Incwadi entsha kaJody Williams ibizwa Igama Lami Ngingu-Jody Williams: Indlela Esafufusa Yentombazane YaseVermont Eya Kumklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel, futhi iyindaba ephawulekayo yomuntu ophawulekayo. Futhi iyincwadi echaza umlando ngempilo yomuntu exoxwa kahle kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezahluko zezingane zakuqala lapho kunokusikisela okumbalwa kwesishoshovu esizayo.
Umuntu angakwazi ukufunda le ncwadi futhi eze ecabanga ukuthi "Noma ubani ngempela angawina uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel," uma abantu empeleni betshela izingane zabo ukuthi bangakwenza lokho kunokuba bazitshele ukuthi bangaba umongameli, futhi uma umuntu ecabanga ngabahlomuli beNobel Peace Prize. izidalwa ezingcwele. Ngomqondo othile, kunjalo, noma ubani can uthole uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel, njengoba ngokuvamile unikezwa abantu abalungile abangahlangene nokuthula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa abashisekeli bokufudumala. Ukuze uwine uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel futhi uwufanele, njengoba kwenza uWilliams - enye indaba leyo. Lokho kudinga, hhayi ubungcwele, kodwa ubushoshovu.
Ubushoshovu ngokuvamile buwumjuluko ongu-99% kanye nokuzinikela okuwuqhubayo, njengobuhlakani. Kodwa endabeni yoMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel, kanye nohlobo lwempumelelo esheshayo oluhlonishwayo uma lusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nentando ka-Alfred Nobel, umjuluko ungama-49%. Enye i-50% yisikhathi. Izishoshovu ezaqasha uWilliams ukuthi ahole umkhankaso wokuvala amabhomu agqitshwayo zazinesikhathi esiphelele. UWilliams wafaka okuthile okunamandla. Wahlela impumelelo ethile yokuqala, waveza ukusebenza nokubaluleka kwephrojekthi, wasebenza ubusuku nemini, futhi wabuka abanye abantu abaningi, emazweni amaningi, beziphonsela emkhankasweni ngendlela abantu abayenza kuphela uma bekholelwa ukuthi okuthile kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha nangokumangalisayo. ngcono umhlaba.
Umuntu angalukhetha kanjani udaba olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele? Ngokulandela isibonelo somkhankaso wamabhomu agqitshwayo, umuntu kufanele akhethe isihloko lapho umhlaba wonke ungenza okuthile okuhle ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kukahulumeni wase-US, futhi empeleni aphumelele naphezu kokuphikiswa okunamandla okuvela kuhulumeni wase-US, bese ehudula i-US. uhulumeni kanye, ekhahlela futhi eklabalasa, uma umhlaba wonke usuqhubekele phambili.
Okungihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngesiwombe sokuqala sencwadi kaWilliams ukuthi sihlala sikwenza kube nzima kangakanani kunoma ngubani ofuna ukusebenzela umhlaba ongcono ukuthi athole umsebenzi ofanele. Silahla izigidigidi ekuqasheni abantu abasha empini noma emisebenzini yebhizinisi. Cabanga nje uma abantu abasha bekufanele bazifunele lezo zindlela. Cabanga nje uma izikhangiso zethelevishini nemidlalo yamavidiyo namamuvi nezibuko emicimbini emikhulu yezemidlalo konke bekusetshenziselwa ukunxenxa abantu abasha ukuba babe yisishoshovu esingenabudlova sokuthula noma ubulungisa. UWilliams nabanye abaningi babengathola indlela yabo ngokushesha okukhulu.
UWilliams waxabana noyise ngempi yase-US eVietnam. Waqala ukuza ngokudalulwa kwesigameko saseGulf of Tonkin njengenganekwane, kanye nokusongela okuzayo kwendodana eyayizobhalwa - futhi ngokungangabazeki futhi ngenxa yokukholisa kukaWilliam.
Okwenze u-Williams wangena esishoshovu esikhokhelwayo, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kwakuyipheshana alinikezwa esitobhini sikamasipala waseWashington, DC. Isihloko besifundeka kanje: "El Salvador: Another Vietnam?" Ekugcineni, uWilliams wazithola ehlanganyela emsebenzini wezishoshovu "owayengazizwa njengomsebenzi." Ngithatha lokhu njengokusho ukuthi ukuze into "izizwe njengomsebenzi" idinga ukumosha isikhathi. Ubushoshovu, akunjalo. Cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lomphakathi esiwakhile lapho okujwayelekile kuyize.
Ukuthola ubushoshovu akusho ngempela ukuthola ukuphila okulula. Kusho ukuzidela kanye nobungozi, kodwa ukufeza umhlatshelo kanye nengozi. UWilliams wazifaka engozini yokufa nokulimala eMelika Ephakathi futhi wahlupheka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukudlwengulwa. Eminyakeni ethile kamuva wayixoxa obala leyo ndaba phambi kwezilaleli ezingu-2,000 XNUMX njengengxenye ye I-Monologues ye-Vagina. "Ngazizwa sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa isibonelo ukuze ngitshele abesifazane ukuthi akudingeki bavumele okuhlangenwe nakho okunyantisayo konakalise ukuphila kwabo. Angizange ngikuvumele ukuthi kucekele phansi okwami." Akazange avumele zonke izinhlobo zezinye izinto ezinyantisayo zimvimbe.
Lapho uWilliams eseqalile ukuhlela uMkhankaso Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokuvinjelwa Kwezibhomu Zomhlaba (ICBL), impumelelo yaqala ukuza ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho ayekulindele. Ukuphikiswa kwakhula kanye nakho. Amabhomu agqitshwayo awababulali abantu, kusho ohulumeni, abantu babulala abantu. I-United States yayiyimbi kakhulu, ihlongoza ukusebenzisa โamabhomu agqitshwayo ahlakaniphileโ ayezocisha lapho izimpi ziphela, kanjalo abulale abantu abalungile kodwa hhayi abangalungile, abulale amasosha kodwa hhayi abalimi nabantwana. UWilliams ulandisa ngendlela athuka ngayo futhi egxeka usopolitiki wase-US owayezama ukumncenga ngokufaneleka "kwamabhomu agqitshwayo ahlakaniphile." UWilliams akakutholanga ukuthula "enhliziyweni yakhe" noma ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe nomuntu siqu ukuze athuthukise ukuthula emhlabeni. Uthuthukise ukuthula emhlabeni ngentshiseko, nangesu elihlakaniphile. Abantu bomhlaba babengazimisele ukuba nomdlandla wokusebenzela ukuvinjelwa kwamabhomu agqitshwayo. Umkhankaso wokuvala amabhomu agqitshwayo angasho lutho.
UWilliams akazange anikeze nesentimitha ukuphendula izinkulumo zikaMongameli wangaleso sikhathi uBill Clinton ezimelene namabhomu agqitshwayo, ezazihambisana nenqubomgomo yakhe ekuvikeleni kanzima amabhomu agqitshwayo. "Izinkulumo ezikhuphukayo azenzi lutho ukusindisa izimpilo," waphawula - iseluleko esingase sibe nenani elingapheli kubasekeli bezinkulumo zikaMongameli Obama eziphikisana nezinqubomgomo zakhe.
Imikhankaso yokulwa namabhomu agqitshiwe yathuthukiswa, ngosizo lukaWilliams, emazweni amaningi. E-Italy, izishoshovu zaphoqelela lolu daba kwabezindaba futhi zashukumisela ungqongqoshe wezokuvikela ukuba asekele ukuvinjelwa. Baphinde baqinisekisa izinyunyana zabasebenzi amalungu azo akhiqiza amabhomu agqitshwayo ukuze aziphilise ukuthi zisekele ukuvinjelwa. UWilliams ubambe iqhaza ohambweni olude oluya edolobheni lefemu, lapho abasebenzi besifazane abane bephakamise isibhengezo esithi "Ngeke sondle izingane zethu ngokwenza amabhomu agqitshwayo abulala izingane zabanye abantu." Cabanga nje udala isiko e-United States lapho abantu bethatha leso sinyathelo ngamanani abalulekile! Mhlawumbe kunjalo kokuqala.
I-ICBL ihlanganise idiplomacy nengcindezi yezishoshovu. Emhlanganweni nezikhulu zikahulumeni eGeneva, abakhankasi bahlela ukuba kuzwakale umsindo wokuqhuma kwebhomu eligqitshwayo njalo ngemizuzu engu-20, kanye netafula elibonisa inani elikhulayo lezisulu emhlabeni wonke (oyedwa njalo ngemizuzu engu-20). Izithombe zezisulu zavezwa. Izikhangiso nezitikha bekuyo yonke indawo. EFrance nase-Austria, abakhankasi baletha inqwaba yezicathulo ezingenalutho ezindaweni ezivelele. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, i-ICBL yasiza ukuthuthukisa umphakathi oyisishoshovu lapho yayingakaze ibe khona.
UWilliams kwadingeka abhekane nakho konke ukuhlukana okujwayelekile okuvela enhlangano. Abanye baphikisana nezindleko zemihlangano lapho kudingeka imali โyomsebenzi wangempelaโ wokukhipha amabhomu agqitshwayo. "Bakwazile ngandlela thize ukugwema ukuqonda ukuthi, ngaphandle kwengcindezi edalwa yimihlangano, bekungeke kube nentshisekelo yokubeka imali yokususa imayini."
Ngo-1996, iCanada yahola ekuphakamiseni ukusayina isivumelwano sokuvala amabhomu agqitshwayo ngo-1997. Izizwe ngezizwe zizibophezela. Kodwa i-United States yenza ubude obumangalisayo ukuzama ukucekela phansi inqubo. Emhlanganweni owawuse-Oslo, izishoshovu zahlela ukuba osomaqhinga bangene esakhiweni besebenzisa inkundla yezimayini ezilingisayo, futhi babhekane nezisulu zamabhomu agqitshwayo lapho sebengenile. Ingcindezi yayikhula ngendlela efanele, kodwa "izinga kanye nonya lobuxhwanguxhwangu base-US. kwakunzima ukukuqonda."
UWilliams wakha umfutho wesidingo esicacile: "akukho zikhala, akukho okuhlukile, futhi akukho ukubhuka." Kepha amazwe aseMelika ahlomile anamandla futhi acishe aphendukela iCanada ngokumelene nesinyathelo sayo. I-ICBL yaqala ukubiza iCanada ngesifunda sama-51. Ama-Props ahlekisa iCanada njengoba kudlula osopolitiki baseCanada abasekela ukuvinjelwa. "Uhulumeni wakho wenzani?" UWilliams wafuna isikhulu saseCanada. "Uqale konke lokhu! Uma iCanada igebenga, sizothosa esidlangalaleni ungqongqoshe wakho wezangaphandle."
Kwabe sekufika uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel, futhi uWilliams waduma ebiza uMongameli uClinton ngokuthi u-wenie ngokwenqaba ukusekela ukuvinjelwa. Kwakuwumklomelo wokuthula owasiza ngempela umnyakazo, kanye nomklomelo wokuthula owamukela lowo owasabela ngendlela efanele, ezinikezela kabusha ekuthuleni.
Kwabe sekufika isivumelwano sokuvala amabhomu agqitshwayo. Kwabe sekulandela ukuhambisana nayo ngokuphelele, okuhlanganisa ne-United States engakasayini.
Enkulumeni yakhe kaNobel, uWilliams uthe kungokokuqala ukuthi abaholi bohulumeni balalele isicelo somphakathi. Lokho kuyiqiniso, akulona iqiniso. Okuhlukile kuhlanganisa Agasti 27, 1928, lapho izizwe zomhlaba impi evinjelwe. Kodwa ukwenzeka okunjalo kuyivelakancane kakhulu, futhi umbuzo uwukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ukuthi kwenzeke futhi. Izikhali ze-laser ezimpumputhe zavalwa ngo-1996, namabhomu eqoqo ngo-2008.
Kunenhlangano manje eyakhayo yokuzama ukuvala ama-drones azimele. Kukhona ukufana lapho namabhomu agqitshwayo, uma umuntu ecabanga ngawo womabili njengokubulala ngaphandle kokubona komuntu. Nokho, umkhaya ovakashelwe imicibisholo yesihogo somlilo ngeke ube nandaba noma umuntu uciphize inkinobho. Futhi ukucasuka kwalabo abahlala ngaphansi kwama-drones abazizwa ikakhulukazi ezindizeni ezinganamuntu akunayo indawo yokukhula uma lawo ma-drones ekwazi ukuzimela. Ukubulawa kwabantu nge-drone sekuvele kubukeka njengokubulala, ngisho nakwabaningi baseMelika, ngendlela ukubulawa okuningi empini akwenzi. Kungani, ngiyamangala, akufanele yini ukunyakaza kube njalo vimbela ama-drones ahlomile?
Noma ingabe ukunyakaza mhlawumbe kufanele kube ukuphoqelela ukuvinjelwa kwempi? Mhlawumbe ngandlela thile ukunyakaza okuyingxenye ngokumelene nezakhi zempi kufanele kuqale ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kokuqedwa ngokuphelele endleleni. Inhlangano yokuvimbela izizinda zamasosha emazweni angaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, ingaqhutshwa ngefilosofi emelene nempi. Kunoma ikuphi, singakwazi ngokuqinisekile ukufunda ngendlela engcono kakhulu eya phambili ngokucosha incwadi kaWilliams futhi sizibandakanye kokuncane kwalowo mkhuba uMongameli Obama awunyanyayo: ukubheka emuva.
Izincwadi zikaDavid Swanson zihlanganisa "Impi Ngamanga." Ubhalisa ku http://davidswanson.org futhi http://warisacrime.org futhi isebenzela http://rootsaction.org. Uyabamba I-Radio Nation Nation. Mlandele ku-Twitter: @davidcnswanson futhi I-FaceBook.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela