Ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu, omasipala baseToribio naseJambalo eNyakatho yeCauca bahlaselwa yi-FARC kanye nohulumeni waseColombia. INorthern Cauca iyikhaya locwaningo oluphawuleka kakhulu lokumelana ne-neoliberalism kanye nokwakhiwa kwangempela kwezinye izindlela endaweni yenkabazwe, ingasaphathwa eyokulwela ukuthula enesibindi futhi engahlomile.
Impi yamanje iqale ngesikhathi i-FARC ingena endaweni ngenhloso yokubulala izimeya zomdabu zalaba masipala ngenxa 'yenkohlakalo'. Izimeya zakhethwa ngenqubo yentando yeningi eqondile, yokubonisana eyakhiwe abantu baseCauca (bona "Isifinyezo yaseColombiaโ ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngale nqubo) futhi ukumangalelwa ngenkohlakalo okubhekiswe kubo akunabufakazi. Izinhlangano zomdabu zaseCauca zicelile isenzo samazwe ngamazwe sokubavikela kusuka kulokhu kusongelwa futhi bonke abadlali abahlomile bashiye indawo yabo ukuze baqhubeke nokwakha kwabo ukuzimela.
UNoam Chomsky uvakashele eCauca ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Unikeze ukuhlola kwakhe isimo lapho engxoxweni ye-imeyili namuhla.
1) Uvakashele abomdabu baseCauca muva nje, futhi manje bashaywa kanzima kuzo zonke izingxenye- i-FARC, ama-paramilitary, kanye ne-air fumigation evela e-US. Kungani kunjalo? Ingabe lokho abakufezayo kuyafaneleka โnjengokusongelwa kwesibonelo esihleโ okumelwe kubhujiswe?
Leso isiphetho esifanele, ngicabanga.
Ngachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa eCauca, kodwa ngahlangana kakhulu nabantu abavela engxenyeni eseningizimu, e-campesinos kanye nabomdabu ikakhulukazi, nobufakazi bomuntu siqu obubuhlungu ngempela ukubulalela. Futhi wahlangana nezishoshovu ezivela emaqenjini amaningi ahlukene, abantu abahlaba umxhwele kakhulu, futhi wakwazi ukuchitha amahora ambalwa ekhuluma nombusi, uFloro Tunubala, indoda yomdabu ecabangayo, ekhulumayo, eziqhenyayo, mhlawumbe isikhulu sokuqala somdabu esikhethiwe kuleso sikhundla endaweni yenkabazwe. Ukukhethwa kwakhe kushaqise izicukuthwane ezigijime le ndawo unomphela. Kusikhumbuza iHaiti eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Ukukhethwa kwakhe kwaba ukubonakaliswa kwempumelelo yokuhlelwa kwendawo phakathi kwemikhakha edumile, i-"Bloque Social" - i-Social Bloc. Ekuphenduleni umbuzo wakho, ngizovele ngicaphune akusho engxoxweni eshicilelwe. Uxwayise ngonyaka odlule ngokukhula kobukhona bezempi enyakatho, esinye isinyathelo sokwandisa amandla abo ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseColombia. Uveze ukuthi ukuhlasela kwabo enyakatho yeCauca kube yimpumelelo yeSocial Bloc, โesizuze amalungelo ezomnotho nezindawo, namalungelo omphakathi emikhakheni yezemfundo nezempilo.โ Lokho โkwaheha ukunaka kwamasosha,โ angakubekezeleli ukuchezuka okunjalo ezakhiweni zendabuko zamandla eziwavikelayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi leyo yimpendulo eyisisekelo yombuzo owuphakamisayo.
Kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uthe, abashokobezi "bafune ukukhohlisa izinhlangano zomphakathi," futhi kusobala ngobufakazi bomuntu siqu ukuthi - ikakhulukazi i-FARC - besatshwa ama-campesinos, ama-Afro-Colombians, kanye nabantu bomdabu, nokuthi i-FARC ilahlekelwe. uhlelo lwayo lwangaphambili lwezenhlalo njengoba ukungqubuzana sekuya ngokuya kuba ngezempi. I-Social Bloc ifuna ukuhlukanisa isifunda engxabanweni, ukuze bazikhulule embuthweni wamasosha kanye namavukela-mbuso, nokulandela indlela eya ekuthuthukisweni okuzimele kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ngaphansi kokulawula kwabo. Alikho ibutho lezempi elikwamukelayo lokho. Kunemizamo efanayo ezindaweni eziningi zaseColombia, okuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi amakhulu emiphakathi, kwesinye isikhathi indawo elingana ne-El Salvador. Mhlawumbe endala iSan Jose de Apartado, eyazibiza ngokuthi iyindawo yokuthula eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, futhi ehlupheke kabuhlungu ngenxa yokwenqaba kwamaqembu ahlomile ukwamukela lokho. Bebevinjezelwe yizikhulu amasosha amasonto lapho ngilapho, ukudla nezinye izinto zazishoda, futhi isimo singase sibe muncu ngaphandle kokuthi bathole ukwesekwa kwangaphandle ngaphandle kwamalungelo abantu kanye namaqembu obumbano azama ukwenza okuthile futhi avuse amazwe ngamazwe. ukunaka.
Labo engahlangana nabo bachaza umkhankaso we-US chemical warfare (โfumigationโ) njengesinya esinonya ngokukhethekile. Ubufakazi babalimi bebucacile futhi buhlaba umxhwele, futhi ngisho nokuvakasha nje kwanele ukubona eminye yemiphumela ngokuqondile. Iningi lalabo abahlangana nabo kwakungabalimi bekhofi. Bakwazile ukunqoba ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani ekhofi (okulimaza abalimi; abasabalalisi bamazwe ngamazwe benza kahle) ngokwakha imakethe eyisipesheli ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi eYurophu: ikhofi elikhule ngokwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Lokho kubhujiswe ukufutheka, kuze kube phakade. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi zonke izihlahla zekhofi zibulawa, kodwa umhlaba unobuthi, futhi ngeke uphinde uqinisekiswe, noma ngabe ngandlela-thile bangasinda eminyakeni edingekayo ukuze kuphinde kumiswe lokho okubhujisiwe, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izitshalo: i-yucca, i-asparagus. , nokunye okuningi. Amapulazi nezimpilo zabo konakalisiwe, imfuyo yabo iyabulawa, izingane zabo zivame ukugula futhi ziyafa. Basale dengwane, bengenathemba. Okungenani ezindaweni lapho ngezwa khona ubufakazi bomuntu siqu, ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo akuhlangene kangako nokuba khona kwamavukela mbuso noma ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa - kubi kakhulu njengoba kunjalo nalawo maphrojekthi. Bekungakaze kube nomzamo wokuphenya phansi izindawo ezicekeleke phansi izitshalo. Lezi zinhlelo zibonakala zingesinye isigaba senqubo yomlando yokuxosha abalimi abampofu emhlabeni, ukuvula izinsiza ezicebile ukuze kuxhashazwe imali yangaphandle, futhi mhlawumbe zibeka isisekelo sokuthengisela amazwe angaphandle okulawulwa yizinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zisebenzisa imbewu ekhiqizwe ilabhorethri, uma izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sezicekeleke phansi. , kanye nesiko elicebile kodwa elintekenteke lezolimo zabalimi. Kanye nababusi bezifundazwe ezingomakhelwane, uTunubala ucele ukuthi kuqedwe ukufuthwa kwemfucuza, kuqedwe ngesandla kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomnotho. Kodwa lokho akuhambisani nezinjongo zabaseColombia โPlan Colombiaโ yaseWashington, ngakho-ke ayikutholi nhlobo ukwesekwa.
Kunesizinda okufanele sigcinwe engqondweni. Ngo-2001, iCauca yaba nerekhodi elibi kakhulu lokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu eColombia, okuyinto eyimpumelelo. Okulandelayo kwaba uChoco, iningi labo elidabuka e-Afro-Colombia, indawo yesibhicongo esibi lapho ibhomu le-FARC lishaya esontweni lapho abantu babephephela khona empini eyaqubuka ngemuva kokuba amasosha ahlasele indawo. Lezi yizigaba zakamuva emlandweni omubi. Kusukela kude, udlame lwaseCauca, njengakwezinye izindawo, luyingxenye yokuxoshwa kwabalimi emazweni angcono kakhulu, okwandayo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ze-neoliberal kodwa ezinezimpande zomlando ezijulile, okuholela ekuhlelekeni komphakathi ngokugxila ngokweqile kwengcebo, exhunywe nenhloko-dolobha yangaphandle. , nosizi olubi ezweni elinezinsiza ezicebile nezihlukahlukene. Lokho bekuyiqiniso eCauca isikhathi eside. I-Social Bloc ibihlehlisa inqubo, futhi lokho akwamukelekile emandleni agxilile, asekhaya noma amazwe ngamazwe.
