BS: Ukukhumbula kanjani ukwakhiwa kweVancouver Parecon Collective? Iyiphi indima oyidlalile?
CS: Hhayi-ke, iqoqo lethu laqala ngokuzenzekela kwase kuba umzamo wokuzicabangela wokuhlela. Kade ngikhuluma nabantu abaningi iminyaka mayelana nentshisekelo yami ku-Parecon - izishoshovu, abahleli nabanye - futhi ngolunye usuku lapho ngibheka i-imeyili yami ngathola umyalezo ovela kumfana ogama lakhe linguMatt Grinder owayenesixhumanisi se-ZNet kanye nesizindalwazi sakhe siqu. ekugcineni komyalezo wakhe. Nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ngaya ekhasini lakhe eliyisiqalo futhi ngathola ukuthi wayenesithakazelo esinamandla kuParecon. Wayenikeze izinkulumo ezimbalwa enyuvesi yakhe, i-University of British Columbia (UBC), wayesungule iqembu lokufunda futhi waze wenza ngisho nesethulo samandla ezingxoxo zakhe. Ngokushesha ngabhala uMatt ngizwakalisa isithakazelo sami ku-parecon futhi sahlangana ukuze sithole ikhofi ukuze siqale ukuxoxisana. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho uMatt wacelwa ukuba enze inkulumo yabafundi baseSimon Fraser University (SFU). Ngokushesha sahlangana ukuze sibhale kabusha iphoyinti lakhe lamandla, sithuthukise amaflaya, isizindalwazi, uhlu lwamakheli, njll.
Leyo nkulumo yokuqala samemezela iqoqo lethu. Kwakuwubusuku engingasoze ngalukhohlwa ngempela kimi ngoba kwakumnyama futhi linetha kakhulu ngaphandle; bekuneminye imicimbi yezishoshovu eyenzeka kulo lonke idolobha - bengingalindele abantu abaningi kakhulu. Sibe nethuba kubantu abayi-12-15 ngengxoxo emnandi kakhulu. Sibe nabantu ababhalisele uhlu lwethu lwamakheli futhi bathathe amaflaya ethu ngakho sazizwa saneliseke kakhulu ngomphumela wakusihlwa.
Ngemva kwalokho kwaba khona ukuboniswa kokuqala kwefilimu ethi "The Corporation"; sakha itafula endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi ukuze sibhale amapheshana futhi sibhalisele abantu ohlwini lwethu lwamakheli. Sakwenza lokhu cishe izinsuku ezine. Besifuna ukunikeza abantu enye indlela yokuhwebelana kwezinkampani, ubunxiwankulu kanye nezigaba zezinkampani. Lo mcimbi usinike ukufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zangempela zabantu abafuna enye indlela. Sanikezwa lokhu kuvezwa ngoqwembe lwesiliva futhi sasizakala ngakho. Konke lokhu kwaba yisisekelo esihle sokufinyelela kwethu kokuqala, kulandela imicimbi nokukhangisa.
Ngokwami, ngicabanga ukuthi ngidlale indima eshiseka kakhulu njengoba ngokuvamile ngingumuntu onethemba futhi onethemba, njengoba ngicabanga ukuthi kunesizathu sokuba njalo. Ngihlala nginogqozi ngoba maningi amathuba okumela ama-parecon kanye nokusetshenziswa. Abantu bebelokhu bephuma 'emsebenzini wokhuni' ukuze bakhulume, futhi kube nesithakazelo esikhulu kuma-parecon. Kodwa-ke futhi, kungani bekungeke kube khona?
BS: Yini eyakuqala "ku" Parecon? Yini ebangele intshisekelo yakho?
CS: Ngikhumbula okokuqala ngisuka eCalifornia ngiya eCanada futhi ngisebenza efekthri kagogo yokufekethisa. Ngangingumqhubi wemishini yokufekethisa iminyaka engaba yisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa. Njengoba ngiba ngcono emsebenzini ngaba nesikhathi esithe xaxa sokufunda. Ngalesi sikhathi bengingumsebenzisi ojwayelekile we-ZNet futhi ngibhalisele iZMagazine. Bengihlale ngithanda umbono kaMichael Albert kanye noRobin Hahnel - banginika ithemba. Ngithole ukuthintana kwami โโnesingeniso nemodeli ye-parecon nge-ZMag/Net kuyakhuthaza, ngakho ngaqala ukuthola izincwadi zikaMichael noRobin. Okokuqala, "Okubheke Phambili: I-Economics Ebamba Iqhaza Yekhulu Le-21", bese kuthi "Yini Okumele Kungaqediwe", incwadi yokuqala kaMichael. Ngemva kwalokho ngafunda incwadi ethi โUn-Orthodox Marxismโ kanye nemiqulu emibili ethi โMarxism and Socialist Theoryโ nethi โSocialism Today and Tomorrowโ neminye eminingi. Ngalesi sikhathi ngiphinde ngathatha incwadi kaStephen Shalom ethi "Socialist Visions", incwadi enhle kakhulu nesabalulekile kakhulu. Ngakwenza konke lokhu kufunda nokutadisha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi engangisiphuthile emsebenzini nalapho ngisebenza efektri nakweminye imisebenzi. Lapho ngifunda mayelana nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo, ukuzilawula, ubumbano, ukulingana, ukwehlukahlukana kanye nenkokhelo yomzamo nokuzidela ngangizizwa ngidabukile ngokusebenza emsebenzini wami ophindaphindayo, onzima, ngithatha ama-oda futhi ngihlale nginomuzwa wokuthi ngingasiphatha kanjani kahle isikhathi sami emsebenzini. . Futhi-ke kwangithinta kakhulu ukuthi, uma ngangizizwa ngale ndlela ngomsebenzi wami, izigidi zabanye abasebenzi nazo kumelwe zizizwe ngale ndlela; izizukulwane ezilandelanayo cishe ziye zabhekana nento efanayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Iningi labantu, ngeqhaza lalo njengabasebenzi, ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlelwe njengezigaba zezinkampani, esikhathini esidlule, ikusasa lamanje nelibonakalayo, baphucwe ikhono labo lobuntu namandla okudala okuzilawula bona ngokwabo; hhayi ezindaweni zokusebenza kuphela, kodwa nasezikhungweni zomphakathi kabanzi. Asinawo umbono wokuthatha izinqumo ngokulingana nendlela esithinteka ngayo, asinakho ubumbano lwendawo yokusebenza futhi kusaqhubeka nokubusa kwesigaba sabasebenzi ngabaxhumanisi kanye nezigaba zonxiwankulu abangabanikazi nabalawula impahla yomphakathi ekhiqizayo. Kubunxiwankulu, ukukhangisa kudlulisa ulwazi olungamanga, indima yesikhungo yomthengi nomthengisi emakethe ixabanisa abantu futhi zona lezi zimakethe zifihla ulwazi mayelana nezindleko zenhlalo kanye nemiphumela yokukhetha kwethu kwezomnotho. Umphumela womphakathi uwukuthandwa okusontekile - izidingo zethu, izifiso kanye nezidingo zethu. Kukho konke kunokuchema ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla ezizimele kunezimpahla zomphakathi. I-capitalism ihlukumeza umphakathi kanye nentuthuko yabantu futhi isinikeze iningi lethu idili.
Ku-"The Political Economy of Participatory Economics", (Princeton University Press, 1991), u-Albert kanye noHahnel babhala ukuthi "Sifuna umnotho osabalalisa imisebenzi nezinzuzo zabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle ngendlela efanele; okubandakanya amalungu ekwenzeni izinqumo ngokulingana nezinga bathintwa imiphumela; ethuthukisa amandla omuntu okudala, ukubambisana, nozwela; futhi esebenzisa izinsiza zabantu nezemvelo ngempumelelo emhlabeni esiwuphilayo ngempela, umhlaba wemvelo ogcwele izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zemiphumela yomphakathi neyimfihlo. Kafushane, sifuna umnotho olinganayo, ophumelelayo, okhuthaza ukuzilawula, ubumbano, nokuhlukahluka ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba wangempela."
Yilokhu okwangigqugquzela ukuthi ngizibophezele ekuhleleni umnotho obambe iqhaza. Kodwa kwakukhona ezinye izenzakalo ezimbili ezichazayo ezansi nomgwaqo nazo ezibonise ithonya ekuzinikeleni kwami. Esokuqala sihlobene nolwazi lwami eSimon Fraser University (SFU). Angiyena umfundi wasenyuvesi, kodwa ngike ngahlala kumasemester amabili e-SFU. Esinye isifundo sezomnotho sikaMarxist futhi ngaphambi kwalokho esinye se-'Comparative Studies in Alternatives to Capitalism'. Uprofesa walo wokugcina uyisazi sezomnotho esidumile samaMarxists okwamanje owenza umsebenzi othokozisayo phansi eVenezuela. Kuzo zombili lezi zifundo ngangizifunda zonke izinto, ngibhale wonke amaphepha, ngiye kuzo zonke izifundo futhi ngibhale izivivinyo zokugcina. Ngingene kulokhu kuqubuka kwe-Marxism ngibambelele kumodeli ye-parecon futhi ngaphuma kuyo nginganyakazi futhi ngiqiniseka nakakhulu ukuthi i-parecon yayiyikhandidethi elihamba phambili emnothweni wesikhathi esizayo wobunxiwankulu, enikeza ukuqonda nezindlela zokuqhubekela phambili lapho abanye behlulekile.
Okunye okwaba nomthelela kwaba wukujoyina iqoqo lemisakazo eshisa izikhotha ngo-1999 ukuze ngikhiqize umsakazo wezindaba zamanje emsakazweni wethu wasekhaya i-Coop. Ngangiwusana lomsakazo ngaleso sikhathi futhi omakadebona bohlelo base besungule imodeli ehlangene eyinkimbinkimbi enezinqubo ezihambisanayo zokuthatha izinqumo. Ngikwazile ukuqhathanisa lokhu nomsebenzi engangiwenza embonini yokufekethisa futhi ngathola imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi indawo yami yokusebenzela ekahle yesakhiwo somsebenzi olinganiselayo izosebenza kanjani ngempela. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami โโkulo msakazo kube yinto esondele kakhulu kimi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi yilapho ngathola khona umnyombo wemfundo yami yezepolitiki. Kodwa nge-Vancouver Parecon Collective, manje sisebenzela ekwenzeni izimiso zethu zisebenze ngendlela ecace kakhudlwana futhi ehlangene yokuzinyeza ngendlela engake ngabhekana nayo ngaphambili. Eqinisweni sinemihlangano yokucobelelana yangaphakathi yokwakha amakhono edidiyelwe ezenzelwe umsebenzi wemidiya, ukwakhiwa kwewebhu, ukubhala, nokunikeza izinkulumo. Siphinde sibe nokuhlehla ukuze singagcini nje ngokucabanga ngomsebenzi ebesiwenza kodwa futhi sibheke ekulinganiseni lowo msebenzi uhambisane nalokho esikulwela.
Kodwa, ngibuyela embuzweni wakho, ngenxa yazo zonke izizathu ezingenhla ngaba nesithakazelo futhi ngizibophezele ku-parecon futhi ngihlela ukufezeka kwayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi nabanye kufanele bajoyine imizamo, ngoba, kahleโฆ angiboni enye inketho. Ngisho ukuthi, uma kukhona ezinye izinketho okufanele sizihlole, siphikisane, sabelane ngazo futhi siziqhathanise. Uma zingcono kunalokho okunikezwa i-parecon, uma zifinyelela ubumbano olwengeziwe, ukuzilawula, ukulingana, ukuhlukahluka nokusebenza kahle kune-parecon, ngizobe ngikhomba imizamo yami ekukhuthazeni lolo hlelo. Kodwa kuze kube manje, angikaze ngizwe noma ngibone enye imodeli yezomnotho ehlukile futhi isidingo semodeli enjalo sidingeka kakhulu kunangaphambili. I-Parecon ilinde emaphikweni futhi sizama ukwenza okuthile ngakho.
BS: Yimaphi amanye amaqembu obusebenza nawo ngenkathi usiza ukwakha/ujoyina iVancouver Parecon Collective (VPC)?
CS: Bengizibandakanya futhi namanje ngisabambe iqhaza emaqenjini ahlukene nasemiphakathini ehlukene. Ngihlangane nabantu abaningi abahlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukene ukuze ngihlele ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezinkampani, enye imidiya, imelene nonxiwankulu kanye nemicimbi emelene nempi. Ngike ngasebenza esiteshini somsakazo esisebenzisana nabo endaweni emakomitini ahlukene futhi ngisaqhubeka nokukhiqiza umsakazo khona. Ngiye ngavolontiya endaweni yesinema, izitolo zezincwadi ze-anarchist, ngasebenza ezitolo zezincwadi zokubambisana, njll. Ngichithe iminyaka embalwa edlule ngihlela nomfelandawonye omkhulu wokulwa nempi eVancouver. Umsebenzi wami okhokhelwayo njengesisebenzi senhlalakahle endaweni esezansi nedolobha laseVancouver uye wangihlanganisa nokuncishiswa kokulimala okuningi, ukumela impilo yengqondo kanye namaqembu alwa nobumpofu, njll.
BS: Yiziphi ezinye zezinhlangano/izinhlangano/izikhungo (okuhlanganisa namanye amaqembu ezishoshovu, ama-NGO, izinhlangano ezithile zabezindaba, izikole, amaqembu ezepolitiki njll), i-VPC exhumene nazo?
CS: Sixhumane namaqembu amaningi, abantu bamaqembu endawo amelene nonxiwankulu basize ukusinikeza isikhala sokuveza izwi mayelana ne-parecon. Iqoqo levidiyo lezimpande zasendaweni lisisizile ngokusakaza ezinye zezethulo zethu kuma-TV aphansi aphansi izikhathi ezintathu ezahlukene. Lokho kusenze safinyelela izethameli ebesingakaze sicabange ukuthi singafinyelela kuzo. Abafundi basemanyuvesi ahlukene basize ngokubanikeza izinkundla, indawo nokwesekwa. Ngempela, abantu abaningi, abaningi babe negalelo emizamweni yethu yokumela i-parecon. Abantu abaningi namaqembu basinika indawo nezinsiza, basebenzisa eyabo indlela ukuze bethule umlayezo wethu noma basize ngempela emizamweni yethu yokuhlela yaphansi.
Ngiyavolontiya kancane kuZNet ngakho-ke bangisize kakhulu futhi bayasisekela imizamo yethu. Ngalokho sibonga kakhulu futhi siyaqhubeka nokuba njalo. UMichael noRobin baye basiza ngezindlela eziningi; ukutholakala nje ngathi ukuthi sibuze imibuzo futhi sikhiphe imibono kuyo kube umthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokuqonda nesiqondiso ekuhleleni kwethu.
Kodwa ukudlula amandla "okuxhumana" nokubheka eduze ubudlelwano beqembu nesikhungo, ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona okuthize okujulile okwenzeka lapha. Sibe nabantu abahlukahlukene abeza, bahambe bayohlala e-Vancouver Parecon Collective. Amalungu eqembu lethu kade angothisha, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, abahleli bezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, omabhalane besitolo sezincwadi, abashayeli bokulethwa kokudla okuphilayo, amalungu eqembu lezepolitiki, amadoda, abesifazane, abazali, ama-anarchists, ama-vegans, queers, abagqugquzeli bokulwa nempi, izishoshovu zemidiya, njll. Sinikela ngezindlela ezahlukene ezinhlanganweni, ezikhungweni, emaqenjini nasemiphakathini eyahlukene. Kungaphezu kokuxhumana ngoba, njengoba nje abantu abaningi besisizile, sidlala indima ebonakalayo, hhayi nje ekusekeleni izibopho nezibopho esinazo phakathi kwalezi zifunda ezihlukahlukene, kodwa sifuna impumelelo yazo. Impela ukuxhumana kuyenzeka, kodwa kukhona ubudlelwano obujulile obuncikene okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo engicabanga ukuthi busekelwe ebunyeni bomuntu kanye nokusizana; intshisekelo kanye nozwelo lwenhlalakahle, ukusimama kanye nentuthuko yezinhlangano, izikhungo, imiphakathi kanye namaqembu esibamba iqhaza kuwo. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kube nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwe-Vancouver Parecon Collective, njengoba nje nathi, ngokuhlanganyela kanye njengabantu ngabanye, babe negalelo ekukhuleni nasekuphumeleleni kweminye iminyakazo yokuncoma. Yilolu hlobo lokuhlela okuhle nokunesizotha engicabanga ukuthi lenza imizamo yethu yokuhlela ibe nesimeme futhi isebenze isikhathi eside futhi ifaka isandla ekutheni umnyakazo wethu ube nokwenzeka wokufeza izinhloso zawo zoshintsho emphakathini.
BS: Uma usuyingxenye yeqembu, likwazile ukwenza obukuthembile
ngabe? Sicela wandise ngokwengeza ukuthi yiziphi izithiyo (uma zikhona) ezigcine zikhona phakathi kombono wakho weqembu nalokho elikwazile ukukufeza.
CS: Ngemva kokujoyina iqembu elimelela umnotho wokubamba iqhaza, ithemba lami kwakuwukumela i-parecon ngokuphumelelayo, ukusekela amaphrojekthi e-parecon asevele ekhona, ukufaka isandla ekuqaliseni amasha kanye nokusiza ukudala nokuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo bonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngethemba ukuthi singasebenzisa amasu enguquko kanye nawokuguquguquka ukuze sisebenzise i-parecon ngezinye izindlela. Ngokusobala, umgomo wesikhathi eside uwukusebenzisa cishe ngangokunokwenzeka ukulinganiselwa kwemodeli ye-parecon esikalini esikhula njalo nosayizi. Ngezansi ngizobeka amathemba ami eqembu, imithelela yamasu kanye nezithiyo kulokho.
Kimina, isiqalo sokuhlela i-parecon ukwenza i-parecon ibe enye indlela ebonakalayo kunonxiwankulu abantu abangakhetha kuyo bese behlanganyela emzamweni wokuhlela, noma ngabe bakuphi. Angiqondile nje phakathi kwemibuthano yezishoshovu ezivele zikhona, kodwa futhi nokufinyelela kubantu abajwayelekile ukuze bandise umnyakazo. Ngicabanga ukuthi senze umsebenzi omkhulu ekukhipheni izwi. Nokho, iqiniso lihlala liwukuthi siyiqembu lezimpande zotshani. Asibona abakwaFox noma i-Time Warner ngakho-ke asinazo izinsiza ezifanayo esiziyalayo zokuthinta abantu ngasese emakamelweni abo okuhlala noma ezimotweni zabo abaya noma bebuya emsebenzini ukuze bakhuthaze ukuhlela nokuphikisa. Kufanele sisebenzise izinsiza esinazo futhi lokho kusho ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye namasu, ngezindlela ezincane esinazo, ukuze sinqobe izithiyo. Ngicabanga ukuthi senza konke okusemandleni ethu futhi senza umsebenzi omuhle kuze kube manje, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezincane esinazo. Ngakho-ke, yebo, siphumelele ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zethu eziningi kanye nezinhloso zethu futhi kumongo wezindlela zethu ezilinganiselwe, impumelelo yethu ibilokhu imangalisa, ithemba futhi ikhuthaza. Kodwa sinemigomo nezinhloso ezinkulu futhi, ngakho-ke kusenendlela ende okufanele siyihambe.
Kukhona ezinye izingqinamba nokho. Sifuna inhlangano ehlukahlukene futhi sisalokhu siyiqembu labesilisa abamhlophe abagcwele kakhulu. Lokhu kudinga ukushintsha ukuze ukunyakaza kwethu kube yimpumelelo. Sike saba nabesifazane abafika bephuma abaningi bethi bazongenela kodwa abakafiki. Siphinde sibe nenqwaba yabesifazane kanye nabangemhlophe abeza ezethulweni zethu nasezingqungqutheleni zokucobelelana ngolwazi. Kodwa sisadinga ukwehlukahlukana okwengeziwe ukuze silinganise ubulili nokubamba iqhaza kohlanga eqenjini lethu. Angisho ukuthi ngiyakuqonda ngokugcwele ukushiyeka kwethu kule ndawo. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi abantu besifazane nabangewona abelungu abanalo kalula njengathi thina bafana abamhlophe, okusho ukuthi baneminye imithwalo yemfanelo kanye nokuzibophezela empilweni yabo siqu, yomndeni kanye neyomphakathi ethatha isikhathi sabo. namandla. Asihlali sinezibopho ezifanayo zempilo okwenza kube lula ngathi ukuzibophezela "emisebenzini yangaphandle kwezifundo" njengokuhlela ngokumelene ne-capitalism, futhi ngokwesilinganiso cishe kuncane ukuzidela okuvela kithi ekwenzeni lokho. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele siyeke ukwenza esikwenzayo, kusho ukuthi sinezinselelo ezicacile okufanele sibhekane nazo. Ekuhleleni kwethu i-parecon kumele sikhulume futhi sisize ekudambiseni izimo ezenza kube nzima kwabangemhlophe nabesifazane ukuthi babambe iqhaza. Sidinga ukwenza umehluko ezimpilweni zabantu namuhla futhi sithuthukise isu elinikeza ithemba kanye nombono wokuguqula isiko elibusayo, umphakathi kanye nezikhungo zokuzalana ezidala izimo zokucwasa ngobulili nokucwasa. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokufanayo njengokuhlela umnotho obambe iqhaza futhi kufanele kwenziwe uma sifuna ukwenza inqubekelaphambili ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kodwa-ke, esinye isizathu esingaba khona sokuntula kwethu inqubekela phambili kulokhu sihlobene neqiniso lokuthi asikenzi ngempela umzamo wokufinyelela emiphakathini ethile ngaphandle kwezishoshovu ezimelene nonxiwankulu noma ezimelene nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ukube besinochungechunge lomhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi, amaflaya nolunye ulwazi olukhuluma ngokuthi umnotho obambe iqhaza uzowuthinta kanjani ubudlelwano bobuhlanga nobulili, futhi ukwenza kanjalo ngokobuhlanga babo, ubulili nemibandela yocansi, singathola imiphumela ebesiyintula. Kodwa anginaso isiqinisekoโฆ Angazi ngempela. Ngiyazi ukuthi ingxoxo yalolu hlobo lokusihlelela ihlale yehlela esikhathini, amandla nezinsiza, hhayi ukuthi ize kuqala, ngoba njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ukukhuluma ngobuhlanga nobulili kubaluleke ngokufanayo njengezomnotho. Isinyathelo sokuqala kithi ukuthola abantu abahlanganyela ngokusondelana okufanayo kwemodeli ye-parecon, ukumela kanye noshintsho lomphakathi oluncomekayo. Sikwenzile lokho futhi siyaqhubeka nokwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Kodwa singakhula yini ngale kwaleli zinga eliyisisekelo ukuze siqale ukufinyelela, imfundo kanye nokumela siye kweminye imiphakathi okungukuthi inyunyana namalungelo abasebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zabasebenzi, abesifazane, imiphakathi engebona abelungu kanye neziqhwaga, njll.? Ungabona ukuthi amaqembu anezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe njengezethu angazelula kanjani aze ashabalala ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu kuyingozi engizonaba ngayo ngezansi. Ngakho-ke, ekwenzeni lolu hlobo lokuhlela, esimweni sethu samanje, kufanele sibe namasu amakhulu ngamandla ethu kanye nezinsiza.
Ngisho noma singase sisuse isidingo sokugxila kuhlanga nobulili, izinkinga ezifanayo kanye nezithiyo ziyavela lapho sidingida ukuthi singawabeka kuphi amandla ethu kanye nezinsiza lapho sihlanganyela ekuhleleni okuqondile kwe-parecon. Kusenezindawo esifuna ukusebenzela kuzo esicabanga ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa asikwazanga ukwenza inqubekelaphambili enkulu kuzo. Lezi zindawo ziwukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi nezikhungo zangempela ukuze sincome imizamo yethu ebanzi yokuhlela, imfundo kanye nokumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindaba zamasu ezisengozini. Sesinesikhathi eside sisetafuleni ithuba lokungenela inqubo yepolitiki kamasipala waseVancouver. Kukhona abanye eqenjini abangeke banikele isikhathi namandla abo kulokhu ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukungena ohlelweni olunjalo kungase kuhambisane nemigomo nezifiso zethu, kanye nezinye izizathu eziningi ezinhle. Kukhona abanye abacabanga ukuthi kungaba iqhinga lokuhlela ngezinga elikhulu noma ukuze bathole ukubonakala kalula kwemibono yethu nobushoshovu emithonjeni yezindaba evamile. Ngaphandle kwezinkulumo mpikiswano zezepolitiki esinazo ngalokhu, ngicabanga ukuthi udaba olujulile wukuthi okwamanje asinazo izinsiza zokuzibophezela ohlelweni lwezepolitiki njengesu lokumela i-parecon futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sihlale simatasa ohlotsheni lokuhlela. ebesikwenza (noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuhlela ngaleyo ndabaโฆ) Asinazo izinsiza. Ukube besinazo izinsiza besizoba nemibandela evumela ukuthi kube khona ukuhlukahluka kwamasu kanye nezinketho zamaqhinga ngaphakathi kwemizamo yethu esiyiqoqo. Amalungu ayiqoqo aphikisana nokuzibandakanya kwezombusazwe zomasipala angaphuma ngaphandle kokuyekethisa imizamo yabanye eqenjini abafuna ukuqhubekela phambili nalolu hlelo. Labo abaseqoqweni abaphikisana nokubamba iqhaza kwezombusazwe zomasipala bangalandela eminye imigudu yokumela i-parecon ukuze ukuhlela kwethu kufake izinhlobonhlobo zamasu namaqhinga okuncoma - lokhu kungaba kuhle. Kodwa, akusikho esisebenza ngakho. Mhlawumbe okunye ukucabanga kwethu kuyisifiso esincane futhi mhlawumbe eminye yemibono yethu imele izicathulo ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba sizigcwalise. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi sigxile kakhulu ekuhleleni izimpande ngakho konke lokhu kuyinkulumompikiswano enempilo eqenjini lethu.
Ngale kwengxoxo yangaphakathi enempilo kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana namasu, amaqhinga kanye nokuxhumana kuyinkinga enkulu ezayo. Sihlala silwa nonxiwankulu, futhi njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ubuhlanga nobulili, izingcindezi zezikhungo okubangelwa izinkinga zethu zezinsiza, kanye nezimo ezizibekelayo. Sonke sinikela ngesikhathi namandla ethu ekuhleleni ama-parecon, asikhokhelwa futhi awukho umvuzo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuhlela kuhlakazeka phakathi kwalokho okusivumela ukuthi sikwenze isikhathi sethu kanye nezibopho zethu emndenini, abangani kanye nezithakazelo zomuntu siqu. Ngokwenhlangano lokhu kusho ukuthi sithatha ukuzidela komuntu siqu okungenzeka kungakwazi ukusimama eqenjini lethu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi noma singazama ukwabelana ngomsebenzi wethu ngokulinganayo, noma sazi ukubaluleka kokufinyelela emiphakathini eyahlukene, noma ngabe sifuna ukuhlela kwethu kuhlanganise izindlela ezihlukene zobuhlakani namasu, kwesinye isikhathi imizamo yethu iyahlakazeka futhi ihlakazeke ezindaweni ezithile. amaphrojekthi kanye nezifiso. Ukuze senze iphrojekthi yethu isimeme, futhi ingagcini nje ngokusimama, kodwa ukuze ikhule sidinga ukuguquguquka, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusungula. Ngezinye izikhathi imizamo yethu iye yanqotshwa ubukhulu bokuqondisa kabusha amandla ethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, futhi ngingasho kakhulu, siqinisekiswa izimpendulo, imiphumela kanye nokuqhubeka kwemizamo yethu. Kuhlala kubonakala kunezindlela ezinethemba zokuqhubekela phambili ngokumela kwethu i-parecon futhi kuyathembisa.
Kodwa, ekugcineni, ake ngengeze enye incazelo emfushane futhi mhlawumbe ethobekile yanoma yiziphi izithiyo nemingcele ekuhleleni kwethu. Siseyiqembu elisha kakhulu, cishe iminyaka emithathu ubudala. Sisanda kukhula futhi sinamathuba amaningi okukhula.
BS: Amaqembu amaningi aba makhulu ngokushesha kuyilapho amanye ehlala nengqikithi encane futhi ezuza amalungu ayingxenye. Imaphi kulawa maphethini ongathi alingana ne-VPC? Kungani ungathi i-VPC yagcina inephethini enje?
CS: Angicabangi ukuthi enye yalezi zinhlamvu noma amaphethini ayasifanela ngempela. Kule minyaka emibili edlule, sibe namalungu amasha abeza njalo, amanye asala "eceleni", kodwa ngokwesilinganiso sikwazile ukuheha amalungu angu-6-9 eqenjini lethu asale futhi aqhubeka nokunikela, futhi siyaqhubeka nokuphokophela ukukhula okwengeziwe. Kodwa lokhu kuphakamisa izingqinamba ezithile mayelana nezinselelo zokwakha ukunyakaza nezinye izinto okufanele zinqobe, ngale kwezinselelo ezishiwo ngenhla.
Ukuhlelela ushintsho lwezenhlalo kuyinto enzima ukukala futhi akucaci kahle ukuthi sibathinta kanjani abantu noma ngaziphi izindlela. Mhlawumbe singaphindaphinda "umphumela we-Butterfly", sishaye amaphiko ethu aphikisana nonxiwankulu eVancouver ukuze sibangele ubulungiswa bezomnotho nentando yeningi eWashington noma eWall St. Mhlawumbe akunjalo, kodwa awusoze wazi! Ngokwangempela nangokuzicabangela ngokwengeziwe, kufanele sikhethe amasu ethu ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni engase ibe khona yezinketho zethu kanye namandla enqubekelaphambili yamasu eyengeziwe. Ubukhulu beqembu bungadlala indima noma bangabi nayo - umiyane owodwa omncane ungaba ubuhlungu bangempela embongolweni uma nivalelwe ekamelweni elilodwa ubusuku bonke. Sesikushilo lokho, sifuna ukuheha abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze baphokophele ekusizeni ukuqalisa umnotho obambe iqhaza. Ekugcineni sidinga ukucabanga ngokuthi bangaki abantu esizobadinga ukuze sibawine nokuthi singakuvusa kanjani ukuhlanganyela kwabo; lokhu kungenzeka noma yiziphi izindlela eziningi. Mhlawumbe iqoqo lethu elincane lingakhuthaza abanye emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bahlelele ezindaweni zabo. Mhlawumbe ngemva kweminyaka embalwa amanye ala maqembu angase akhe inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ekhuthaza i-parecon. Ukusuka lapho, izinto zingaqhakazaโฆ
Kodwa ngale kwalolu daba losayizi, ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinto ezimbili ezengeziwe ezihlobene nombuzo wakho futhi ezihambisana nakho konke ukuhlela Kwesokunxele. Udaba lokuqala uthi: uma abantu sebefikile ukuzobamba iqhaza, sibenza kanjani ukuthi bahlale? UMichael Albert ubiza lokhu ngokuthi "Inkinga Yokunamathela". U-Albert uthi "...cabanga ngomuntu ohileleka ngokwengeziwe emibonweni ethuthukayo kanye nomsebenzi. Ingabe lo muntu uhlangana nomphakathi okhulayo omenza azizwe elondekile futhi aziswa? Ingabe uthola umuzwa okhulayo wokubaluleka komuntu siqu nokuba negalelo elikhulu? entweni eyigugu? Ingabe ujabulela umuzwa wokufeza okuthile? Ingabe izidingo zakhe zanezelwa kangcono kunangaphambili? Ingabe ukuphila kwakhe kuba ngcono? Ingabe kubonakala sengathi ufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni izimpilo zabanye, futhi?"
Sesikushilo lokho, udaba lwesibili lapha lukhonjwa lapho ukhuluma ngamalungu angaphandle futhi luhlobene, ngicabanga, "nenkinga yokunamathela". Abantu baya emaphethelweni ngezizathu ezahlukene. Lezi zizathu zingase zihlobene nokungaqiniseki noma ukungqubuzana kokuzibophezela kwezombusazwe (kulokhu ku-parecon, noma elinye iqembu, uhlelo noma isu), ezinye izizathu zingase zihlobene nezibopho zempilo yomuntu siqu (mhlawumbe ilungu elihlangene lisanda kuthola umntwana noma okuthile). Umphumela wokugcina, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani abantu besonqenqemeni, ukuthi banonyawo olulodwa ekuzibophezeleni kwezombusazwe kanye nolunye unyawo luphumile, futhi bangakwazi ukungena kakhulu noma okuncane, noma baphume kakhulu noma baphume kancane. Inselelo yomnyakazo-ke iwukuba, ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuzilawula nezindlela ezihlangene, uvuleleke ngangokunokwenzeka kulolu shintsho ukusuka kumhlanganyeli oyinhloko, ukuya ekubenimbambiqhaza ojikelezayo, ukuphuma ngokuphelele eqenjini, futhi ekugcineni ukubuyela emuva emhlambini: sifuna izimo ezibangela ukuthi abantu babambelele emzabalazweni isikhathi eside, kodwa nezimo ezivumela ukuguquguquka kwezinguquko esimweni sempilo noma ukuhlola kwezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke sifuna inhlangano ezilawulayo lapho abantu bengeza futhi bahambe njengoba kudingeka, kodwa enikeza ubumbano futhi ithinte umehluko omuhle ezimpilweni zabo ukuze babuye ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ngethemba lokuthi babambelele, babambe iqhaza eliqhubekayo - njengoba uChe esho " hasta la victoria siempre" - kuze kube ukunqoba kokugcina.
BS: Ukuqonda kwami โโukuthi i-VPC ibingenalo uhlelo lokuqasha olunolaka. Ingabe bekunesizathu esithile sombono noma umcimbi oholele kulolu hlelo?
CS: Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abantu bengase banqume ukuqala ukukhulumela i-parecon. Ukukhangwa okukhuthazayo kumodeli noma ukubuthwa yiqembu izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokufinyelela. Ngokwami โโngiyethemba ukuthi abantu bajoyine imizamo yethu ngoba bayawuthanda umbono weparecon nendlela okwazisa ngayo ukuhleleka kwethu nobushoshovu bethu namuhla, hhayi ngoba sibatshelile ukuthi yenza zonke lezi zinto futhi bayazibophezela noma bengakafiki kokwabo. iziphetho ngakho. Sifuna abantu bahlanganyele emizamweni yethu ukuze bathole izimfanelo eziyisisekelo ze-parecon okungukuthi umsebenzi olinganiselayo, izakhiwo, iholo lokuzikhandla nokuzidela kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganyela kokusabalalisa. Abantu badinga ukukholelwa ebunyeni - ukukhathalelana nokubonisa uzwelo komunye nomunye, ngokulingana - ukungabi nesigaba hhayi umthetho wesigaba, ekuzilawuleni - amandla okwenza izinqumo ngokwezinga umuntu athinteka ngalo, kanye nokwehlukahlukana - ukuthi sifuna abahlukahlukene baphile. izinhlelo ongakhetha kuzo; abantu kudingeka bakholwe ukuthi zonke lezi yizinto ezinhle.
Sisebenza kanzima ukuze sihehe futhi sivuse abantu โ ukuze sifinyelele futhi siphazamise. Ngishilo phambilini ngemizamo yethu yoku "blitz" isonto lokuqala lefilimu ethi "The Corporation". Siphinde sabamba imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi neseshini yolwazi kuzo zonke izindawo ezimpofu, ezisebenzayo neziphezulu zaseVancouver. Sibhala izindatshana, senza izingxoxo, sikhiqize abezindaba, njll. Sithemba futhi ukubamba imicimbi eminingi yamasiko nokuzijabulisa esikhathini esizayo. Kulungile, yebo, eminye yemizamo yethu inqunyelwe ngoba izinsiza zethu zilinganiselwe. Kodwa sisebenza kanzima futhi ngokungaguquki. "Ukuqasha" kuwumqondo okhohlisayo. Imizamo yethu yokuheha abantu abengeziwe ayifani nokubuthwa kwezempi noma kwezemidlalo lapho abantu beyengelwa khona ukuba babhalise futhi bazinikele ngezinxephezelo ezinjengokuvakasha, inyuvesi, ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe noma ezohwebo, okuyizinto ezinhle ongazifuna ekuphileni kwakho. Noma ngabe besinazo zonke lezo zinsiza bengingeke ngifune ukuthi kube khona ojoyina imizamo yethu ukube bekungengenxa yokuthi imodeli ye-parecon isikhuthaza futhi isazisa kanjani. Ngeke ngifune noma ubani ukuthi ajoyine uma efuna kuphela ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi noma imfundo ukuze abafake emsebenzini okhokha kangcono. Ukunyakaza kwethu kudinga ukuba wusizo kubantu futhi ikakhulukazi ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke. Ngeshwa ukunyakaza kwethu kushoda kule ndawo, okungenye inselelo okufanele siyinqobe. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono kakhulu uma abantu bangena ebhodini lokuhlela i-parecon ngoba bona ngokwabo bayavumelana nemininingwane nezinzuzo zemodeli, nethemba elinikezayo, hhayi ngoba bekhokha imali yobulungu futhi baphathe ikhadi. Uma abantu bethanda imicimbi, ama-workshops, ama-eseyi, ukubuyekezwa kanye nezingxoxo esizenzayo, uma bethanda ukuqonda okutholwe umbono we-pareconish, khona-ke, ngaphezu kokunqoba "inkinga yokunamathela", bazojoyina umzamo wokuhlela, ngoba bafuna ukuze, futhi lokho kuzohlinzeka ngokuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside nesimeme kakhulu esingathemba kukho.
BS: Ngicela uchaze ukwakheka kweqembu. Bakhona abaholi? Isebenza kanjani imihlangano? Ingabe usebenzisa ivoti leningi elilula noma ukuvumelana? Ingabe izindima ziyajikeleza noma zimisiwe?
CS: Sisebenza njengeqoqo. Sizama ukulinganisa nokwabelana ngezibopho ngokusemandleni ethu. Kodwa sonke singamavolontiya. Abantu bebonke banezibopho zobungane, zomndeni, zesikole nezomsebenzi, kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu neyenhlalo kanye nokuzibophezela kwamanye amaqembu. Ukuqinisa imizamo yethu yokuguqula impilo yesikhathi eside eyimpumelelo kufuna ukuthi sizihloniphe lezo zibopho. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye bethu bamatasatasa, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside, kanti abanye badinga ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi omningi kunabanye, kodwa ngeke ngisho ukuthi kukhona umholi noma abaholi. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinhlangothi ezimbili kulolu daba. Okokuqala, ikhono lethu lokuzilawula ngokuhlanganyela nangokulinganayo imisebenzi yethu lizalwa ngenxa yezinzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa okukhiqizwe futhi kwakhiqizwa kabusha ngokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zonxiwankulu. Abanye bethu baye baba nesipiliyoni, imfundo noma umsebenzi ngezinye izikhathi ovumela ukubamba iqhaza okungcono ohlelweni lokuhlela i-parecon, okungukuthi umhlangano ongcono, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu noma ochwepheshe. Lawa makhono kanye nethuba lokuwathola kudinga ukulinganisela. Lokhu kusiholela ongqimbeni lwesibili lwayo; kufanele sizicabangele ngokwethu futhi ngesineke senze imizamo yokulinganisa konke lokhu kungalingani, ukuze simelane nengcindezi yesikhungo sonxiwankulu ukuze sifeze izindima eziyisisekelo kanye nobudlelwano babaxhumanisi nabangaphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga ukuhlonza ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi esinika amandla nokuthi yimiphi eyehlisa amandla nokuthi iyini imithwalo kanye nezinzuzo zayo yonke leyo misebenzi. Sekunesikhathi sikwenza lokhu ngokuphazima kweso futhi sibekezela ngenkathi sijaha leli goli. Kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, sinendlela yokuhlehla ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo ngokuqondile. Sizobe sibuyekeza yonke imisebenzi yethu, sibheka izindima nemisebenzi enikeza amandla neyokuqeda amandla futhi sifune ukuyilinganisa phakathi kweqoqo lethu.
Mayelana namantongomane namabhawodi okuhlela kwethu, siba nemihlangano evamile kanye ngenyanga futhi sishintshanisa izibopho "kasihlalo womhlangano/umsizi", othatha amaminithi, ukulungiselela i-ajenda, njll. Kule mihlangano sixoxa futhi sabelane imisebenzi efana nokuphatha izincwadi, ukubhala izindatshana, ukubuyekezwa kwencwadi kanye nokwenza izingxoxo, ukuhlela amathebula olwazi, ukukhuluma ezinkundleni, ukwakheka nokugcinwa kwewebhu, ukugcina njalo, njll. Uma ngabe kukhona esikwenzayo, yisho izinkulumo noma izingxoxo njengesibonelo, zifuna ukuthi sihlangane inyanga yonke, sihlangana njengoba kudingeka.
Mayelana nezinqubo nezinqubo zethu zokuthatha izinqumo, ngicabanga ukuthi sisebenza ngokwethukela ngokuvumelana isikhathi esiningi. Kunezinkulumompikiswano ezimbalwa eziqhubekayo ezingase zivele esikhathini esizayo lapho kungase kudingeke sikhethe ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokwenza izinqumo esizoyisebenzisa. Ingabe sisebenzisa umthetho, ukuvumelana, umuntu oyedwa onevoti elilodwa okungukuthi 50 + 1, noma sibeka umkhawulo wokuvota ube phezulu uthi ku-%75 ngoba umphumela wevoti uyisinqumo esibalulekile seqembu lethu? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi angeke sonke sithinteke ngendlela efanayo ngalezi zinqumo bese sinikeza abanye bebonke ukusho okukhulu kunabanye? Empeleni, kule minyaka embalwa edlule, kusamele simbe amazinyo ethu kulezi zinqubo. Siyiqembu elincane kakhulu futhi sisathola indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lezi zinto nokuthi yini esisebenzela kangcono.
BS: Sicela uhlonze imisebenzi esemqoka eyenziwa yi-VPC futhi uchaze ukuthi uyikhumbula kanjani yenziwa. Isibonelo, uma i-VPC yenza izingxoxo ekhempasini, ungase ubone ukuthi zazihlelwe kanjani, ukwazile kanjani ukuthola indawo nokuheha abantu, ukuthi yayinjani ifomethi, njll.
CS: Njengoba kushiwo kafushane ngenhla, sihlela izinkulumo, imibukiso yamabhayisikobho, sibhala izindatshana nezibuyekezo zezincwadi, siqhuba izingxoxo zomsakazo kanye nokunyathelisa, sigcina isizindalwazi sethu, sibhalelana nabantu abaningi, siphakamisa izenzo ezingenzeka, njll. Noma ngabe kuyini, sixoxa ngakho njenge ingxenye ye-ajenda yethu emhlanganweni wethu ovamile wanyanga zonke. Ukusuka lapho sabela abantu izindima noma imisebenzi okumele bayenze. Lokhu kungase kube noma yini kusukela koletha amashidi okubhalisa e-parecon kanye nesimemezelo ethebula lethu lolwazi, kuya kubani ozothatha izithombe noma aqophe umsindo noma ividiyo yomcimbi, noma ubani ozokwethula isethulo noma enze interview. Ukuthi abantu babelwa kanjani imithwalo yemfanelo kunganqunywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nangezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuhlobene nokuba khona kwamalungu ayiqoqo, ukujwayelana noma ubudlelwano nomuntu noma iqembu esisebenza nalo, izinzuzo noma imithwalo yemisebenzi eyahlukene kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo ngokulinganayo; ikhono noma ulwazi endaweni ethile; kungase kube yithuba lokufunda nokufundisa amalungu eqoqo ngezinto esifuna ukuzifunda noma ukwazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Kunezendlalelo eziningi kuyo futhi senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuzihlola ngokuqaphela kukho konke ukuhlela kwethu.
BS: Yiziphi ezinye zemibhalo ewumongo, izincwadi, izindatshana, njll ozwa sengathi i-VPC ithathe kuyo? Yimiphi imibhalo echaza ukwakheka kweqembu ngokwalo? Amalungu amasha afunde kanjani ukuthi iqembu lalihlelwa kanjani?
CS: Kumelwe ngisho ukuthi imizamo ehlanganyelwe kaMichael Albert noRobin Hahnel ethi "Looking Forward: Participatory Economics for the 21st Century" ibe umbhalo oyinhloko engicabanga ukuthi cishe sonke, uma kungeyena wonke umuntu, esifundile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, mina ngokwami โโngizifundile eziningi zezincwadi zabo, uma kungezona zonke. Kodwa, anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi wonke umuntu ufunde ini, noma ukuthi lokho kubaluleke kangakananiโฆ Anginasiqiniseko sokuthi yimiphi imibhalo echaza ukwakheka kweqembu. Ngokusobala umbono wezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo, inkokhelo yomzamo nokuzidela, imikhandlu yabasebenzi ehlanganisiwe kanye nabathengi kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganyela okuhlukaniselwe izindawo, kucaciswe kaningi ezincwadini nasezindabeni eziningi ze-parecon, yazisa ukuhlela kwethu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokuchaza izici, ngicabanga ukuthi ama-nuances achazwa ngolwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu namakhono esiwaletha ngamunye eqenjini futhi lokhu kubuye kwazise ukuthi nathi sizihlela kanjaniโฆ.
Kukhona futhi ingxenye yemfundo enamandla kakhulu ekuhleleni kwethu. Sonke sixoxa nge-parecon ngokucacile kakhulu ingxenye enkulu, futhi izici zesikhungo namanani e-parecon azisa ngakho konke esikwenzayo. Sibuzana imibuzo futhi siyalalelana ezingxoxweni esizinikezayo futhi sifundana ama-eseyi, izingxoxo nezibuyekezo futhi sinikezane impendulo. Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi sici sokuhlela kwethu cishe sibaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yimiphi imibhalo ethile.
Mayelana nokuthi amalungu amasha afunda kanjani ngesakhiwo sethu senhlangano, kahle-hle, emhlanganweni wabo wokuqala senza ukuqondiswa okushesha kakhulu nokungcolile eqenjini lethu, uhlobo lwemicimbi nokuhlela esikwenzayo, umhlangano wethu omkhulu wanyanga zonke, i-ajenda yethu, ukuzungezisa umsizi womhlangano. , ukuthatha umzuzu, njll. Sihlala sivulekele ukwenza izinto ngempumelelo kakhudlwana noma ngempumelelo ngakho-ke uma noma ubani engaba nemibono engcono yokuthi izinto zenziwe kanjani, kunokuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho kuqondiswa kokuqala siqhubeka nezinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla futhi siqhubekela phambili ukusuka lapho...
BS: Yimiphi eminye iminyakazo ongabona iParecon iwela kuyona? Ungasho yini ukuthi inhlangano yeParecon igxile kakhulu ekusabalaliseni ingcebo noma ukungalingani kwamandla (kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili)?
CS: Siyiqembu elimelene nonxiwankulu elikhuthaza ukushintshwa konxiwankulu ngomnotho obambe iqhaza. Kukhona kokubili umehluko nokufana phakathi kwengcebo namandla, futhi i-parecon isiza ukucacisa lokhu futhi ifune Ukusabalalisa Kwabo Okufanelekile. Kodwa i-parecon ingaphezu kwalokho futhi. Simelene nohlelo lwe-capitalism - ubunikazi obuzimele bezimpahla ezikhiqizayo, izigaba zezinkampani, izimakethe kanye nenkokhelo yenhlanhla, amandla okuxoxisana noma amandla anonya. Inhlangano yezomnotho ebambe iqhaza kufanele ibe nezinhloso zamasu ezifuna ubumbano, ukuzilawula, ukulingana kanye nokwehlukahlukana nabanye ababambiqhaza bezomnotho kanjalo nabantu kanye nokunyakaza kuzo zonke izigaba zempilo. Kungaphezu "kokuwela" kweminye iminyakazo ngoba umnotho empeleni udlulela futhi uthinte eminye imikhakha yempilo, njengoba nje neminye imikhakha yempilo idlulela futhi ithinte ezomnotho - imikhakha ehlukene yomphakathi ingancoma, yamukeleke futhi "ikhiqize kabusha ngokuhlanganyela" yodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekufuneni uguquko lwezenhlalo emkhakheni owodwa sidinga futhi ukufuna uguquko lwezenhlalo kuzo zonke izinhlaka - izinhlangano zomphakathi zincike komunye nomunye.
Emnothweni, singakwazi ukubonana namaqembu amaningi akhuthaza ubulungiswa kwezomnotho kanye nentando yeningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinobudlelwane namaqembu amaningi amelene nonxiwankulu naphikisana nokugunyazwa, inhlangano emelene nokuhwebelana kwezwe, inhlangano yezohwebo enobulungiswa, inyunyana, izinhlangano zokubambisana, izinhlangano zamalungelo abasebenzi kanye nentando yeningi yabasebenzi, njll. Umbono we-parecon nawo umayelana nokunika amandla ukuzilawula kwabathengi ngokusebenzisa imikhandlu yabathengi kanye nemifelandawonye yabo. Ngakho-ke siphinde sihlonze nabakhulumeli bamalungelo abathengi, amadlelandawonye wabathengi, ukuthengwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, ukulebula ukudla kwe-GMO, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuphilayo kanye nezinqubo zokudla eziphephile, njll. Ngempela ngicabanga ukuthi noma yini nanoma ubani othintwa ukwabiwa kwempahla namasevisi okukhiqiza noma ukusetshenziswa. kufanele ikwazi ukuthola ukuhambisana nemodeli ye-parecon futhi ngokufanayo ngicabanga ukuthi labo abamele i-parecon kufanele bakwazi ukubambisana nalokhu kunyakaza okuhlukahlukene.
Kodwa njengoba i-parecon ingumbono womkhakha owodwa womphakathi - umnotho, abesifazane, intsha, abantu abavela emiphakathini ye-GLBTQ, abangebona abelungu kanye nezazi zemvelo kufanele babone ukuthi izici zesikhungo ze-parecon zingathuthukisa kanjani izimpilo zabo. Futhi abagqugquzeli be-parecon bangaqhubekela phambili ngokubona ukuthi umbono wamasiko, umbono wokuzalana, umbono wezepolitiki kanye nombono wezemvelo ungancoma futhi ufundise imizamo yethu futhi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, futhi, inhlangano ye-parecon kufanele ibe nezinhloso zamasu zokufuna ubumbano, ukuzilawula, ukulingana nokuhlukahlukana kwabantu kanye nokunyakaza kuzo zonke izigaba zempilo nokuthi impumelelo yesikhathi eside yoshintsho lwezenhlalo kunoma yimuphi wale mikhakha incike impumelelo yesikhathi eside yoshintsho lwenhlalo kuyo yonke le mikhakha. Abantu abahlela ngokuqondisa kwe-parecon bazofuna ukwakha ukunyakaza kobumbano okukhombisa uzwelo, ukukhathazeka kanye nokweseka imizabalazo yokulwa nokucwasa ngobulili, ukuzonda abantu abathandana ngobulili obufanayo, ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye nokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi kanye nemvelo. Izokweseka imizabalazo yamazwe ngamazwe yokulwa nezimpi kanye nokuhwebelana kwezinkampani zomhlaba kanye nokuzimela kwezwe. Inhlangano ye-parecon iwukuzilawula futhi ibambe iqhaza okusho ukuthi iphikisana nokubusa kwesigaba phakathi kokunyakaza kwethu ngama-vanguard, isigaba somxhumanisi, noma onxiwankulu. Sifuna ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi okunokulinganisela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sethu sokunyakaza lapho wonke umuntu efaka khona izinqumo ngokulingana nendlela abathinteka ngayo. Umnyakazo osuselwe ku-parecon ufuna ukulingana. Sifuna ukwehlisa igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu. Kodwa futhi sifuna ukuqaphela imizamo nokuzinikela kwabahlanganyeli bombutho wethu, okwenza imizamo yezishoshovu iqhubeke futhi ibe nomvuzo, okwenza ukuzinikela nokuhlanganyela kwesikhathi eside. Futhi inhlangano yama-parecon ihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kobulili, ubulili, izinhlanga, izinkolo nezindlela zokuphila. Lokhu kufanele kube ubudlelwano phakathi kwenhlangano ye-parecon kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi.
BS: Ngaphandle kokuba yingxenye ephambili yenhlangano yeParecon, ungasho ukuthi i-VPC yayiyinhlangano yomazisi (IE, ezama ukusho ukuthi ungubani), inhlangano yamalungelo (IE, amalungelo abasebenzi), inhlangano ezama ukuphumela obala. ukwakha umphakathi wesikhwama olingana kakhulu kunowethu), inhlangano yeSocialist, i-Anarchist movement noma inhlangano yezinguquko? Sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukuxuba nokufanisa izigaba noma uqhamuke nezakho. Kungani lokho/lokho?
CS: Ukulwela ubunikazi obumelene nonxiwankulu kubonakala kuyinhlekisaโฆ Ibukeka kanjani i-anti-capitalist? Ingabe zibukeka njengoChe, Mao, Lenin, Luxembourg, Goldman, Angela Davis noma Bobby Seal? Ingabe zibukeka njengesigaba sabasebenzi futhi isigaba sabasebenzi sibukeka kanjani? Impela ungababona abantu abathintwe yila mathonya, ngendlela abagqoka ngayo noma abakhuluma ngayo noma okuthize. Kodwa akekho ozuza noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezinkulu zangempela kunoma yimuphi umzamo onjalo, uyazi noma cha. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuba "ne-anti-capitalist identity"? Umuntu onjalo noma iqembu labantu alisoze lazuza izigidi zamaRandi noma libe abenzi bezinqumo abanamandla nabanamandla. Bangase futhi bakhumule imaski yabo futhi bazame ukukhuphuka izikhundla zenkampani noma ukukhahlela, ukuklwebha, ukudonsa futhi ukushaya indlela yabo ekungeneni ezinhlwini zezikhulu zonxiwankulu, baphumelele kakhulu ekuzuzeni ingcebo, amandla kanye nelungelo. Lokho kungabonakala kuwukusebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo isikhathi namandla abo. Kungani noma yiliphi iqembu labantu lingenza sengathi limelene nonxiwankulu? Noma yiziphi izinzuzo zingaba zincaneโฆ.
Inhlangano yamalungelo? Cha, ngingasho ukuthi, nakuba singase silwele izinguquko ezithuthukisa amalungelo ahlukahlukene, sithi izimo zokusebenza ezingcono, ukuchitha imali eningi ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle, njll, sifisa ukuba inhlangano yoguquko, hhayi ngamazwi, kodwa ngokufuna ukuguqulwa okuyisisekelo. imiphakathi echaza izikhungo kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi: ezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezamasiko, nezobudlelwane. Sifuna ukuwashintsha sibe nento entsha nekhululayo, iParecon iyimpendulo yethu yokuthi singawuguqula kanjani umkhakha wezomnotho.
Ingabe siyi-utopian? Ukuhlela nokuzabalaza ukuqeqesha amaxoxo ukuthi adlale upiyano noma izinyoni ukugibela amabhayisikili kuyinto evamile, ngoba izinyoni namaxoxo awasoze abe namandla afanayo nawabantu. Ukuhlela kanye nokuzabalaza ukulinganisa umsebenzi wakho kokubili okufiselekayo kanye nokunika amandla ngendlela yezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselayo, ukulwela iholo lokuzikhandla nokuzidela, nokulwela ukubamba iqhaza okwengeziwe kwezomnotho ngendlela yemikhandlu yabasebenzi ehlangene nemikhandlu yabathengi kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganyela okuhlukaniselwe; ukulwela ubumbano olwengeziwe, ukuzilawula, ukulingana kanye nokwehlukahlukana akuyona into ephusile. Kuyiqiniso futhi kuhloniphekile futhi ngokungananazi ukusinda komuntu kungase kuncike kukho. Akugcini lapho, kungumthwalo wethu ukuzama ukushintsha umhlaba ube ngcono njengoba sazi ukuthi kunendlela engcono. Kuzodingeka ube nesizathu esihle sokungazibophezeli ekuhleleni umnotho obambe iqhaza. Angikaze ngizwe isizathu esisodwa esihle kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqale ndawana thize, noma ngabe zincane kangakanani izinyathelo zethu zokuqala - noma ngabe, njengoba ukubiza kanjalo, "umphakathi wephakethe". Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izivivinyo zokuqala zincane kangakanani, ngemva kokuzicwenga nokuzithuthukisa, kufanele sizame ukukhulisa isikali nobubanzi bombono wethu. Lokhu kungaba noma yini kusukela kumnyakazo wotshani, indawo yokusebenza noma isilingo sasembonini, umphakathi, indawo, umasipala, isifunda, isifundazwe noma isifunda, izwe lonke, noma umhlaba wonke. Kufanele siqale ndawana thize; kuyiqiniso elilula nje.
Inhlangano yezenhlalakahle? Kuya ngokuthi usho ukuthini nge-socialism. Uma uqonde uhlobo lwendabuko lwe-socialism yomxhumanisi okwenzeka ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union noma eShayina, impendulo ingucha. Uma uqonde uhlobo lwentando yeningi, yokubamba iqhaza noma i-libertarian socialism enezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganayo, inkokhelo yomzamo nokuzidela kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanganyela okuhlukaniselwe indawo, impendulo inguyebo. Kodwa qaphela ukuthi le mpendulo ayincikile nhlobo egameni elithi โsocialismโ, kodwa idinga ukuthi sicacelwe ukuthi yiziphi izikhungo esiziphakamisayo uma sidingida umbono.
Inhlangano ye-anarchist? Ngicabanga ukuthi i-parecon ihlanganisa imibono eminingi yendabuko ye-anarchist kanye nokwenza. Kodwa futhi ngicabanga ukuthi i-parecon iqhubekela phambili kakhulu ekukhanyiseleni ezinye izindawo impilo yezomnotho, njengokuthi zingahlelwa kanjani izindawo zokusebenza okungukuthi i-balanced job complexes, kanye nokucaca kakhudlwana ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuzilawula: ukufakwa kwezinqumo ngokwesilinganiso umuntu athintekayo.
Inhlangano yezinguquko? Izinguquko ziyisu lokukhetha, futhi uma sizimisele ngoshintsho lwenhlalo, luyisidingo. Singazisebenzisa ukuze sizabalazele izinjongo zesikhashana, futhi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu namuhla kanye nokubumba amakhono ethu kanye namakhono omphakathi omusha, kodwa akuzona indawo yethu yokugcina. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, sifuna ukuguqula izikhungo zomphakathi eziwumgogodla - lokho kuyinhloso yesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke izinguquko kufanele zisetshenziswe ngezindlela eziholela enzuzweni eyengeziwe yezinhlangano zethu okunzima ukuzibuyisela emuva, ngoba uma ukuthuthuka kwethu kwezenhlalo kusongelwa izithakazelo eziphakeme, ukunyakaza kwethu kuzokhula. Lezi zinzuzo kufanele ziholele ekuguqulweni okuyisisekelo kwezinhlangano ezibalulekile ezichaza izikhungo - ukunqoba.
BS: Ngabe usazibona uyilungu leVPC? Kungani useyilungu?
CS: Ngiyilungu elisebenzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngicabanga ukuthi sinesibopho sokuthatha nokwamukela umsebenzi wokuhlela uma sazi ukuthi kukhona okungcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kuyanelisa futhi kuyazuzisa ukuba yingxenye yeqembu, futhi mhlawumbe nenhlangano ekhulayo, ekhuthaza umbono onjalo wezomnotho onethemba. Yingakho ngiqhubeka nokuba yilungu elisebenzayo.
BS: Ungathanda ukubona i-VPC iya kuphi maduze nje? Ungathanda ukuyibona ifika kanjani lapho?
CS: Ngingathanda ukusibona sidala iphrojekthi yesikhungo ewukuhlolwa kokuzicabangela wena kumodeli ye-parecon; mhlawumbe uhlelo lomsakazo noma okuthize, ngiyakubona lokho kwenzeka. Kodwa futhi, ngingathanda ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza lula ukuxhumana, ukuxhumanisa kanye nokwakhiwa kokunyakaza phakathi naphakathi kwamaphrojekthi e-parecon ahlukahlukene eCanada nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngingathanda futhi ukubona inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ekhulumela i-parecon. Mhlawumbe i-VPC ingabamba iqhaza ekuqaliseni lokhoโฆ Kunenani elingapheli lezindlela zokufeza izinhloso zethu. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona intshisekelo kunoma iyiphi yalawa maphrojekthi nokuthi ukuzinikela emzamweni kukhona.
BS: Nakuba senginokuningi ku-Parecon kakade, yiziphi izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ocabanga ukuthi zehlukanisa i-Parecon kwezinye izinhlelo? Yimaphi amandla nobuthakathaka obumbalwa (ucabanga ukuthi inokukodwa noma okunye)?
CS: Kunezinkinga ezimbili lapha. Enye imayelana nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo nezikhungo ezenza 'izinhlelo ezihlukile' zehluke kwezinye. Nokho lokhu kusho ukuthi sesiyazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela esizoxoxa ngazo futhi ngizokhetha ezimbalwa ngezansi. Olunye udaba ukuthi zingahlolwa kanjani. Ngicabanga futhi ukuthi kunodaba olwengeziwe engilubalule ngenhla kakade kule ngxoxo, kodwa ngizophinde ngiluphakamise njengesiphetho futhi lokho kumayelana nephuzu lokuhlola lezi zinhlelo nokuthi senzani ngemiphumela yokuqhathanisa kwethu.
Ngaphandle kweParecon, kukhona neCentral Planning kanye neMarket Socialism, zombili zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi โCoordinatorismโ. Ngizobalula izici zabo ngezansi kodwa okokuqala ngifuna ukuchaza ukuthi zihlolwa kanjani.
Ukuze sihlole sibheke ukubona ukuthi iyiphi isistimu ekhuthaza kangcono amandla omuntu, futhi ngiyazi ukuthi lolu hlobo olubanzi futhi olujwayelekile ngakho ake ngichaze. Emnothweni osekelwe ekuhlukaniseni ngokwezigaba kanye nomthetho wezigaba, izigaba zezinkampani, ukuhlela okumaphakathi noma izimakethe, izimpilo zabantu zihlupheka ngokungenanjongo ngenxa yobumpofu, impi, izifo ezingagwemeka, izifo, ukugunyazwa, njll. Ngamanye amazwi, silahlekelwa abantu ababalulekile ukunotha kanye nezinga lempilo yomuntu; ososayensi, abaculi, izithandwa, omama, obaba, izingane, abaculi, ababhali, abadwebi, izazi zefiziksi, izimbongi, omakhenikha nokunye, bonke basala ekufezeni amandla abo obuntu ezinhlelweni zezikhungo ezingakufanelekeli ukuthuthukiswa komuntu. Kuyo yomibili iminotho yonxiwankulu kanye nabadidiyeli abantu abaphakeme - inani eliphezulu lamaphesenti ambalwa abantu bomhlaba abasebenza kule minotho - babalekela ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu okuningi okuhlushwa ngezansi. Ngingaze ngiphikisane nokuthi labo abaphezulu nabo basontekile, kodwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngenxa yezikhungo abasebenza kuzo. Ngakho-ke, okudingeka sikubheke lapho sihlola izinhlelo zezomnotho ezehlukene wuhlelo lwesikhungo esondlayo, esincomayo futhi esivumela intuthuko yabantu namandla abo bonke. Ngokuphokophela umphakathi ongenazigaba ngokweqiniso singafuna ukuhlola, ukubona kanye nokugcwalisa amandla acebile obuntu alele kithina' nakwabanye. Uma isidingo sokuhlola la mandla omuntu sishaywa indiva, naphezu kwesifiso sokuqeda ubunxiwankulu noma ukuxhumanisa, umongo wesikhungo ongase unikeze ukulungiselelwa kwalo mgomo ngeke unakwe.
Indlela eqondile yokuhlola izinhlelo zezomnotho ezishintshayo yizimiso nezimiso zethu. Lawa magugu kufanele ancome futhi avumelane nomgomo obanzi ongenhla wokufuna ukuhlola, ukufezeka kanye nokugcwaliseka kwamandla omuntu. Izindinganiso esizikhethayo ubumbano, ukulingana, ukuzilawula, ukuhlukahluka, futhi kwezomnotho singeza nokusebenza kahle.
Ukubumbana kusho ukuthi siyakhathalelana futhi sibonisa uzwelo komunye nomunye. Ukulingana kusho ukuthi abantu bayakhokhelwa ngokuzikhandla nokuzidela. Ukuzilawula kuwukwenza izinqumo ngokwezinga umuntu athinteka ngalo. Ukuhlukahluka kusho ukuthi sifuna izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuphila kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlala esingakhetha kuzo. Ukusebenza kahle kusho ukuthi asimoshi izinto esizikhathalelayo.
Ngakho uma umnotho ukhula ubumbano, kuba ngcono; uma umnotho uzuza ukulingana, kuba ngcono; lapho umnotho uthuthukisa ukuzilawula, kuba ngcono; lapho umnotho ubandakanya ukwehlukahlukana kuba ngcono, yilapho umnotho ukhiqiza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kuba ngcono. Futhi yile ndlela esihlaziya ngayo izinhlelo zezomnotho ezahlukahlukene.
I-Parecon iqeda ubunikazi obuzimele noma izimpahla ezikhiqizayo futhi ithatha indawo yezigaba zebhizinisi ngezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilinganiselwe. Ingena esikhundleni sokwenziwa kwezinqumo ezigunyazayo ngezisebenzi ezizilawulayo kanye nemikhandlu yabathengi, ikhokhela umsebenzi ngokuzikhandla nokuzidela hhayi impahla, amandla, noma umkhiqizo, futhi imiselela izimakethe (noma ukuhlela okumaphakathi) ngokuhlela ukubamba iqhaza.
Umnotho wabaxhumanisi, ukuhlelwa okuphakathi nendawo kanye nobusocialist bemakethe, unobunikazi bomphakathi noma bombuso bezimpahla ezikhiqizayo, izigaba zenkampani zabasebenzi, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ezigunyazayo futhi kungenzeka kugcine noma kumiselele izimakethe ngokuhlela okumaphakathi njengendlela yokwaba. Okubalulekile lapha ukuthi abaxhumanisi baphakanyiselwe ezingeni labathatha izinqumo zezomnotho eziyinhloko kanye nabaphathi bamandla.
Abaxhumanisi banegunya namandla phezu kwabasebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, benza umsebenzi omkhulu wokunikeza amandla nowomqondo, bathola izinzuzo ezibonakalayo ngokuhambisana nesikhundla sabo esiphakeme. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izisebenzi ezingaphansi kwabo ngokuvamile zenza umsebenzi werote nowokubulala. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba izinhlobo zomsebenzi esiwenzayo zisiza ekulolongeni nasekufundiseni amakhono ethu okwenza izinqumo nokubamba iqhaza ngqo ezindaweni zethu zokusebenza kanye nasezikhungweni zomphakathi kabanzi. Ukukhuphuka kwesigaba somxhumanisi, njengabahleli nabaphathi abamaphakathi, kwezomnotho zabaxhumanisi kwathumela leyo miphakathi emigudwini yesikhathi eside, lapho abantu bahlakulela izici ezisontekile; lapho abaxhumanisi bethuthukisa khona izici zabahleli nabaphathi kanye nomphakathi wonke uthuthukisa izici zokunganaki, kuhlangene nokuhaha nokuncintisana ezimeni zesocialism yemakethe. Izinsiza zabantu nezemvelo zithunyelwa emigwaqweni emoshayo enqunywa futhi icatshangwe yiqembu elincane labaxhumanisi noma ubumpumputhe besikhungo babathengi nabathengisi emakethe. Lawa amaphutha angenakulungiseka, hhayi ngisho nobuthakathaka, kulezi ezinye izinhlelo. I-Parecon ihlinzeka ngohlelo oluphakeme lwesikhungo oludala izimo zokungabi nasigaba, ukuzilawula, ubumbano, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokusebenza kahle. Inkinga esishiyelwe yona ukuthi sinqume ukuthi senzenjani ngolwazi lokuthi kunendlela engcono yokuphila. Ngabe siphila nalolo lwazi futhi singenzi lutho ngalo, noma sigqugquzelwa yithemba namandla okungenzeka umbono we-parecon okunikezwayo futhi sizibophezele ekuhleleni? Sonke singacabanga ngemiphumela yokukhetha kwethu futhi ukukhetha kwethu kungokwethu okufanele sikunqume.
UChris Spannos uyilungu leVancouver Participatory Economics Collective (vanparecon.resist.ca). UChris uhlela izincwadi ezimbili ze-AK Press ezihlobene ne-Parecon: "Parecon & the Good Society" (2008) kanye nethi "Hope, Reason & Revolution: Debates and Exchanges with Michael Albert" (2009).
UBlake Speers ungumfundi weziqu zeSociology eNyuvesi yaseVictoria. Ithesis yakhe ethi "Organising Anarchy: The Politics and Praxis of the Vancouver Parecon Collective" iyeza ngo-2006.
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