Akukho Ukuhlaziywa Kwekilasi
Ngaphansi kwezinganekwane zamathuba alinganayo kanye nokuhambela phezulu okudlangile, i-United States ingumphakathi ongalingani ngendlela enonya onohlaka oluqinile lwesigaba esilandelanayo nesinegunya. Njengokubonakaliswa kwalelo qiniso lesakhiwo esiqinile, cishe akulungile ukukhuluma noma ukubhala nganoma iyiphi indlela ethintekayo nephusile mayelana nokungalingani kwezigaba emithonjeni yezindaba "evamile" (ebuswe yinkampani) nezombusazwe. Lokho okujwayelekile kungasingatha inkulumo-mpikiswano yomphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kohlanga njengento ekhethwayo ekolishi kanye neziqu kanye nokwamukelwa esikoleni sochwepheshe. Khonamanjalo, uhlelo โlwefaโ lwezicukuthwane, lapho izingane ezicebile ezithole iziqu zesikole eziphakeme zithola ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kokwamukelwa ezindaweni ezinjenge-Harvard ne-Princeton, lungaphezu kwengxoxo ehloniphekile nenkulumo-mpikiswano eyamukelekayo.
Yeka indlela okuthakazelisa ngayo phakathi nonyaka odlule ukubuka umkhiqizo owodwa oyifa - uGeorge W. Bush othweswe iziqu eYale naseHarvard - uyala uMnyango wakhe wezoBulungiswa ukuthi ungenelele ekulweni nokusetshenziswa kobuhlanga njengengxenye yokwamukelwa eNyuvesi yaseMichigan. UBush wabe esethi uyasamukela isenzo sokuqinisekisa lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme (igcwaliswe ngazwilinye ngabaphothule ezikoleni ezingcoliswe uhlelo lwefa), lapho (kanye nokuncishwa okukhulu kwabavoti abamnyama eFlorida) ukweleta ihhovisi lakhe, isekela isenzo sokuqinisekisa.
Abavamile baveza ukunengeka ngesambulo sokuthi isikhulu saseMelika esinamandla okusabela uWilliam J. Bennett ngokuzenzisa โulahlekelwe imali engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-8โ embonini yokugembula phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Ayisho lutho ngokuziphatha okubi okuphezulu okuhilelekile ekunakekeleni isakhiwo senhlalo lapho indoda eyodwa izijabulisa khona ngokugibela ibhayisikili isamba semali esiphindwe izikhathi eziyisithupha kunemali etholwa abantu abaningi aphila nabo ngemishini yokugembula. (US Census Bureau, The Big Payoff: Educational Attainment and Synthetic Earnings of Work-Life Earnings [July 2002]).
"Letha Em Bush"
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokubandlululwa kwekilasi enkulumweni evamile sitholakala ku-brouhaha yesikhashana eyavela lapho uBush eklolodela abashokobezi base-Iraqi ukuthi bahlasele amasosha aseMelika ekuqaleni kwale nyanga. "Kunabanye," kusho uBush obethukuthele etshela izintatheli ngomhlaka-2 kuJulayi "abazizwa sengathi uma besihlasela singanquma ukushiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abaqondi ukuthi bakhuluma ngani uma kunjalo...Kunabanye abanomuzwa wokuthi izimo zinjalo kangangokuthi bangasihlasela lapho. Impendulo yami ithi, zilande.โ (Sean Loughlin, โBush Warns Militants in Iraq,โ CNN.com./INSIDE POLITICS, July 3, 2003, itholakala ku-inthanethi ku- http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/ 07/02/sprj.nitop. bush/indext.html).
Kwakuyisihogo sento yokukhuluma. Ngalo lolo suku uBush abhuqa ngalo, i-New York Times yabika ukuthi "inhlupho yodlame yase-Iraq ayibonisi zimpawu zokuncipha, njengoba amasosha ase-US ebhekene nama-Iraqi athukuthele futhi aziphindiselela kanye nokuhlaselwa okungalindelekile ekushiseni okushisayo. Ukuqhuma kwezibhamu nokuqhuma kwamabhomu kubonakala kuvela nhlangothi zonke namuhla,โ kuphawula intatheli u-Edward L. Andrews, โokushiya umkhondo womunyu, ukudideka, nendlala yokuziphindiselela.โ (โNgosuku Lodlame, Ukuhlasela Okuvela Kuzo zonke Izindlela,โ New York Times, Julayi 2, 2003, A16).
Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili uBush ememezele โukunqobaโ kwaseMelika e-Iraq, abantu base-Iraq abayishumi nanye baqamekela uhide lwezimoto zase-US emgwaqeni omkhulu osenyakatho neBaghdad kwathi amasosha aseMelika ayishumi nesishiyagalombili alimala ekuhlaselweni ngodaka endaweni efanayo. Elinye isosha laseMelika lidutshulwe lashona liqaphe iBaghdad Museum. (โUkuhlasela Kushiya Isosha Lase-US Lifile, I-18 Limele,โ USA Today, July 4, 2003). Umkhuzi Wezempi Ezihlangene uLt. General Ricardo S. Sanchez e-Iraq uvumile ukuthi "sisempini" futhi wanikeza umklomelo ofika ku-$25 million ngokuthunjwa kukaSaddam Hussein.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-US ibincenga ezinye izizwe ukuthi zizisize ziqukethe abantu base-Iraq ngokuphumelelayo, umsebenzi obizayo futhi oyingozi abaphathi bakaBush abakaze bafakwe ohlelweni lwabo lokubusa umhlaba. NgoJulayi 10, i-New York Times yabika ukuthi amasosha angama-31 ase-US abulewe selokhu uBush ememezele ukuphela kwempi enkulu futhi i-CNN yaphawula ukuthi amasosha ayi-1,000 XNUMX aseMelika alimala i-US yethula impi yayo. http://truthout.org/docs_03/071103C.shtml) ngoMashi 20. Baningi abashonile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi yebo abaningi bazokufa, njengoba isikhulu esinezigidi eziningi kanye nowayeyisikhulu esiphezulu senkampani uDonald Rumsfeld esanda kuvuma.
Ethuke Emangele, Afike Ephuzu
Okubancomekayo, amazwi avamile aphendule ngokushesha ngokugxekwa kwamazwana acasulayo athi โlethaniโ, ashiwo endaweni ekahle, eneziphephetha-moya zeGumbi Le-White House's Roosevelt. Sizwe ngommeleli u-Richard A. Gephardt, owathi โuseneleโ inkulumo kaMongameli โeyinkohliso, yobudlwangudlwangu. Nginomyalezo kamongameli,โ kwengeza uGephardt, enanela ukuphawula kwamaDemocrat amaningi. โSidinga uhlelo olucacile lokuletha uzinzo e-Iraq kanye nengxoxo eqotho nabantu baseMelika mayelana nezindleko zalowo mzamo. Sidinga umzamo oqinile wokwakha uhlelo lwangemva kwempi ye-Iraq hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-shoot-from-the-hip one-liners. "
โLapho ngikhonza eYurophu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II,โ kusho iSigele esingakholwa uFrank Lautenberg, โangikaze ngizwe noma yimuphi umkhuzi wezempi - ingasaphathwa eyendunankulu - emema izitha ukuba zihlasele amasosha ase-U.S.
UHoward Dean, oqokelwe isikhundla sikamongameli weDemocratic Alliance ohamba phambili, ulinganisele, egxeka uBush ngokubonisa โukungazweli ezingoziniโ ezibhekene nama-American GIs. Le mizwa eyisisekelo ibonakala sengathi yabelwe intatheli ye-Newsweek nomhlaziyi uHoward Fineman. UFineman utshele uChris Matthews we-MSNBC ukuthi uBush "wakhubeka" ngokuthi "akhulume kanzima" lapho "e-Iraq amasosha ethu azi ukuthi asenkingeni." โUmongameli,โ kwengeza uFineman, โakakaluchazanga ngempelaโ uhlelo โlwe-USโ e-Iraq, โfuthi akazisizi ngalolo hlobo lwento.โ UFineman ucaphune ekhadini leposi asanda kulithola โkumngane oyisikhulu esiphezulu e-Iraq.โ โNgikuphathele izindaba,โ kufundeka iposikhadi. โIzintatheli zisanda kubaleka kanti izindaba zangempela zisanda kuqala. I-Iraq iyisiphithiphithi.โ Bush โwayengenalo uhlelo,โ kuphawula uFineman, futhi โasinawo amasosha anele.โ
UDiane Sawyer wakwa-ABC ubonakale eshaqekile ngokuphawula kukaBush. NgoJulayi 7, wamangala lapho uJenene Tommy Franks emtshela ukuthi โuvumelana ngokupheleleโ noBush โwokuphawula.โ โWena?!,โ kuphendula uSawyer, ebusweni bakhe ebonakala engakholwa. Intatheli yeWhite House uTerry Moran, ephethe i-ABC News ebusuku, nayo yashaywa umoya. โKuthakazelisa kakhulu uDiane. Ujenene ophethe enanela enduneni lapho, โbalethe.