2) Sithembeke kangakanani isimangalo sikahulumeni waseColombia sokuthi bavaleleke phakathi kweqembu labashokobezi kanye nebutho lezempi, noma yikuphi abangakwazi ukukulawula, kokubili abadinga usizo lwezempi oluvela e-US ukuze balethe isithende?
Zombili izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezaseColombia manje zithi iningi lezenzo zonya zibangelwa yizikhulu zezempi, ezisondelene kakhulu, futhi ezisobala, ezihlangene nezempi kangangokuthi iHuman Rights Watch ibabiza ngokuthi โIsigaba Sesithupha,โ eceleni kwezigaba ezinhlanu ezisemthethweni. Kunobufakazi obuqand' ikhanda bokuxhumana nokubambisana, kokubili okuvela ebufakazini obanele bomuntu siqu kanye nemibiko eshicilelwe yezinhlangano ezinkulu zamalungelo abantu, enemininingwane futhi efundisayo. Ingxenye yezenzo zonya okuthiwa ezezempi/ama-paras bezilokhu zizinzile eminyakeni edlule: cishe ama-75% -80%, nengxenye yezempi yehla njengoba ubudlova "bufuywa" kuma-paras ngezindlela ezijwayelekile kwenye indawo. Lokho kuwusizo โekuphikeni okubambekayoโ - okusobala ngokwanele ekuzenziseni koMnyango Wezwe lapho benza umkhonyovu waminyaka yonke wokuqinisekisa โukuthuthukiswaโ kwerekhodi lamalungelo abantu ebutho lezempi, muva nje okuwumsebenzi oyihlazo owenziwa nguColin Powell ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ngemuva kokwethulwa. enemibhalo eningi evela ezinhlanganweni eziyinhloko zamalungelo abantu ekhombisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukugunyazwa kungaba yinkohliso. Ukudluliselwa kwezenzo zonya ezikhundleni zezempi kuwuhlobo lokwenziwa kwangasese olungena kahle โkumodeli ye-neoliberal,โ lapho i-Colombia eyisibonelo esihle kakhulu ngokuvamile. Ukubamba iqhaza kwe-US ebugebengwini besifundazwe kuqhubeka ngendlela efanayo. Ngokukhula, kwenziwa ezizimele. Imisebenzi inikezwa izinkampani ezifana ne-MPRI ne-Dyncorps eziqasha izisebenzi zezempi zase-US futhi ezisebenza ngezinkontileka zikahulumeni, kodwa azikho ngaphansi kokugadwa yinhlangano ngandlela-thile okucindezela ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile ebugebengwini bombuso.
3) Ingabe abantu baseNyakatho Melika abakhathazekile bangasiza ngempela ukuvikela umsebenzi wabantu baseCauca? Kanjani?
Akulona ihaba ukusho ukuthi isiphetho sabo sisezandleni zethu. I-Social Bloc eCauca ingenye yezakhiwo ezimbalwa ezidumile ezweni lonke. Abakwazi bodwa ukumelana nezinsiza ezinkulu zodlame olusezandleni zezikhulu zaseColombia ezixhunywe namandla ase-US. Ngokuqondene nabashokobezi, izikhungo zamandla zingase zingawanqobi ngokwemibandela yezempi evamile, kodwa kakade seziphumelele ngezinga elikhulu emgomweni owodwa oyinhloko: ukushayela abashokobezi ukuba babe ibutho lezempi ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zenhlalo ezinengqondo, yingakho nje omunye umthombo wokwesaba kwabashokobezi. inani labantu abafuna ukuthola indlela yokuphunyuka ohlelweni lwezenhlalo nezomnotho lobugebengu kanye nodlame olugcwele oluxhumene kakhulu nalo. Lokho futhi idivayisi yakudala yobuphekula bamazwe ngamazwe obuqondiswe kuhulumeni.
Isibindi nokuzinikela kweSocial Bloc, kanye nezishoshovu ezisebenza nabo, kuyamangalisa futhi kuyakhuthaza. Kodwa isandla esinzima sokucindezela kufanele sisuswe khona lapha. Kulapha futhi ukuthi kufanele ngabe bathola ukwesekwa okuqondile ngomsebenzi oncomekayo nothembisayo abawenzayo. Ngokwezinga elithile lokho kuyenzeka, ngamaphrojekthi wedolobhakazi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zobumbano. Ukuthi lezi zinqubo zithuthuka kanjani kuzonquma isiphetho sezigidi zabantu baseColombia. Asibheki ku-Mars, futhi ngisho nengxenye encane yalokho abakwenzayo nsuku zonke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ngokungenakuqhathaniswa, kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela