Nakuba iye yabekwa eceleni ihlazo leSecret Service, iNgqungquthela Yamazwe AseMelika yangenyanga edlule eCartagena, eColombia, yaba isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu. Kunezizathu ezintathu ezinkulu: Cuba, impi yezidakamizwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-United States.
Isihloko ku Jamaica Observer funda, "Ingqungquthela ikhombisa ukuthi linciphile kangakanani ithonya likaYanqui." Indaba ibika ukuthi โizinto ezinkulu ezazisohlelweni kwakuwukuhweba ngezidakamizwa okunenzuzo nokucekela phansi kanye nendlela amazwe aso sonke isifunda ayengahlangana ngayo kuyilapho kungafaki izwe elilodwaโiCuba.โ
Imihlangano iphele ngaphandle kwesivumelwano ngenxa yokuphikisa kwe-US kulezo zintoโinqubomgomo yokwesulwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuvinjelwa kweCuba. Ukuvinjelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-U.S. kungase kuholele ekususweni kweNhlangano Yamazwe AseMelika nguMphakathi osanda kwakhiwa Wamazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean, lapho i-United States ne-Canada zingabandakanywanga khona.
ICuba ivumile ukuthi ngeke iyihambele le ngqungquthela ngoba uma kungenjalo iWashington yayizoyiduba. Kodwa imihlangano yakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ukungaguquki kwe-US ngeke kubekezelelwe isikhathi eside. I-US kanye neCanada babebodwa ekuvimbeleni ukuhlanganyela kweCuba, ngezizathu zokwephulwa kweCuba kwezimiso zentando yeningi namalungelo abantu.
Abantu base-Latin America bangakwazi ukuhlola lezi zindleko ngokuhlangenwe nakho okwanele. Bajwayelene nerekhodi lase-U.S. ngamalungelo abantu. I-Cuba ikakhulukazi ihlaselwe ukuhlasela kwamaphekula e-US kanye nokuklinywa kwezomnotho njengesijeziso sokuzimela kwayo - "impumelelo yayo yokwedelela" izinqubomgomo zase-US ezisukela emuva e-Monroe Doctrine.
Abantu baseLatin America akudingeki bafunde umfundaze wase-US ukuze babone ukuthi iWashington iyayisekela intando yeningi uma, futhi kuphela, ivumelana nezinjongo zamasu nezomnotho, futhi noma ikwenza, ithanda โizinhlobo ezilinganiselwe, ezisuka phezulu eziya phansi zenguquko yentando yeningi engazange engcupheni ukuphazamisa izakhiwo zendabuko zamandla osekunesikhathi eside i-United States ibambiseneโ[emiphakathini] engenademokhrasi,โ njengoba isazi se-neo-Reaganite uThomas Carothers esho.
Engqungqutheleni yaseCartagena, impi yezidakamizwa yaba yinkinga ebalulekile ekusungulweni kukaMongameli waseGuatemala osanda kukhethwa u-Gen. Perez Molina, okungekho noyedwa owayengenza iphutha ngokuba nenkululeko enenhliziyo ethambile. Ujoyinwe ngumsingathi wengqungquthela, uMengameli waseColombia uJuan Manuel Santos, nabanye.
Ukukhathazeka akuyona into entsha. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule i-Latin America Commission on Drugs and Democracy yashicilela umbiko ngempi yezidakamizwa ngo-Fernando Henrique Cardoso wangaphambili waseBrazil, u-Ernesto Zedillo waseMexico, noCesar Gaviria waseColombia befuna ukuba insangu ibe semthethweni futhi kubhekwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengomphakathi- inkinga yezempilo.
Ucwaningo oluningi, okuhlanganisa nocwaningo lwe-Rand Corporation olucashunwe kabanzi lwango-1994, lubonise ukuthi ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kubiza kakhulu kunezinyathelo zokuphoqelela ezithola ingxenye enkulu yemali. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zokungajezisi nazo zinobuntu kakhulu.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kuhambisana nalezi ziphetho. Into eyingozi kakhulu ugwayi, obulala nabantu abangawusebenzisi ngezinga eliphezulu (ukubhema ugwayi). Ukusetshenziswa kwehle kakhulu emikhakheni efundele kakhulu, hhayi ngokwenza ubugebengu kodwa ngenxa yokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila.
Izwe elilodwa, i-Portugal, lasusa zonke izidakamizwa ngo-2001โokusho ukuthi ngokobuchwepheshe zihlala zingekho emthethweni kodwa zibhekwa njengokwephulwa kokuphatha, zisusiwe esizindeni sobugebengu. Ucwaningo lwe-Cato Institute olwenziwa ngu-Glenn Greenwald lwathola imiphumela โiyimpumelelo emangalisayo. Kule mpumelelo kunezifundo ezisobala okufanele ziqondise izimpikiswano zenqubomgomo yezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke. "
Ngokuphambene kakhulu, izinqubo eziphoqelelayo zempi yezidakamizwa yase-U.S. yeminyaka engu-40 azizange zibe nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni noma entengweni yezidakamizwa e-United States, ngenkathi zidala umonakalo ezwenikazi lonke. Inkinga ngokuyinhloko ise-United States: kokubili ukufunwa (kwezidakamizwa) nokunikezwa (kwezikhali). Abantu baseLatin America bayizisulu ezisheshayo, abahlushwa amazinga ashaqisayo odlame nenkohlakalo, nokulutheka okusabalala emizileni yezokuthutha.
Uma izinqubomgomo zilandelwa iminyaka eminingi ngokuzinikela okungapheli nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi aziphumeleli ngokwezinjongo ezimenyezelwe, futhi ezinye izindlela ezingase zisebenze kakhulu azinakwa ngendlela ehlelekile, imibuzo iyaphakama ngokwemvelo mayelana nezisusa. Inqubo eyodwa enengqondo ukuhlola imiphumela ebikezelwayo. Lezi azikaze zifihleke.
E-Colombia, impi yezidakamizwa ibe isembozo esincane sokulwa nokuvukela umbuso. I-Fumigation-uhlobo lwempi yamakhemikhali-kucekele phansi izitshalo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile, futhi kufaka isandla ekuqhubekiseni izigidi zabalimi abampofu emijondolo yasemadolobheni, ukuvula izindawo ezinkulu zezimayini, amabhizinisi ezolimo, amapulazi kanye nezinye izinzuzo kwabanamandla.
Abanye abahlomula empini yezidakamizwa amabhange akhwabanisa izizumbulu zemali. EMexico, izinhlangano ezinkulu zezidakamizwa zihileleke kumaphesenti angama-80 emikhakheni ekhiqizayo yomnotho, ngokusho kwabacwaningi bezemfundo. Intuthuko efanayo iyenzeka kwezinye izindawo.
E-US, izisulu eziyinhloko kube ngabesilisa base-Afrika-baseMelika, bayanda nabesifazane nama-Hispanics-ngamafuphi, labo abahunyushwa ngokungafanele ngezinguquko zezomnotho ezasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, baguqulela umnotho emalini nasekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo.
Sibonga kakhulu ngempi yezidakamizwa ekhetha kakhulu, idlanzana lithunyelwa ejele - isici esikhulu ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokuboshwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 osekuphenduke ihlazo lamazwe ngamazwe. Le nqubo ifana โnokuhlanzwa komphakathiโ ezifundazweni zamakhasimende ase-U.S. eLatin America, okususa โokungathandeki.โ
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-U.S. eCartagena kuqhubekisela phambili ezinye izinguquko ezenzekayo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, njengoba iLatin America ekugcineni isiqalile ukuzikhipha ekulawuleni amandla amakhulu, ngisho nokubhekana nezinkinga zayo zangaphakathi ezishaqisayo.
Sekuyisikhathi eside iLatin America inesiko lomthetho okhululekile nokuvukela igunya elibekiwe. Isivumelwano Esisha sasuselwa kulelo siko. Abantu baseLatin America bangase baphinde bagqugquzele inqubekelaphambili kumalungelo abantu e-United States.
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