Indodana (izingane) ezinenhlanhla
Yize noma abantu abaningi bezwakalise umqondo ozwakalayo wokuthi ukuphawula kukaBush โakunasibopho,โ โakunandaba,โ kubonisa ukuhlela okungalungile, futhi nokungahambisani nezwe, akukwazanga ukububona ubugwala nokuqukethwe kwesigaba esicebile okuhlobene nakho kokubili amazwi kamongameli kanye nezempi yaseMelika. Kuyi-"macho" kangakanani, empeleni, ukulokotha ama-Iraqi ukuthi angakuhlaseli wena kodwa okude (kokubili ngokwendawo nangokwenhlalo), abasengozini, nabadaluliwe, ababambeke emigwaqweni nasezihlabathini zomsebenzi ongalulekwanga kahle, ongahleliwe, ophikiswayo. engase enezele, kusukela ekuqaleni iningi labantu abaqaphela ipolitiki?
Njengabaningi beminyaka yokulwa evela kumbuthano wakhe onelungelo, ocebile kakhulu, "ukuletha uBush" kugweme inkonzo yezempi yangempela phakathi neMpi YeVietnam. Ugweme ukusebenzelana kwezempi okumaphakathi kwesikhathi sakhe โngokuvela ngezikhathi ezithile e-Texas National Guardโ (u-Eric Margolis, โBring โEm, On Bush,โ Toronto Star, July 3, 2003). Enikezwa ithuba lokuveza imizwa yakhe eqinile, eNtshonalanga-Texas ngokumelene nezitha โzamaKhomanisiโ โzenkululekoโ yaseMelika emahlathini aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, wenelisa ukushiya umsebenzi ogcwele igazi nongcolile emadodaneni esigaba sabasebenzi baseMelika. Wethuka kwaphela nasozwaneni ngenhlangano okuthiwa imelene nempi kodwa wakujabulela ukufaka amasosha aseMelika ampofu kakhulu nasezingeni eliphezulu ekubulaleni nasekubulaweni ezindaweni ezivikelekile zenzuzo yezikhulu. Isimo sakhe sengqondo esiyisisekelo kanye nesimo esihlobene sathathwa ngokuphelele futhi sahlekwa usulu eculweni le-rock eliphikisana nempi laseVietnam elithi "Fortunate Son":
Abanye abantu bazalwa benzelwe ukuzulisa ifulegi,
Ooh, zibomvu, zimhlophe futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Futhi lapho ibhendi idlala "Hail to the chief",
Ooh, bakhomba inganono kuwe, Nkosi,
Akumina, akumina, angisiyo indodana kasenator, ndodana.
Akumina, akumina; Anginayo inhlanhla, cha, Abanye abantu bazalelwa isipuni sesiliva esandleni,
Nkosi, abazisizi yini, oh.
Kodwa nxa umthelisi efika emnyango.
Nkosi, indlu ibukeka njengokudayiswa kwe-rummage, yebo,
Akumina, akumina, angiyona indodana kasozigidi, cha.
Akumina, akumina; Anginayo inhlanhla, cha. Abanye abantu bazuza ifa lamehlo anenkanyezi,
Ooh, bakuthumela phansi empini, Nkosi,
Futhi uma ubabuza, "Kufanele sinikeze malini?"
Ooh, baphendula kuphela Okwengeziwe! Okuningi! Okuningi! yoh,
Akumina, akumina, angisiyo indodana yezempi, ndodana.
Akumina, akumina, angisiyo indodana enenhlanhla.
Ibhalwe ngu-J.C. Fogarty (Imvuselelo Yamanzi Ahlanzekile)
Manje, uBush, iNdodana eyinhlanhla enkulu ngempela, - ngenxa yezingozi ezihlobene zokuzalwa, ezezimali zomkhankaso, ukucwasa ngokokhetho, uwoyela kanye no-Osama (umfowabo wekilasi) - uphumelele indima ephakeme kusayensi yezenhlalo yezempi, eyabanjwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule. iculo elimelene nempi, likaBob Dylan elithi โMasters of Warโ (1963):
Awukaze wenze lutho kodwa wakhela ukubhidliza
Udlala nomhlaba wami Njengethoyizi lakho elincane
Ungifake isibhamu esandleni
Futhi uphenduke emehlweni ami
Bese uyaphenduka ugijimele kude Ngesikhathi izinhlamvu ezisheshayo zindiza
Nibophela ama-triggers Ukuze abanye badubule.
Bese uhlala ubukele Ngenkathi inani lokufa likhuphuka
Ucasha ezindlini zakho, Ngegazi labantu abasha,
Kugeleza emizimbeni yabo Futhi kugqitshwe odakeni.
Kubalulekile, nokho, ukuqaphela ukuthi uBush, uRumsfeld, kanye neqembu labo lezempi elicebe kakhulu, eligaqayo lesikhumba bathola i-carte blanche evela kuCongress yase-US ukuze baphishekele impi engekho emthethweni kanye nokuhlala kombuso e-Iraq. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, umkhankaso we-neo-imperial ubulokhu unikwe amandla, ukhuthazwa futhi uqhutshwa ngisho nayimithombo yezindaba yase-US yebhizinisi. Phakathi kwezingane zamalungu angama-435 eNdlu yabaMeli kanye namaSenatha ayi-100 (okungenani amaphesenti angama-90 alaba bangosozigidi), kuyaphawuleka ukuthi oyedwa nje - uyise wendodana yeSenatha eyodwa, eyedwa - unengane. osebenze ku-Operation Iraqi Freedom. Ayikho idatha eqhathaniswayo etholakalayo yamadodana namadodakazi emithombo yezindaba eyenza inzuzo ngempi kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani โzokuvikelaโ. Noma kunjalo, idatha ekhona iphakamisa ukuthi abaningi babo ngeke sibathole phakathi kwalabo abasebenze emzabalazweni okuthiwa mkhulu wokusindisa iMelika kanye nomhlaba kuSaddam Hussein.
"I-Military Mirrors Working-Class America" โโkanye "Ikilasi Lethu Eliphezulu Alisasebenzi"
Ubani ngempela oshayayo, ogwema futhi athathe izinhlamvu, afe, futhi abulale e-Iraq? Ngokwe-New York Times, ocwaningweni olubalulekile olwakhishwa njengoba ukuhlasela kwaqhubeka kudlondlobala, โukuhlolwa kwezibalo zabantu zamasosha aseMelika ezahlanganiswa futhi zahlaziywa kunikeza isithombe sebutho lempi elingeyona ingxenye yaseMelika.โ
Amasosha, i-Times yathola, "izibuko ze-Working-Class America," ezifana "nokwakhiwa kwesikole seminyaka emibili sokuhamba noma sokuhweba ngaphandle kwaseBirmingham noma i-Biloxi okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho kwe-ghetto noma i-barrio noma inyuvesi yeminyaka emine eBoston. โ Empeleni, โibutho lezempi labasebenzi,โ โelidinga[d] ukuba lilwele futhi lifele iMelika ecebile.โ
Ngisho naphakathi kwezikhundla zamaphoyisa, kuphawula isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu saseNorthwestern University uCharles C. Moskos, abantu baseMelika abacebile abatholakali ngempela. "Amaphoyisa namuhla," uMoskos etshela i-Times, "awamele izicukuthwane. Laba akubona abantu abazoba ngokhongolose noma izigele. Isibalo somakadebona eSenate naseNdlu,โ wengeza, โyehla minyaka yonke. Kuyakhombisa ukuthi isigaba sethu esiphezulu asisasebenzi.โ
Akukho okusalungiswa, ukuze uqiniseke, kodwa amasosha "amavolontiya" agcwele abantu abangena ngoba bentula, ngengozi yokuzalwa, ukufinyelela kumzila osezingeni eliphakathi waseMelika oya empumelelweni yomsebenzi. Isisusa esiyinhloko yithuba lokufunda ikhono nokuthola usizo lokufunda ekolishi, into amasosha ayinikeza njengesifumbathiso sokuheha amasosha.
โAkulungile,โ kuphawula enye i-Army esencane eyimfihlo ecashunwe yi-Times, โukuthi ezinye izingane ezimpofu azinakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokungenela uma zifuna ukukhiqiza ngenxa yokuthi zingayanga esikoleni esisezingeni eliphezulu, noma. babenezinkinga zomndeni ezibavimbele ekwenzeni kahle, ngakho bayahlanganyela futhi yibona abafela izwe lethu kuyilapho izingane ezicebile zikwazi ukukugwema.โ (UDavid M. Halbfinger noSteven A. Holmes, "Izibuko Zezempi Ezisebenzayo-Ikilasi LaseMelika," i-New York Times, ngoMashi 30, 2003).
Owayekade esebenziseka futhi manje osegujwa ngokusemthethweni uJessica Lynch unikeza isibonelo esiphelele. Manje elimele kanzima ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe empini kaBush, uLynch uyindodakazi yomshayeli wamaloli ovela endaweni yezimayini zamalahle eWest Virginia's Wirt County. Ingxenye yesihlanu yaleso sifunda, okuhlanganisa nangaphezulu kwengxenye yesine yezingane zaso yayihlala ngaphansi kwezinga likahulumeni wobumbano elidume ngokungenelela ekukhuphukeni komnotho wama-1990s. (I-United States Census, Ifayela Elifingqiwe Lobalo-bantu luka-2000 3 โ Wirt Country, West Virginia).
Njengabanye abaningi abasebasha baseMelika abavela eqenjini lakhe lezenhlalo nezomnotho, uJessica wajoyina amabutho ahlomile iningi labasebenzi elifuna umsebenzi ongaphezu nje kokuqashwa ngokushesha. Wayephishekela nosizo lwemfundo yasekolishi ukuze athole isitifiketi semfundo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuze aziphilise kahle e-United States, izwe elingalingani kakhulu emhlabeni onezimboni. Inkonzo yezempi iyinani yena nabanye abantu baseMelika abaningi abalikhokhayo ngokuzalwa ezikhundleni eziphansi zombuso waseMelika.
Njengoba omunye waseNtshonalanga Virginian ekubeka, โlapha eNtshonalanga Virginia, sinesibalo esiphezulu sokubhaliswa komuntu ngamunye kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kukhuluma kakhulu ngamathuba lo mnotho owanika intsha kulezi zingxenye. Imisebenzi ezimayini zamalahle ayisekho ngisho miningi kakhulu. UJessica wayengomunye wabanethemba, efuna indlela yokuthola amakhono nemfundo ayeyidinga futhi ekugcineni abuyele ekhaya lakhe alithanda entabeni. Uqinisekile ukuthi uthole okungaphezu kwalokho abekuhlosile ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa.โ (Anne Tatelin, โThe Gospel According to Jessica Lynch,โ at http://wheresmypants.net/jessica.htm)
I-Armchair Cowboy
Inkosi yomfana ototoswayo eWhite House ithanda ukuhlakulela ukujwayelana nesigaba sabasebenzi baseMelika okuyinganekwane, okungelona iqiniso. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yena nabaphathi bakhe bavame ukujikijela leso sigaba ngenqubomgomo yasekhaya ehlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwentela okuphindelelayo okubuye kudlale njengokuthile okuphuma ku-"Fortunate Son." Futhi uBush osondelene naye ufuna ukuza empini eyingozi azama ukuthi izishoshovu zase-Iraq ziqale ukulwa nabantu baseMelika abangabasebenzi uhlezi phambi kukamabonakude, ubukele kuqhunyiswa imicibisholo ye-cruise e-Baghdad noma ubuhlakani be-thespian bomlingisi amthandayo - lowo- iqhawe lesenzo se-Cold War u-Chuck Norris.
UBush uzibona ngeso lengqondo, mhlawumbe, enguNorris ophilayo ngempela, efaka ukwesaba ezinhliziyweni zalawo ma-Arabhu โamabiโ, aba nesibindi sokuhlasela umbuso okhethiwe woMlando, isikhungo โsobuhleโ emhlabeni, ngoSepthemba 11th 2001. Eqinisweni. , ungumfana osesihlalweni sezinkomo ovela emibuthanweni ye-effete yelungelo, lapho amadoda okuthiwa anamandla ajabulela ukuthumela izinsizwa futhi manje izintombi ezisezingeni eliphansi ezibhedlela zempi noma ithuna lokuqala ekuphishekeleni amaphupho ombuso azuzisa abambalwa abanelungelo. . Cha, konke akuzange kushintshe ngo-9-11.
UPaul Street ([i-imeyili ivikelwe]) ungumbhali nomcwaningi eChicago, e-Illinois.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela