Umkhankaso wokuziphilisa eNyuvesi yaseVirginia ubulokhu ucindezela abaphathi bale nyuvesi abahola abantu abayisithupha ukuthi baphathe kangcono izisebenzi zayo kule minyaka engu-14 edlule, kwesinye isikhathi bethola amaholo aphezulu, kodwa bahlale bebukele beqedwa ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila. e-Charlottesville. Abasebenzi, ngenxa yokuntula inyunyana, nokubona ukuziphindiselela kwabathile abakhulume, bebemanqika ukuhola kule mpi, kodwa abafundi basukumele phezulu.
Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 18 kuya kuMashi 1, abafundi be-UVA - ishumi nambili ekuqaleni, kodwa bekhula baba yiqembu lama-20 - benqaba ukudla. Ezinye zahlala izinsuku ezingu-12 zingenakho ukudla. Abanye bazila ukudla ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Bonke bezwa ubuhlungu nokukhathala. Amalunga abo abuhlungu. Imilenze yabo yaba buthakathaka. Babenobunzima bokukhuphuka izitebhisi. Bakuthola kunzima ukuphatha izincwadi, futhi kunzima nokugxilisa ingqondo. Babegqoke izendlalelo eziningi naphezu kwesimo sezulu esifana nentwasahlobo, futhi babesazizwa bebanda. Kodwa bathi bathole amandla nemfudumalo ngokukhula kokwesekwa ngesizathu esiholele ekutheni baqale indlala.
"Kunzima ukungadli," kusho uMarguerite Beattie, isazi sesayensi yengqondo yonyaka wesine, "kodwa ukucabanga ngalokho abasebenzi ababhekene nakho kwenza kube lula." โNgibona abasebenzi nsuku zonke,โ kusho yena. "Bahlanza indawo yami yokulala, izindlu zangasese, amashawa, nsuku zonke. Ngesinye isikhathi lapho siya ekhefini, ngabuza omunye wesifazane ukuthi wayenazo yini izinhlelo zeholide. Wathi ubeseholidini kanye kuphela empilweni yakhe yonke. "
Sekuyisikhathi eside i-UVA ifihle abasebenzi bayo abanganxeshezelwa kahle kakhulu ezincwadini zosonkontileka abazimele futhi yenqaba ukusho ukuthi bangaki babo noma baholelwani. Umkhankaso wokuphilisa abantu usanda kuzuza ukuzibophezela kwenyuvesi ukuthi izocwaninga osonkontileka bayo bese ibika ngenani labasebenzi namaholo abo. Lo mkhankaso uphinde wazuza usizo oluvela ku-AFL-CIO kanye ne-SEIU, omunye wabantu basendaweni osanda kuzibophezela ekuhleleni abasebenzi benkontileka ye-UVA. Umkhankaso oholwa ngabafundi ulungiselela ukugqugquzela izishoshovu ezinkulu kanye nezinyunyana ezihlela kule ntwasahlobo, kodwa yini ezuze lezi mpumelelo nokuthi yini eholele abafundi (kanye nabafundi basekolishi abafana nami, ababeyingxenye yomkhankaso eminyakeni eyi-14 edlule) ukuthi basho konke- Isikhathi esiphezulu okufinyelelwe kuso ku-UVA activism ukusetshenziswa kokungabi nabudlova kokudala - isiteleka sendlala abafundi abasebenzise kuso kule nyanga ngemuva kokuba amanye amaqhinga ehlulekile ukuveza izithelo.
Phakathi kwalabo abeza bakhuluma emihlanganweni yansuku zonke kwakukhona abantu bakazwelonke abafana noJill Stein, oqokwe njengomongameli we-Green Party, kanye nabamele izinhlangano ezimbili zabasebenzi abavele bagqugquzelwa ukweseka abasebenzi e-UVA. UJoseph Williams, ongomunye wabagadli abalambile, ungumdlali webhola wasevarsity owayezimisele ukubeka isikhundla sakhe eqenjini engozini. Lokho kuzidela kudonse abanye abafundi nabezindaba zezwe kulo mkhakha.
Ukusebenza E-Jefferson's Sweatshop
U-Teresa Sullivan waba umongameli wokuqala wesifazane we-UVA ngo-2010. U-Sullivan uyisazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esiye sahlanganisa incwadi ethi, "Ukukhokhelwa iholo eliphilayo ngomsebenzi womuntu kuyisimo esidingekayo ukuze uzenzele ngokwakho .... Ukuhlinzekwa kwamaholo anele ukuhlangabezana izidingo eziyisisekelo ziyisidingo esiyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi utholwe njengonomvuzo futhi unenjongo." Kodwa kule minyaka emibili edlule u-Sullivan akenzanga lutho ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhankaso weholo lokuziphilisa ukwedlula owamanduleli wakhe.
Isizathu sokuthi izisebenzi eziningi kwa-UVA zingawathathi amaholide (noma zidle ezindaweni zokudlela noma ukuya kumathiyetha amamuvi) ukuthi, nakuba zisebenza isikhathi esigcwele, ezikhokhelwayo ngeke zikhokhe izikweletu zazo ezijwayelekile. Abantu abaningi abaqashwe yinyuvesi, kungaba ngokuqondile noma ngosonkontileka, bathatha imisebenzi yesibili. Abanye banemisebenzi yesithathu. Abanye basebenza imisebenzi yesibili e-UVA ukuze bathole iholo eliphansi ngehora kunasemsebenzini wabo wokuqala - umkhuba ongabonakala wephula imfuneko engokomthetho yesikhathi nesigamu sokusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, ngaphandle kokuthi le misebenzi yomibili iqondene nabaqashi abahlukene, oyedwa inyuvesi kanye nomunye wosonkontileka bayo. Lawa mahora amade anxeshezelwa kahle kangangokuthi abaningi bathembele emalungwini omkhaya nasezinzuzweni zikahulumeni ukuze nje bakhokhele indlu, ukudla, okokugqoka, nezinto zokuhamba. Akukho okungeziwe ngaphandle kwalezo zidingo.
Abagqugquzeli bomholo wokuziphilisa bayaqaphela ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu angancamela ukukhokhelwa ngendlela ehloniphekile ngomsebenzi awenzayo kunokuba asebenze ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo esifanelekile futhi abanjwe enetha lokuphepha elingase lisize kangcono abangasebenzi. Ezingxoxweni mayelana neziphakamiso zamaholo okuphila, kuhlale kungamathangi asebenzela indawo yokwamukela izivakashi amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela, njenge-Employment Policies Institute, amela amakhredithi entela etholwayo kanye nezinye izindlela zokudlulisa umthwalo wenkokhelo yabasebenzi usuka kubaqashi abakhulu uyiswe kumqashi. umphakathi wonkana.
Iningi labasebenzi abahola kancane e-UVA bangabasebenzi bezinkontileka. Basebenzela enye yezinkampani inyuvesi eziqashayo ukupheka ukudla, ukusika utshani, izindlu zangasese ezihlanzekile, ukuphendula amafoni, njll. - izinkampani ezifana ne-Aramark, Turners Cleaning Service, kanye ne-Zaatar Services/Service Master Cleaning. "Bob," isisebenzi senkontileka esisebenza ehholo lokudlela sitshele umkhankaso weholo lokuhlala ukuthi ubesebenza amahora angama-45 ngesonto iminyaka engu-10 edlule, kodwa ubekwazi kuphela ukuthengela izingane zakhe ezimbili ezincane umzanyana ngoba ubethathe izintambo. ukucindezeleka kwamanye amahora angu-25 ngesonto emsebenzini wesibili.
U-Tom, isisebenzi esiqondile senyuvesi (wonke amagama ngaphandle kwelilodwa lalaba basebenzi ashintshiwe ukuze kuvikelwe ubunikazi babo) ungumdwebi wendawo emagcekeni enyuvesi. UTom uthe akekho emnyangweni wakhe ongacabanganga ngomuntu ongenawo umsebenzi wesibili, futhi abaningi banowesithathu, kuyilapho iningi lisafuna isikhathi esengeziwe elingasithola emsebenzini walo wokuqala. Uthe ukucindezeleka kwakulimaza ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
"Abaphathi bekungaba ngcono ukuthi bakhokhe iholo lokuziphilisa," kusho uTom, "ukuze abantu bangaguli ngaso sonke isikhathi, becindezelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, belwa nomkabo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ungeke ukwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zakho, kuba njalo engqondweni yakho." UTom uthe ubona ukudakwa otshwaleni njalo, kanye namacala odlame lwasekhaya phakathi neminyaka ayisebenzele i-UVA.
Omunye umsebenzi wokulungisa umhlaba, uMnuz Mike Henrietta (igama lakhe langempela), uthe akuvamile ukuthi ozakwabo abazingela bahlukaniselane inyamazane, noma labo abafuya izinkukhu bahlukaniselane inkukhu, nalabo basebenzi base-UVA abasenkingeni kakhulu kunabo. UTom wavuma, ethi, "Imbabala izofaka amakhilogremu angu-80 enyama efrijini lakho, futhi lokho kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Abafana abaningi bazokwenza, phakathi nangaphandle kwesizini [yokuzingela]."
UTom uphinde waveza uhlangothi olumnyama lokuphelelwa yithemba kwabasebenzi endaweni evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Mr. Jefferson's University. โNgikhulume nomunye wabaphathi,โ usho kanje. "Ubenentambo yebhande, ngambuza ukuthi kungani. Wathi ubeshiye ibhande nebhulukwe esihlalweni amahora ambalwa kanti kukhona osemnyango wethu okuntshontshe." Ukuhamba nebhulukwe nebhande, kusho uTom, cishe noma yini esele ixega, okuhlanganisa abadla ukhula nabafuthayo. "Uma usuphelelwe yithemba, uthola iminwe enamathelayo."
UMartha usebenza njengomsizi wokuphatha wenkontileka ebizwa ngeMorrison Management Specialists esibhedlela i-UVA. Umsebenzi wakhe wamahora angu-40 wehliswa waba ngamahora angu-36 eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okwamshiya ehola iholo lonyaka elingaphansi kuka-$27,000. Uyakwazi ukukhokha irenti ngokuhlala efulethini elinamakamelo amane nabanye abantu abathathu. Abaningi ozakwabo uthe benza kancane kakhulu kunaye futhi banezingane okumele bazondle. Abakhala ngakho kakhulu uthe izicathulo, amabhulukwe, izincwadi nezimpahla zezingane zabo zesikole.
UJane, omunye umsebenzi wenkontileka oke wathintana nomkhankaso wokuholwa ophilayo ukhokhelwa u-$7.50 ngehora. Lokho kungu-$300 ngesonto, noma u-$15,600 ngonyaka. Lokho akukhona โinkokhelo yokuqalaโ umuntu angase alindele ukukhuphuka ngokushesha; useneminyaka esebenza khona. Akanazo izinzuzo zezempilo futhi kufanele azikhokhele umfaniswano wakhe kanye nendawo yokupaka. Ngisho nabaphathi enkampanini ayisebenzelayo bakhokhelwa u-$9.50 kuphela ngehora.
Ngokusebenzisana nocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Economic Policy Institute (akumele kudidaniswe neSikhungo Sezinqubomgomo Zokuqashwa esishiwo ngenhla), umkhankaso wamaholo okuphila we-UVA ubale ukuthi iholo lokuziphilisa eCharlottesville, eVirginia, lingu-$13 ngehora kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezempilo. Lelo holo, ngokwe-EPI, kufanele livumele abantu abadala ababili abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele abanezingane ezimbili ukuba bakhokhele izidingo zabo kuphela hhayi okunye. Umndeni oneholo elilodwa, yiqiniso, usele nomshikashika omkhulu. Abanye abasebenzi baseNyuvesi yaseVirginia, abaqashwe ngezinkampani ezinenkontileka, manje sebekhokhelwa amaphesenti angama-58 alokho abakudingayo, noma kunalokho abebengakudinga uma benikezwa usizo lwezempilo, abangalutholi.
I-UVA inesiphiwo semali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-5 zamarandi futhi yakhe izakhiwo eziningi ezintsha, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zemidlalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje. Omunye wamaphini omongameli wayo wakhokhelwa u-$650,000 ngo-2011, omunye woprofesa bayo u-$561,100, omunye u-$518,900, nomongameli wayo omusha, uTeresa Sullivan, u-$485,000. UDavid Flood, umfundi oneziqu ze-anthropology futhi ongomunye wabagadli bendlala, uthe ukulinganisa okuhle kakhulu okungabiza inyuvesi ukuletha bonke abasebenzi emholweni ophilayo kuzoba ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lesabelomali sonyaka se-UVA. (Isibalo kumele siqagele kuze kube inyuvesi yenza lokho kucwaninga.)
I-Charlottesville inezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-40,000, futhi umqashi wayo omkhulu kunabo bonke, inyuvesi, iqashe abantu abangu-20,000, abanye besuka ngaphandle kwemingcele yedolobha, abaningi babo ngamaholo obumpofu. Bangaphezu nje kwamaphesenti angama-27 abantu baseCharlottesvilians abahlala ngaphansi komugqa wobuphofu wenhlangano. Uhulumeni wedolobha unomgomo wamaholo okuphila futhi ucele inyuvesi ukuthi ihambisane nawo. Ezinye izisebenzi ze-UVA zithembele ezindlini zomphakathi, izinsiza zezenhlalakahle, nezitembu zokudla. Elinye ilungu lomkhandlu wedolobha likhononde ngokuthi "idolobha lixhasa amanani aphansi e-UVA omholo ngamanethi okuphepha komphakathi."
Omakhelwane baseCharlottesville bahlukaniswa kakhulu yingcebo nobuhlanga, futhi abasebenzi abadonsa kanzima bavame ukungasondeli kubafundi noma kubavakashi ngezinto ezibakhathazayo. Abasebenzi besaba ukuphindiselwa uma bekhuluma. Ngo-December 1999, umthengisi we-UVA yokudlela esitolo se-UVA okuthiwa u-Richelle Burress wamiswa ngenxa yokugqoka inkinobho yeholo lokuziphilisa kumfaniswano wakhe. UTom uthe ubone abasebenzi abakhulume benganakwa futhi benqatshelwa ukukhushulelwa esikhundleni. Wonke umuntu uyambuza ukuthi umkhankaso uhamba kanjani, uthi, kodwa akekho noyedwa kubo ozolokotha awujoyine. UMarta wavuma, wathi, "Esimeni esifanele sokusebenza umqashi akadingi ngempela isizathu sokukuxosha, futhi siyakwazi lokho." Yiqiniso, lokhu kungase futhi kube yiqiniso esimweni esingelona ilungelo lokusebenza uma inkontileka yenyunyana ingakuvimbeli.
Ngo-April 2011, inyuvesi yakhipha isitatimende esithi, "Ingcweti kanye nabasebenzi abathi, ngobuqotho, bazibandakanye nenkululeko yokukhuluma evikelwe ngokomthethosisekelo kufanele bakwenze lokho ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindiselwa." Kodwa abaningi abaqiniseki. Akukhona nje ukuthi abaphathi benyuvesi bebenqaba izicelo zokuphawula kwabezindaba, ngokusho komkhankaso wokuthola amaholo aphilayo u-Emily Filler, kodwa muva nje uyalele abasebenzi ukuthi bangakhulumi nabezindaba. UDavid Flood, umfundi olambile, uwagxekile amaqhinga njengangekho emthethweni, ephula amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala namalungelo ngokumelene nokuziphindiselela emsebenzini. โAbasebenzi batshelwe ukuthi bangaxhumani nathi,โ usho kanje.
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo
UZamcolo kanye โnababhejaโ abakanye naye, njengoba bezibiza kanjalo, bahlele, bafundisa, bahlangana, bangenela, bathola ukwesekwa ngamalungu obuhlakani angaphezu kuka-300, bathola usizo lwezinhlangano eziningi ekhempasini nangaphandle, futhi bashicilelwa futhi babuyekezwa minyaka yonke. umbiko onamakhasi angama-75 othi "Ukugcina Izithembiso Zethu," owenza impikiswano engokomlando, yokuziphatha, nengokomthetho yeholo eliphilayo. Izifunda ezingaba ngu-150, namanyuvesi angama-22 kwangu-25 akleliswe phezulu ezweni anemigomo yamaholo aphilayo, kanti ucwaningo oluningi seluphethe ngokuthi anciphisa ububha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuqashwa.
Umkhankaso wamaholo okuphila we-UVA, owokuqala ekhempasini yasekolishi, wethulwa ngo-1998, ufuna iholo lokuziphilisa lika-$8/h, elikhonjwe ukuze lihambisane nezindleko zokuphila. Ngo-2000, i-UVA yakhuphula iholo layo eliphansi kakhulu labasebenzi abaqondile lisuka ku-$6.10 laya ku-$8.19, ngaphandle kokuvuma umkhankaso, nangaphandle kokukhomba izinga elisha lokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngeshwa lesi sinyathelo asizange sisize iningi labasebenzi abahola kancane, abaqashwe ngosonkontileka. Umkhankaso ka-$8 uzuze amaholo okuphila edolobheni, ohlelweni lwezikole zikahulumeni, kanye nabaqashi abaningi abazimele e-Charlottesville. Kepha kwa-UVA amaholo aqhubeka nokwehla ngokwemibandela yangempela njengoba izindleko zokuphila zikhuphuka.
Ngo-2006, kwaboshwa abafundi abangu-17 ngokuhlala ehhovisi likamengameli, kwathi uprofesa owazama ukubajoyina waboshwa waphinde waxoshwa. Inyuvesi iphinde yanyusa amaholo, yaphinda futhi ngaphandle kokuwuncoma umkhankaso, futhi ngaphandle kokuwakhomba emalini yokwehla kwamandla emali.
UMongameli Sullivan uveze umbono wommeli wombuso we-2006 wokuthi umholo ophilayo e-UVA ngeke ube semthethweni, ingxabano lapho umkhankaso uphendule khona ngemibono yawo yezomthetho nezibonelo ezivela ezweni lonke. U-Sullivan uphikisene ngokuthi i-UVA manje ikhokha u-$13 kanye nezinzuzo ezifakiwe, kodwa isidingo somkhankaso singezenzuzo engu-$13 kanye nezinzuzo, kanye nezisebenzi zenkontileka okufanele zikhavwe. Umongameli uthe angeke athembise ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi izoba yini isabelomali sesikhathi esizayo, nakuba ezinye izindleko zenani elikhulu kakhulu lamadola selizibophezele kuzo. Uthe ukumiswa kwamaholo okubekwe uhulumeni akukwazi ukubikezelwa, kodwa umkhankaso uthi ukumiswa okunjalo akuvimbeli ukukhuphula izinga eliphansi.
Iphini likamongameli we-UVA ezindabeni zomphakathi, uCarol Wood, wenqabile ukuphawula ngalesi sihloko.
Isiteleka sendlala sabekwa ukuthi sidlule umhlangano wezinsuku ezintathu we-UVA's Board of Visitors. I-BOV iyibhodi lebhizinisi leNyuvesi yaseVirginia, amalungu ayo aqokwe umbusi waseVirginia futhi agunyazwa uMkhandlu Kazwelonke wezwe. I-BOV inesibopho sokuhlela isikhathi eside futhi igunyaze izinqubomgomo ezintsha nesabelomali e-UVA. UZamcolo nabanye abafundi bahlangana kabili noSullivan nabanye abaphathi abaphezulu. U-Flood uchaze ukwakheka kwabo kwezinqumo ngokuthi "okungacacile," kodwa wathi akangabazi ukuthi uma u-Sullivan nabaphathi bakhe bevumelana ngeholo lokuphila, bangakwazi ukulisebenzisa futhi bazise Ibhodi Lezivakashi.
U-Emily Filler ugqugquzelwe yisiteleka sendlala, uthe esikhathini esingamasonto amabili kubhekwe lukhulu kuyena, baningi abafundi asebewazi ngalo mkhankaso, inyuvesi ivumelene okokuqala ngqa ukuthi izocwaninga osonkontileka bayo bese ibika. ezinombolweni zabasebenzi bayo kanye nemali abayiholayo, kanye nezinhlangano ezimbili zabasebenzi - i-SEIU ne-AFL-CIO - zilethwe ekhempasini ngenxa yokunakwa kwesiteleka sendlala.
"Ngemva nje kwekhefu lasentwasahlobo," kusho uFiller, "sizoqala ukuhlela abasebenzi benkontileka."
Ebuzwa ukuthi umkhankaso usuphelile yini njengoba esebuyela ekudleni, uMarguerite Beattie uthe, "Oh, asipheli amandla kuze kube iholo eliphilayo."
Le ndaba ikhiqizwe i-Economic Hardship Reporting Project ezimele, ehlelwe ngokubambisana ngu-Barbara Ehrenreich kanye no-Linda Jue.
Izincwadi zikaDavid Swanson zihlanganisa "Impi Ngamanga." Ubhalisa ku davidswanson.org futhi warisacrime.org futhi isebenzela inhlangano yezishoshovu eziku-inthanethi rootaction.org. Uyabamba I-Radio Nation Nation.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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