaphatheli bayo ababili nguPhil Mullan,21 owayeyisishoshovu se-RCP kanye nomnikeli we-LM osohlwini lwababhalise kuwebhusayithi ye-Spiked magazine.22 Okuwukuphela kwakhe okushicilelwe kusizindalwazi se-Global Futures kuyiphepha likaFrank Furedi, unkulunkulu wehlelo.23 Umsizi womqondisi we-Sense About Science, u-Ellen Raphael, ungumuntu okuxhunyanwa naye we-Global Futures.24 Umqondisi we-SAS, uTracey Brown, ubhalile. kukho kokubili i-LM kanye ne-Spiked futhi ishicilele incwadi ne-Institute of Ideas 25: zonke ziyi-spin-offs ye-RCP. Bobabili uBrown no-Raphael bafunda ngaphansi kukaFrank Furedi eNyuvesi yaseKent, ngaphambi kokusebenzela inkampani ye-PR i-Regester Larkin,26 evikela izinkampani ezinjenge-biotech giants Aventis CropScience, Bayer kanye ne-Pfizer kubakhankasi abathengi nabezemvelo.27 Ikheli likaBrown labelwa ngu U-Adam Burgess, naye onikele ku-LM. Umbhali wezempilo ka-LM, uDkt Michael Fitzpatrick, uyi-trustee yakho kokubili i-Global Futures kanye ne-Sense About Science.28
I-SAS isungule iqembu elisebenzayo lokubuyekezwa kontanga, eliholwa futhi lisingathwe yiRoyal Society. Elinye lamalungu alo nguTony Gilland,29 ongumqondisi wezesayensi nomphakathi e-Institute of Ideas, obambe iqhaza kukho kokubili i-LM kanye ne-Spiked kanye nombhali ohlangene wesiphakamiso uFrank Furedi asenza ezitolo ezinkulu.30 Omunye nguFiona Fox, udade. kaClaire Fox, ophethe i-Institute of Ideas. U-Fiona Fox wayevame ukufaka isandla ku-LM. Esinye sezindatshana zakhe savusa intukuthelo kubakhankasi bamalungelo abantu ngokuphika ukuthi kwaba nesibhicongo eRwanda.31
UFiona Fox futhi ungumqondisi weScience Media Center, inhlangano yobudlelwano bomphakathi eyasungulwa nguBaroness Susan Greenfield weRoyal Institution. Ixhaswe ngemali, phakathi kokunye, yizinkampani ezithaka imithi i-Astra Zeneca, i-Dupont kanye ne-Pfizer.32 Fox isebenzise i-Science Media Centre ukukhuthaza imibono yezimboni kanye nokuqalisa ukuhlasela okunonya kulabo abababuzayo. Wenza umkhankaso, isibonelo, wokulahla idrama ye-BBC yanyakenye ethi Fields of Gold.33
Uhlu luyaqhubeka. Isikhulu senqubomgomo ye-Genetic Interest Group, emele izintshisekelo zabantu abanezinkinga zofuzo, manje sekungu-John Gillott,34 owayengumhleli wezesayensi we-LM futhi enikela njalo ku-Spiked. Umqondisi we-Progress Educational Trust, ekhankasela ucwaningo ngemibungu yabantu, nguJuliet Tizzard, obambe iqhaza ku-LM, Spiked kanye ne-Institute of Ideas. U-Gillott kanye no-Tizzard basiza futhi ekuqhubeni i-Genepool, umtapo wolwazi wezofuzo otholakala emitholampilo eku-inthanethi.35 Isikhulu esiphezulu se-British Pregnancy Advisory Service ngu-Ann Furedi, unkosikazi kaFrank Furedi futhi onikela njalo ku-LM and Spiked. Kuze kube wunyaka odlule ubengumqondisi wezokuxhumana kwaHuman Fertilization and Embryology Authority. Umxhumanisi we-Pro-Choice Forum, ememezela izindaba zokuhushulwa kwezisu, ngu-Ellie Lee, umlobi ovamile we-LM kanye no-Spiked futhi manje ongumhleli wochungechunge lwe-Institute of Ideas.
Ingabe konke lokhu kumane nje kwaqondana? Angicabangi kanjalo. Kodwa akulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kwenzeka. Ingabe sibheka iqembu elifuna amandla ngenxa yalo, noma elilandela idizayini yezombangazwe, okuyisinyathelo salo esiphakathi nendawo? Engingakusho ukuthi isikhungo sesayensi, esihlala singenangqondo kwezepolitiki, sibonakala singaqondile sivumele izintshisekelo zabo ukuba zimelelwe emphakathini ngamalungu enethiwekhi yezepolitiki exakile nangamahlelo. Kunokuba yakhe kabusha ukwethembela komphakathi kwezesayensi nezokwelapha, ifilosofi yaleli qembu enyanyekayo ekugcineni ingaliqeda.
References:
1. Nick Cohen, 12th August 2002. Abavukeli abashintsha ingoma yabo baba ochwepheshe. New Statesman.
2. per. comm. namalungu amabili we-Outrage
3. pers comm with Mark Osborn, Workers' Liberty.
4. Nick Cohen, ibid.
5. pers comm nomuntu owayeyisifundiswa esiphezulu e-Polytechnic yaseNyakatho London.
6. Keith Flett, 24th October 1998, incwadi eya kuMnakekeli; U-Nick Cohen, October 1998. Boardroom Revolutionaries. Umbukeli.
7. UFrank Fรยผredi, November 1995. Ehlenga isihloko. Ukuphila kweMarxism 84.
8. UMark Ryan, 16th August 1996. Ephethe isibhamu emakhanda ethu. Ukuphila kweMarxism ku-inthanethi. http://www.informinc.co.uk/LM/discuss/commentary/08-16-96-GUNS.html; Inkulumo-mpikiswano: Ingabe Ukulawulwa Kwezibhamu Kuzokwenza Umphakathi Uphephe? 18 February 1997. Ukuphila Marxism online.
9. UCheryl Hudson, November 1997. Ubani owabulala indoda yaseMarlboro?
Ingxenye ye-LM105.
10. Andrew Calcutt, April 1994. Kwadalulwa: ihlazo lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zekhompuyutha ku commons Living Marxism inguqulo 66; David Nolan, 3rd October 1996. 'Angimelene Nokuhlolwa, Kodwaโฆ' http://www.informinc.co.uk/LM/discuss/commentary/10-03-96-SAFETY.html. Ukuphila kweMarxism ku-inthanethi.
11. Peter Sammonds, April 1995. Ingabe ukufudumala kwembulunga kancane ngeke kube yinto enhle? Ukuphila kweMarxism 78; UJohn Gillott noDominic Wood, April 1995 Ubani owesaba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke? Ukuphila kweMarxism 78; Peter Sammonds, December 1997/January 1998. Umcabango Ofudumalayo. Ingxenye ye-LM106.
12. James Heartfield, March 1998. Imali, imibuzo nezimpendulo. Ingxenye ye-LM108.
13. Thomas Deichmann, February 1997. Isithombe esakhohlisa umhlaba. LM udaba 97; Joan Phillips, September 1992. Ukusungulwa kweHolocaust. Ukuphila kweMarxism udaba 47; Thomas Deichmann, July/August1997. Ngiyasola. Ingxoxo no-Radovan Karadzic. Ingxenye ye-LM102.
14. Roger Bate, May 1998. Ososayensi bayaphola ngokufudumala komhlaba. LM udaba 110; Roger Bate, February 1998. Indawo engenazo ubungozi iyingozi empilweni yethu. Ingxenye ye-LM107.
15. Ron Arnold, March 1998. I-Darker Shade of Green. LM108.
16. Frank Furedi, 1999. Courting Mistst: Ukukhula okufihliwe kwesiko lokuqulwa kwamacala eBrithani, Centre for Policy Studies, London.
17. UFrank Furedi noTony Gilland, 1998. Isiphakamiso Socwaningo: Umthelela wokwesaba ukuphepha engxoxweni mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-GMO ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Kuthunyelwe ezitolo ezinkulu, iFood and Drink Federation kanye neNational Farmers' Union nguTony Gilland, kusukela ku-23 Roslyn Road, eLondon.
18. http://www.senseaboutscience.org.uk/about.htm
19. Kusuka kuSolwazi Derek Burke nabanye, 30th October 2003. Incwadi eya kuTony Blair.
20. UNdunankulu, 10th November 2003. Commons Hansard Written Answers, Ikholomu 14W.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/cm031110/text/311
21. Kusuka kuKhomishani Yokusiza Abampofu YaseNgilandi naseWales.
22. spiked-online.com imininingwane yokubhalisa iyatholakala kusuka
http://www.networksolutions.com/en_US/whois/index.jhtml
okunikeza umnikazi njengoPhil Mullan we-39 Whitfield Street, London.
23. http://www.futureproof.org/copyright.htm
24. Kusuka kuKhomishani Yokusiza Abampofu YaseNgilandi naseWales.
25. UTracey Brown, 2002, ku-Ellie Lee (Umhleli): Isinxephezelo Uyahlanya: Ingabe Sisola Futhi Sifuna Kakhulu? Hodder Arnold, ne-Institute of Ideas
26. http://web.archive.org/web/20010309203835/www.regesterlarkin.com/traceybrown.htm,
http://web.archive.org/web/20020630233947/http://www.regesterlarkin.com/rl/staff_eraphael.shtml
27. http://www.regesterlarkin.com/rl/clients.shtml
28. Ikhomishana Yokusiza Abampofu YaseNgilandi naseWales; http://www.senseaboutscience.org.uk/about.htm
29. Andy Rowell noJonathan Matthews, April 2003. Strange Bedfellows. Isazi Semvelo.
30. UFrank Furedi noTony Gilland, 1998, ibid
31. Fiona Fox, December 1995. Ukubulala Iqiniso eRwanda. Ishicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama okucatshangwa ukuthi "Fiona Foster" ku-Living Marxism.
32. http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/aboutus/fundingsystem.html
33. I-Science Media Centre, ukukhululwa kwabezindaba ngomhla ka-31 May 2002. Ososayensi bathi idrama ye-GM "i-X-Files Fantasy"
http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/rismc/newsdetail.jsp?cat=5&nid=12/; Ronan Bennett, 2nd June 2002. The conspiracy to undermine the truth about our GM drama. The Observer; Alan Rusbridger, 7th June 2002. Fields of Ire. The Guardian
34. http://www.gig.org.uk/team.htm
35. http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/GenePool/
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela