โNgihlale ngijabula ukuzungezwa ngabantu abakhaliphile, abacebile futhi benamandla,โ kusho uSophia irobhothi ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba isikhalo esivusa imizwa kubatshalizimali eSaudi Arabia's Future Investment Initiative. Umcimbi washintsha ngendlela ephazamisayo lapho umemezela isimangalo seSaudi Arabia ngekusasa ngokunikeza โukwakheโ ubuzwe (โwakheโ ngoba kanye nobuso nezwi elikwazi ukukopisha imizwelo yomuntu, manje sidinga ubulili ukuze sibe nomphumela ophelele we-anthropomorphic). Okwezwe elinamalungelo abantu amaqembu kudala egxeka ngenxa yokungaphathi kahle kwabasebenzi bokufika, abasebenzi basezindlini, abesifazane kanye nenkululeko yokukhuluma, isimemezelo sabonakala a ukuketulwa kobudlelwano bomphakathi, okungenani kosochwepheshe be-Saudi techno-capitalist abazimisele ukukhuthaza izwe njengesikhungo senqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Njengoba uSophia irobhothi likhombisa, ukuthuthuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) baphoqe indlela yabo ekukhanyeni komhlaba wonke, becindezela imingcele yenkulumo-mpikiswano kanye nemingcele yethu kulokho esicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka. I-DeepMind yakwaGoogle isanda kuthatha uhlelo lwayo lwe-AlphaGo yokwenziwa kwezobunhloli izinga elilandelayo "elingaphezu komuntu"., ukuyiklama ukuthi iphumelele emdlalweni wakudala wecebo lamaShayina i-Go, ngaphandle kokufunda ekuhambeni kwabantu.
Ingabe inhloso manje i-AI ejwayelekile engenza noma yini? Ukubhekana nokungalingani maqondana (njengoba u-Oscar Wilde aphikisa encwadini yakhe yango-1891 ethi โThe Soul of Man Under Socialismโ) ukudalwa komhlaba lapho โubumpofu bungeke bube khonaโ; noma ukusebenzisa imishini yokuqeda umsebenzi (njengoba uWilliam Morris asikisela endabeni yakhe yango-1884 ethi 'Umsebenzi Owusizo Uphikisana Nomsebenzi Ongenamsebenzi', emhlabeni lapho wonke umuntu esebenza 'ngokuvumelana ndawonye' futhi akekho ophucwe isikhathi sakhe ngokwenza 'umshikashika ongenamsebenzi') .
I-Non-utopian utopianism
Lezi ziphakamiso ngokwesiko bezibhekwa njenge-utopian, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezifiso zentuthuko yanamuhla yezobuchwepheshe ezifinyelela kude ziyilokho engikuthatha 'njenge-non-utopian utopianism'. Ukulingana - mhlawumbe umhlaba ongenazo izigaba zomnotho okhiqiza imiphumela ehlukahlukene futhi olawulwa ngentando yeningi ngokuqondile futhi ozihlelele wona - kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bukwenza kube nokwenzeka kakhulu.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nokuphela kwempi ebandayo, iziphakamiso zezwe lapho ubumpofu bungenakwenzeka futhi ukuphila kulula kubo bonke abantu - ohlelweni olungeyona i-capitalist noma i-socialist yezwe, kodwa i-decentralized and autonomous - ziye zadlula uhlaka oludumile lokubhekisela. , futhi cishe into engacabangeki. Izifiso ezingafinyeleli kude zokulingana okwengeziwe ngentando yeningi yenhlalo kanye nesimo senhlalakahle nazo ziye zaphonswa emaphethelweni, ngakho-ke iziphakamiso ze-Keynesian zokungenelela kukahulumeni ngezikhathi zobunzima bomnotho zibhekwa njengeziqinile. โAyikho Enye Indlelaโ kuseyinkulumo ebusayo, ngisho noma ubudlelwano bezenhlalo nezinto ezibonakalayo kubantu abaningi buwohloka, futhi kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe yenza abantu babe uhlobo lwamaplanethi amaningi by 2024.
Encwadini yakhe Iqiniso Lonxiwankulu, isazi semfundiso yezamasiko ongasekho uMark Fisher wachaza umbono womgxeki wezincwadi uFredric Jameson wokuthi kulula ukucabanga ukuphela komhlaba kunokuphela konxiwankulu: โIsimo sobunxiwankulu sigcwele yonke indawo. umkhathi, ungagcini nje ngokulungiselela ukukhiqizwa kwesiko kodwa nokulawulwa komsebenzi nemfundo, futhi usebenze njengohlobo oluthile lwesithiyo esingabonakali esivimbela umcabango nesenzo.โ Osozigidigidi abakhulu bezobuchwepheshe abanqunyelwe ubuqiniso bonxiwankulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yelungelo labo lesigaba samanje. Bangaphupha futhi baxhase ngezimali amaphrojekthi ukuze eqe imingcele yempilo njengoba sazi ngenkathi iningi lizabalaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona.
Labo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nabo banenguqulo yabo ukuphela komhlaba ebizwa ngokuthi 'ingozi ekhona', lapho i-AI ibangela ukushabalala kwabantu noma ukwehla kwempucuko yabantu. Kuyinkinga uBill Gates, Stephen Hawking, Nick Bostrom nabanye abaxwayise ngayo. Lokhu kukhathazeka ngomthelela omubi ongase ube khona we-AI uma ithuthukela ezingeni elithile ithatha ukuthi i-AI evamile ingenzeka, nemithelela efinyelela kude okunzima ukuyicabanga kunohlelo lwezomnotho olusha, olulinganayo, obekucatshangwa ukuthi lusekelwe ekubaleni, wanezela ubuhlakani.
Kunezithiyo ezingathi sรญna zokuthuthukisa umcabango omusha odumile okhuthaza ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sobunxiwankulu (kanye nobudlelwano obusha bezenhlalo nezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuvamile). Kodwa izithiyo kulokho esicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka, kulokho okungase kubhekwe njenge-utopian, manje kungenzeka ukuthi kusezigabeni zokuqala zokuxega; ezinye zezinkolelo ezijule kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuthi zizowumisa kanjani umphakathi kanye nesintu, zifinyelele ngale kokucabanga kwendabuko kaWilde, Morris nabanye.
U-Ray Kurzweil, umshumayeli โoyedwaโ osekuyisikhathi eside ebumba uhlelo lokufunda ngomshini lwe-Google, uphikisa ngokuthi ukuvela kwezobuchwepheshe okunamandla kusiza ukushayela โUbunyeโ, iphuzu lapho ubuhlakani bomshini budlula abasunguli bawo abangabantu, ukuya phambili. Venture capitalists kanye namabhiliyoni okubala U-Elon Musk we-SpaceX kanye nomsunguli we-PayPal u-Peter Thiel baxhasa amaphrojekthi aphefumulelwe Ubunye.
Isimo sezulu eSilicon Valley
Kuleli qoqo lemibono ye-eclectic nekusasa (eminye yayo iyahlanya), iziphakamiso zokuhle emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nokuqeda ubumpofu, ziyavela. Esinye isiphakamiso esinjalo umqondo oyimpikiswano we-Universal Basic Income (UBI) lapho wonke umuntu ethola isamba semali esiyisisekelo, esivamile nesingenamibandela. Ku I-Utopia yama-Realists, u-Rutger Bregman wenza impikiswano eqinile yalo mbono ngokubonisa izivivinyo ezinkulu ze-UBI, okuhlanganisa 'Ucwaningo lwemali engenayo' lwango-1974-79 olwabeka u-$83m qinisekisa wonke umuntu edolobheni elincane laseCanada iDauphin Manitoba uthola imali engenayo yonyaka eyisisekelo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi lokho kungaba intuthuko enhle. Kodwa ingabe i-UBI ngendlela yayo yamanje ingaba yisinyathelo esibheke enqubekelaphambili? Izazi zemithombo yezindaba zixwayise ngokuthi wuhlelo โlokuzenzela wenaโ iSilicon Valley oluvumela abantu ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthenga izinsiza zefemu enkulu yezobuchwepheshe ngemva kokuba yonke imisebenzi yenziwe ngemishini. Mhlawumbe kuwuhlelo lwe-techno-capitalist ukukhiqiza osomabhizinisi abasha kanye neSilicon Valleys emhlabeni jikelele. Cabanga ngezwe le-dystopian lapho wonke umuntu ebhekwa njengosomabhizinisi ongaba khona oqhudelana nokubeka umbono olandelayo ophazamisayo ukuze aphile ngale kwezinga lokuziphilisa lemali engenayo eyisisekelo. โEsimeni samanje sezintoโ, u-Oscar Wilde wabhala, โabantu abenza okubi kakhulu abantu abazama ukwenza okuhle kakhulu.โ Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izinkinga eziwumsuka ezimakethe nobunikazi obuyimfihlo bengcebo kanye nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe zeplanethi, okubangela ukungalingani, azixazululeki.
Siphila enkathini lapho kubonakala sengathi, kwezobuchwepheshe, noma yini engenzeka (uma amarobhothi anganikezwa ubuzwe futhi abantu bangaphila babe yinkulungwane). Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani izinto ezintsha ezidingweni zakudala zokulingana, intando yeningi eqondile kanye nokuzibusa. Umnotho omusha we-post-capitalist osekelwe ekubaleni, nakubuhlakani bokwenziwa nakho, ungenzeka. Kodwa ukwenza lokho kube ngokoqobo kungadinga ubuhlakani bethu bomuntu obuhlangene.
UChris Spannos ungumhleli wedijithali kwa-New Internationalist (NI). Umagazini ka-NI kaNovember uthi โHumans vs robots: who will gain the upper hand?โ. Isibambo sikaChris sika-Twitter sinjalo @cspannos.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela