Ngokukhanya kwe-"Brexit" futhi kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokushicilelwa kowamanqamu imiphumela kunhlolovo yaseBrithani ngobulungu be-EU, uSigmar Gabriel, usihlalo weSocial Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), iphini likashansela waseJalimane kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zezomnotho kuhulumeni waseMerkel, kanye noMartin Schulz, uMongameli wePhalamende le-EU, bashicilele iphepha elisha lesu elihlaziya umsuka wenkinga ejulile yomthetho. i-European Union phakathi kwe-Europe-yonke yokwanda kweLungelo lobuzwe kanye nokuchaza izindlela zezombusazwe zokunqoba le nkinga esemthethweni ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlakazeka kwe-EU.[1]
Esimeni samathemba nokwesaba kokuba buthakathaka kwamandla emakethe-ekhululekile ngaphakathi kwe-EU[2] kanye nezingcingo eziningi zabaholi be-EU kanye nezibalo zemidiya ezijwayelekile zesidingo sokuvuselelwa,[3] UGabriel noSchulz bamukele - abanye bangaze bathi: kwebiwe - isidingo sophiko lwesokunxele "sokusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu" futhi basixhumanise nombono weYurophu ebumbene "eyezakhamizi zayo."[4] Ingabe lokhu kungaba uhlobo lwe-Gramscian “lokuguquguquka okungenzi lutho,” okungukuthi ukumuncwa (uphiko lwesokunxele) ukuphikisa isimo esikhona kanye nemibono yakhona njengendlela yokusimamisa i-bloc yamandla ebuthakathaka? Noma mhlawumbe ikhwelo elicacile lokuthi i-SPD iphinde ibuse intando yeningi yeningi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivuselelwe - okubangelwa mhlawumbe ukukhuphuka nempumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe (yesigaba) sabantu abagxile ezingxabanweni, abaphikisana ne-Third Way social democrat uJeremy Corbyn e-UK kanye noBernie Sanders e-UK. I-united states?
Lokhu kuzofana nokushintsha okumangalisayo kwezombusazwe njengoba ngo-Okthoba 2015 uGabriel ngokwakhe waqala ukusungulwa kweqembu elidumile elithi "Gang of Five," elihlanganisa uNdunankulu waseFrance uManuel Valls, uShansela wase-Austria uWerner Faymann (owasula ngoMeyi. ), uNdunankulu waseSweden kanye nomholi weqembu lentando yeningi yezenhlalo uStefan Löfven, kanye noGabriel noSchulz ngokwabo, futhi okuwukuphela kwenjongo yabo kube ukunciphisa ithonya leCorbynism (futhi, ngezinga elincane, ubuSanderism) kanye nokuzwelana namanye amabutho aphiko kwesokunxele. njenge-Podemos kanye ne-Syriza ngaphakathi kwentando yeningi yezenhlalakahle yezwekazi laseYurophu.[5]
I-Alliance of Progressives?
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ebhekene nokuphikiswa okukhulayo kwangaphakathi uma kubhekwa isimo esibi se-SPD ngemuva kokwehlulwa okhethweni okhethweni lwezifunda ezintathu lwangomhla ziyi-13 kuNdasa wezi-2016 (e-Baden-Württemberg, e-Rhineland-Palatinate naseSaxony-Anhalt), uGabriel wayenikeze impendulo. inkulumo ephiko lwesokunxele engqungqutheleni ye-SPD ethi “Value Conference: Justice,” eyenzeka endlunkulu kazwelonke ye-SPD e-Berlin mhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlaba wezi-2016 futhi okwakusolakala ukuthi yayibonisa ukuqondiswa kwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile eziya emkhankasweni wokhetho lukazwelonke oluzofika ekwindla lika-2017. Lokhu futhi cishe kuzobandakanya ukuhambisa udaba lwempesheni yobumpofu, lokho ngokocwaningo olusemthethweni lukahulumeni waseJalimane oluzothinta cishe ingxenye yabantu ngo-2030,[6] phakathi nendawo. Lokhu, vele, kuzosho ukuthi okungenani kubuyisele emuva ingxenye eyinhlekelele yokwenziwa kwangasese kohlelo lwezimpesheni (“Riester-Rente”) iqembu lakhe elihambisana neGreens elikushaye umthetho ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-a Spiegel inhlolokhono umemezele isidingo kanye nentando yakhe yokwakha “umfelandawonye wabathuthukayo,”[7] abaningi abakuhumushe njengomzamo - kanti abanye abantu bawusebenzise njengesiqalo - ukuvuselela izimpikiswano mayelana ne "r2g," okungukuthi umfelandawonye kazwelonke wamademokhrasi omphakathi, iGreens kanye ne-Die Linke. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthakathaka obungapheli be-SPD (ilandela i-CDU okhethweni noma ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-25 uphawu) kanye neqiniso elibuhlungu lokuthi i-Die Linke ayizange izuze ekwehleni kwe-SPD, umfelandawonye onjalo awunayo ngisho nenombolo. iningi okwamanje, ingasaphathwa inkundla yepolitiki eyodwa noma isizinda senhlalo esibuthiwe esingakuphoqelela.
Ngakho-ke, “ukusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu” kukaGabriel noSchulz kuhlanganisani ngempela? Ingabe izama ukwakha inkundla yezombangazwe evamile kangaka? Njengenjwayelo usathane usemininingwaneni. Kodwa ukuze sikuqonde lokhu, kubonakala kuwusizo ukukhumbula isinyathelo sokuqala “sokusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu.”
Umbono wophiko lwesokunxele “wokusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu” (“Europa neu [be-]gründen”) ubuyela emuva ohlelweni luka-2012 lukaFrank Bsirske, umongameli wenhlangano enkulu kunazo zonke yaseJalimane kanye nenyunyana yomkhakha womphakathi. v futhi ngokwakhe eyilungu le-Green Party, u-Anneli Buntenbach ovela ku-German Trade-Union Confederation, u-Hans-Jürgen Urban, isithonjana sophiko lwesokunxele ebhodini likamongameli wenyunyana yabasebenzi bezimboni i-IG Metall enamalungu ayizigidi ezingu-2.27, kanye nophiko lwesokunxele. izazi uSteffen Lehndorff (umhleli womqulu osakazwa kabanzi Ukunqoba Kwemibono Ehlulekile: Amamodeli WaseYurophu Wobunxiwankulu Enkingeni) noRudolf Hickel, isazi sezomnotho saseKeynesian esivelele. Lesi sinyathelo ngokushesha sathola ukwesekwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezinkulu zophiko lwesokunxele lwenhlangano yezabasebenzi yaseJalimane kanye nezihlakaniphi zayo zemvelo jikelele. Ngokohlelo, inhloso yayo kwakuwukuphonsela inselelo isimo se-neoliberal somthetho oyinhloko we-EU ngokujwayelekile kanye nezisekelo zesu lokuphuma “lokunciphisa inani langaphakathi” le-EU enkingeni ye-Eurozone eyayilandele inguquko yomhlaba wonke ka-2010 ikakhulukazi. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kwakuhlanganisa ukugxekwa kwalokho i-Urban ibize ngakho ngokuthi “i-German crisis corporatism.”[8] Ngokweqile, i-“Europa neu (be-) gründen” izame ngokuyisisekelo ukwakha indawo emaphakathi noma eyesithathu ngaphandle kokukhetha okungamanga phakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithemba lezobuchwepheshe le-left-wing lenguquko ye- “Social Europe” naphezu koshintsho. amava ngeMpi YaseGreece kanye nemvelo ye-neoliberal yemithetho eyinhloko ye-EU (njengoba imelwe ngumhleli we-“Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik” u-Albrecht von Lucke), ngakolunye, isiphetho sabantu abafana noWolfgang Streeck.[9] or U-Heiner Flassbeck noCostas Lapavitsas ukuthi ngenxa yalobu bufakazi ukuphela kwethemba lokuvikela ngokweqiniso izinzuzo zesigaba sabasebenzi - isimo senhlalakahle kanye nentando yeningi - ngokubuyela kuhulumeni kazwelonke.[10]
Manje, ngokungafani nalo mbono “wasekuqaleni” wokusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu, uGabriel/Schulz ngokusobala bafuna ukuba nekhekhe labo futhi balidle. Ephepheni lamasu, eligcwele ulimi olusankondlo mayelana ne-"European Dream" nezithembiso zalo "zokuthula, ukuchuma nenkululeko,"[11] indaba ihlezi ifana. Isibonelo, uGabriel no-Schulz bazokhuluma ngokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha kanye nokungalingani okukhulayo kwezenhlalo njengezizathu eziyisisekelo zokungezwani kwezepolitiki okusabalele kanye nokwanda kwemizwa emelene ne-EU ikakhulukazi phakathi Amakilasi asebenzayo aseYurophu afinyelele umvuthwandaba "ku-Brexit"; kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngobubi bezepolitiki kanye nokuphrintwa okuhle kweziphakamiso zabo, akukho lutho olusele olubalulekile futhi olungakha ikusasa elihlukile lokuphahlazeka kwesitimela okuphelele kweYurophu namuhla ngokombono. yoquqaba olubanzi olusebenzayo futhi ikakhulukazi intsha (eseningizimu) yaseYurophu.[12]
Isibonelo, uGabriel noSchulz bagxeka iSivumelwano Sokusimama Nokukhula kanye nokuphindukuzalwa kwaso okusha njenge-Fiscal Compact ngokuhluleka kokubili ngokwemibandela yezomnotho nepolitiki. “Uqhekeko lwezombangazwe” phakathi kwe-European Union kanye nokwanda kwamabutho obuzwe, bathi, kuwumphumela “wokukhula kancane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, kanye nenkinga yokuqashwa.” Ngenxa yalokho, bafuna “ushintsho kunqubomgomo yezomnotho kanye nesivumelwano sokukhula kwe-European Union.”[13]
Nokho, ekugcineni kuvele ukuthi uGabriel noSchulz abayifuni enye indlela yeFiscal Compact nhlobo. Kunalokho bavele bagxeke ngokuthi i-Stability and Growth Pact ayikwenzi ekushoyo (ukudala ukukhula), yingakho u-Gabriel no-Schulz befuna ukwenza i-Fiscal Compact ibe nezimo eziguquguqukayo - okuvumela amaphakheji okuvuselela ama-anti-cyclical.[14] Inqubomgomo yamanje yezomnotho, bathi, "iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ithanda kakhulu ukwenza amaphutha, futhi isekela kakhulu umjikelezo."[15] Ngasikhathi sinye, uGabriel noSchulz bahlose ukuqhubeka nokubusa kwezomnotho okusha okugxile e-EU lapho befuna ngokusobala ukuqiniswa kwesabelomali sikazwelonke ngokusebenzisa izichibiyelo zesabelomali esine-neoliberal kanye "nendlela esungulwe yokuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu ... phakathi nezigaba zomnotho. ukululama.”[16] Ngamanye amazwi, abamukeli nje kuphela imithetho ye-EU ye-“Sixpack” endala ngokugunyaza kwabo amazinga ezikweletu zomphakathi ngokuzenzekelayo kodwa futhi nezinqubomgomo zeMemorandamu ye-neo-constitionalist ezithatha ukulawula kwezabelomali zikazwelonke “ngezabelomali eziyithunzi” ngenhloso eyodwa yokukhipha intela yomphakathi. izinsiza ezifakwa esikhwameni samabhange amakhulu aseYurophu. Empeleni, lokho okusikiselwa nguGabriel noSchulz ekugcineni kugxila kukho isu le-EU elijwayelekile “lokunciphisa inani langaphakathi” kukhishwe ama-orthodoxies ahlulekile, noma, ngamanye amazwi, uhlobo lwe-neoliberalism olunobuso be-Keynesian obumangalisayo.
Futhi cishe akude kakhulu ukuphikisa ukuthi le ndlela yombuso ethi “Ngiyayithanda, kodwa ngimelene nayo” (Georg Kreisler) noma “ngakolunye uhlangothi, kodwa ngakolunye…” (Kurt Tucholsky) angase basize ukuba baphinde baqokwe kabusha, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-2013 lapho amaJalimane abusa ngentando yeningi yezenhlalakahle nawo, nakuba ayemnene futhi kwaze kwaphela umkhankaso wokhetho, agxeka iMemoranda Yokuqondisisa eyayinqume futhi iqhubeka nokusho, ngezombangazwe zabo. ukwesekwa kuhulumeni waseJalimane, ekunciphiseni kwangaphakathi kwe-EU ekusetshenzisweni kwezenhlalakahle ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, impesheni kanye nomshwalense wokungasebenzi, ukudilizwa kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nokumiswa kwezindawo zokuqasha, ukwehla kwezinga eliphansi lomholo, ukushintshwa kwezinhlaka zezingxoxo ezihlangene zikazwelonke ngokusebenzisa - iholo- okudabukisayo - uhlelo oluhlukaniselwe izivumelwano zamaholo enkampani, kanye nokuthengiswa kwangasese kwempahla yomphakathi.
Okushiywe Ohlelweni
Ukuba ntekenteke okuvamile kweziphakamiso zikaGabriel noSchulz kuyacaca uma kuziwa embuzweni wokuthi ubani okufanele ngempela akhokhele “inqubomgomo yezimboni esebenzayo” yaseYurophu yonke abayiphakamisayo futhi ezwakala njengesinyathelo ephepheni njengesinyathelo esifanele, okungukuthi -isiqondiso esibucayi. Ngokusobala akekho! Okungenani leso ukuphela kwesiphetho esivumela iphepha labo lamasu; ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, asikho nesisodwa isigaba lapho esidinga izintela eziphezulu kwabacebile. Esikhundleni salokho, yonke into ngokusobala kufanele ihlale ifana ngaphandle kokuvalwa kwezintuba zentela, insizakalo yomlomo ekhokhelwa ukulwa nezindawo zentela kanye nohlobo lwentela yezimali kaTobin, abathi, enkulumweni yakudala ye-neoliberal, ingasiza ukukhokha. "yokukhulula i-factory labour," kodwa, njengoba wonke umuntu azi, umzuzu uma kukhulunywa ngosayizi wesabelomali sikazwelonke.[17] Ngakho-ke manje, lokho akuzwakali njengohlelo olusha lwe-Euro-Keynesian oluzayo?!
Phela, kuvamise ukuthi into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngeziphakamiso zabo akukhona abakushoyo, kodwa kunalokho abakushoyo. ungapheli isho. Isibonelo, abangakusho ngomusho owodwa indima edlalwe yimodeli yokukhula okugxile ekuthekeliseni kwe-Germany kanye nemodeli yokuncintisana nensalela yayo yohwebo ekudaleni ukungalingani okukhulu nokukhulayo ngaphakathi kwe-Eurozone. Ngaphezu kwalokho futhi njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uGabriel noSchulz bakhala ngokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabantu abaningi eYurophu, kodwa kuyamangaza ukuthi bayakugwema ukukhuluma ngokuqashwa okuyingozi kanye nokwanda okukhulu komkhakha wamaholo amancane. Umbono “wemisebenzi emihle” awukho ephepheni labo. Esikhundleni salokho, uma ulifunda kahle leli phepha lesu, uzothola ukuthi isixazululo sabo kuyo yonke into “siwukukhula” (futhi ngibalule ngenhla ukuthi kuncane kangakanani lokho kukhula, njengoba uGabriel noSchulz bengafuni ukudalula lokho kukhula. I-Fiscal Compact noma ungafuni ukunyusa izintela kwabacebile ukuze bakhokhele izinqubomgomo zokukhula komkhakha okungezona ezizimele). Kodwa-ke, ngokukhuluma ngokukhula, abangakhulumi ngakho ukubuyisela emuva uhlobo lwezinqubomgomo ezihlelekile zokuthi, ngaphansi kwe-moniker "yezimakethe zabasebenzi eziguquguqukayo," ababusayo bentando yeningi yezenhlalakahle (iningi labo lisashaya isibhamu eqenjini. …) ephoqelelwe eJalimane nge-Ajenda 2010 ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 futhi manje esesetshenziswa ngezindlela ezifanayo e-France yiphathi yabo emaphakathi kwesokunxele, i-French Socialist Party ka-Francois Hollande, ngokumelene nentando yeningi labantu futhi ngokumelene ukumelana okukhulu nomphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, umqondo we-neoliberal ojwayelekile wokuncintisana awubhekwana nhlobo. Esikhundleni salokho, lokho uGabriel noSchulz abasikiselayo kuphambene, okungukuthi konke ukuxegiswa kwamabhande aqinisiwe kufanele kwenziwe kuncike ekuthotshelweni kwemithetho maqondana nokuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yezabasebenzi, noma njengoba bekubeka: "ukufika ezinyathelweni zezinguquko."[18]
Ekugcineni, uGabriel noSchulz bagxeka ochwepheshe be-EU ukuthi konke okungalungile nokuthi "izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuguqula nokuxova azanele."[19] Manje, kunzima ukuphuthelwa indida kukho konke lokhu futhi kunzima ukungahlekwa yila maJalimane ahlekisayo. Phela, kunzima ukucabangela noma yimaphi ama-duo ezombusazwe afana nama-technocrats ngaphezu kukaGabriel no-Schulz (asebenezikhundla futhi babusa njengama-technocrats iminyaka eminingi futhi baqhubeka bekhuluma ngolimi lwe-technocrats.[20]). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphimisela kwabo “isibindi sokuzama okuthile okukhulu,” isiphakamiso sabo okusolwa ukuthi sinesibindi “sokusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu” singaphezu nje kokuvamile “ukuxova” okwenziwa yizifundazwe ngonxiwankulu ngenkathi bezama ukulawula izinkinga zonxiwankulu. Nokho, ukukhomba lokho kungaba shot eshibhile.
Ngakho-ke ake sithathe umbono kaGabriel noSchulz wokuthi "ungavuselela kanjani umdlandla weYurophu"[21] ngenani lobuso. UGabriel noSchulz bafuna ukuphishekela lokhu “ngokwenza iYurophu intando yeningi.” Noma kunjalo, noma umfundaze, okuhlanganisa nesisekelo seqembu labo ubonise indima yokuba semthethweni kokuphumayo, okungukuthi izinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo zokhonkolo bangempela ziye zadlala uma kuziwa emibonweni yabantu nge-European Union, uGabriel noSchulz bavame ukuhlala ngaphakathi kohlaka olucatshangelwe ukuthi. Ukuba semthethweni kwenqubo nokufaka yikho okubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngenkinga yokuba semthethweni kwe-EU kanye neqiniso lokuthi, ukube bekungaba nezinhlolovo kwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU njengamanje, ezinye izifundazwe eziningi bezizoyishiya ne-EU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphakamiso zikaGabriel noSchulz azidluleli ngalé kweziphakamiso ezivamile, lapho befuna ukuthi iphalamende le-EU libe yiphalamende langempela elikhetha uhulumeni waseYurophu njengasezifundazweni zikazwelonke ezihlanganisa i-EU.[22]
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukuqaphela ukuthi baphakamisa lokhu kubusa ngentando yeningi njengendlela yobuchwepheshe evela phezulu. Lokhu, nokho, kubalulekile ngoba kuyinkomba yombono wabo ojwayelekile wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obuphezulu kwezepolitiki okuphambene ncamashi nezindlela ezisebenzayo nezigxile ekunyakazeni kwezepolitiki eziqukethwe nguCorbyn noma uSanders, ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kufanekisela lolu hlobo lokugqugquzelwa ngenxa yamandla omphakathi anentshisekelo kusimo samanje. Lokhu akukhona nje kuphela ngenxa yabaphikisi bezombangazwe besikhashana esincane, izinguquko zesikhungo mayelana nendima yephalamende le-EU uGabriel noSchulz abasikiselayo. Akuyona nje i-eksisi i-Merkel-Schäuble njll. okudingeka inakwe lapha. Iphuzu liwukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwentando yeningi oluphathekayo luzobhekana nombuzo wamalungelo esabelomali sePhalamende le-EU elikhono lalo lokusebenzisa, isibonelo, into efana ne-European Marshall Plan, njengoba bekufunwa yi-European Trade Union Confederation. okwamanje empeleni ilingana nokwephulwa komthetho oyinhloko okhona we-EU (ngokwesibonelo i-Article 126 yeSivumelwano Somsebenzi We-European Union). Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kokugqugquzelwa okukhulu - okungase kube ngisho nombuso waseYurophu (into i-EU eqhutshwa yi-Elite engenayo futhi ukuntuleka kwayo okungase kube isithiyo esikhulu sephrojekthi ye-elite yokujulisa ukuhlanganiswa ngesikhathi senhlekelele) - lolu hlobo ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwangempela akufanele kube khona. Futhi mayelana nokuthi intando yeningi engenazisekelo ezibonakalayo iyigobolondo elingenalutho, "i-postdemocratic" (njengoba u-Colin Crouch asho), iphakamisa ukusungulwa kabusha kweYurophu okungokoqobo esikhundleni sesiqubulo esihehayo nje. •
U-Ingar Solty uyiSenior Research Fellow esikhungweni se-Rosa Luxembourg Foundation for Critical Social Analysis eBerlin. Ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningana kuhlanganise Ama-impiriya (noFrank Deppe noDavid Salomon, 2011), I-USA ngaphansi kuka-Obama: Ubuholi Be-Charismatic, I-Social Movements kanye ne-Imperial Politics ku-Global Crisis (2013), Thekelisa Umpetha Womhlaba Ekufudukeni Okuphoqiwe: Inqubomgomo Entsha Yangaphandle YaseJalimane, Inhlekelele, Nezinye Izindlela Zakwesokunxele (2016), kanye nokuzayo Yini Okufanele Yenziwe Ngezikhathi Zobumnyama? Imibono ephikisana neCrisis Capitalism, Rise of the Right, kanye ne-Islamic Terrorism (konke kushicilelwe ngesiJalimane). Umsebenzi wakhe omningi ungadawunilodeka ku yorku.academia.edu/IngarSolty.
Imibhalo engezansi:
1. USigmar Gabriel noMartin Schulz, "I-Europa neu gründen,” iphepha lamasu, zingama-24 kuNhlangulana wezi-2016.
2. UManfred Schäfers, "Den Deutschen wird ein Verfechter onecala uMärkte fehlen, ”Ku I-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 24 Juni 2016.
3. Bheka, ngokwesibonelo, uhlolojikelele ku-Markus Lippold, “'I-Europa muss neu gebaut werden': Pressestimmen zum Brexit, ”Ku NTV, 24 Juni 2016.
4. UGabriel noSchulz, p. 11.
5. Cf. UPeter Dausend noMatthias Krupa, "Kampf um links, ”Ku Zeit, 29 Okthoba 2015.
6. "I-Regierung rechnet mit mehr Altersarmut, ”Ku I-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 Ephreli 2016.
7. Sigmar Gabriel, “Im Schafspelz: Eine radikale Rechte sagt der Republik den Kampf an. Jetzt braucht Deutschland ein Bündnis der progressiven Kräfte“, ku: Isibuko, No. 25/2016.
8. Noma kunjalo, lolu hlelo lukwazile futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuthola bonke ubuholi be-IG Metall ebhodini kanye nezihlakaniphi ezinethonya, nezihlakaniphi ze-left-liberal kuhlanganise no-Jürgen Habermas. Odabeni lwe-German crisis corporatism bheka uHans-Jürgen Urban, "Crisis corporatism kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinyunyana eYurophu," ku: Steffen Lehndorff, Ed., Ukunqoba Kwemibono Ehlulekile: Amamodeli WaseYurophu Wobunxiwankulu Enkingeni, ETUI aisbl, Brussels 2012, pp. 219-42 kanye nasekuhlanganiseni kwayo umongo ekukhulumeni okubanzi nokujwayelekile kwezepolitiki mayelana nenhlekelele yomhlaba wonke ka-2007ff bona i-Ingar Solty, “I-Crisis Interregnum: Kusukela ku-New Right-Wing Populism kuya ku-Occupy Movement,"ku: Izifundo kuMnotho Wezepolitiki 91, Spring 2013, 87-114.
9. UWolfgang Streeck, “Vom DM-Nationalismus zum Euro-Patriotismus? Eine Replik auf Jürgen Habermas,“ ku: I-Blätter für deutsche and international Politik, No. 9/2013, amakhasi 75-92.
10. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-EU idinga ukuqondwa njengokufinyezwa kobudlelwane bamandla ekilasi umuntu angeke akwazi ukuphuma kuwo, le ndlela “egxile ekuhlakanipheni,” egxile ekunyakazeni ibonakala iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nombuzo we-EU ohlukanisayo. Bheka futhi eka-Alban Werner kanye nempikiswano yami mayelana nendlela yamasu enjalo ku-Ingar Solty kanye no-Alban Werner, “Ngaphandle kwe-Charme des Linkspopulismus, ”Ku Das Argument – Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften 316, Umq. 58, No. 2 (June 2016), amakhasi 273-85.
11. UGabriel noSchulz, p. 1.
12. Eqinisweni, uGabriel noSchulz ababonakali bezimisele ngisho nokuvuma ukuthi i-European Union empeleni iwukuphahlazeka kwesitimela kubasebenzi kanye nentsha yaseYurophu. Kubonakala sengathi, kubo, inkinga iwukuthi kubonakala sengathi ukuphahlazeka kwesitimela kubantu manje abenqaba ukulandela ukuhola kwabo ezindlini zokuvota - njengokungathi inkinga kwakuyimibono ye-subjective kanye nenkulumo ethize mayelana ne-EU, esikhundleni sokuphila kwangempela, okungokoqobo okungokoqobo kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha, imisebenzi eyingozi, ukwehla kwamaholo angempela, impesheni yobumpofu njll. Ngakho, bayabhala: “Emashumini eminyaka, iYurophu isilethele ukuthula, ukuchuma nenkululeko. Akukaze kube khona ukungabaza kweYurophu. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe, abantu bonke kanye namazwe babefa ukuze babe yingxenye yale Yurophu. Kuze kube namuhla. Nokho, namuhla abantu abaningi angisakholelwa kulesi sithembiso, futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bayangabaza ngeYurophu” (ikhasi 1, isiqalekiso sombhali). Ngokusobala, lokhu kuhambisana nesiko leNdlela Yesithathu - yona uqobo ewukubonakaliswa "kokuguquka kolimi" - kokuphishekela izinqubomgomo ezimelene nabasebenzi kanye nombono wokuthi lezo zinqubomgomo zazingathandeki hhayi ngoba zaziqondiswe kuzinhloso zenhloso zabasebenzi. ikilasi kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bebengakaziswanga ngokwanele esigabeni sabasebenzi. Lokhu-ke kuhlotshaniswa nombono wesigaba esihlukene wokuthi “wonke umuntu uzuza eYurophu,” uGabriel noSchulz abangawehlukanisi ku-EU ekhona ngempela, nokuthi kumane nje kumayelana “nokukhulisa ukukholelwa” ukuthi lokhu kunjalo ngempela ( ikhasi 2).
13. UGabriel noSchulz, p.5.
14. Futhi abanye bangase bathi amaphakheji okuvuselela anjalo angeke agwemeke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze noma kunjalo uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi, okungenani ngokwemibandela yabo, izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko azisebenzi, njengoba nje ukuwohloka komnotho kuhlanganisa ukuthi izikweletu zomphakathi zikhula ngokushesha kunokuba isabelomali sikahulumeni singasebenza. kuncishisiwe - ngezindleko ezinkulu zomuntu, kunjalo.
15. UGabriel noSchulz, p.6.
16. UGabriel noSchulz, p.6.
17. UGabriel noSchulz, p.9.
18. Ibid., p.6.
19. Ibid., p.2.
20. Encwadini yakhe yango-2009 ethi “Links neu denken” (“Rethinking the Left”), okwakuwumzamo kaGabriel wokuvikela i-Third Wayism ngokumelene neqembu elisha laseJalimane Left (Die Linke) kanye ne-nomen est omen yalo - ukubuyiselwa kabusha kokumelela lokho ophiko lwesokunxele. namuhla, uGabriel waze waba nesibindi sokuhlanganisa (okuhle) “ukubumba kwesokunxele” (“Gestaltungslinke”) - elawula izithiyo zenqubomgomo ye-neoliberal - kanye (okubi) “ukubhikisha kwasala” (“Protestlinke”), obekungakaqapheli ukuthi ezombusazwe zishiyelwa ochwepheshe abanenhliziyo enhle. Ephepheni labo elisha lamasu, uGabriel noSchulz bakhombisa ukuthi bafunde lutho olutheni ku-Corbynism, Sanderism njll., lapho bephinda bekhuluma “ngepolitiki enesibopho” futhi bavele bagxeke abagxeki abasele bendlela yokuhlanganiswa kwe-neoliberal ye-European Union njenge-anti- YaseYurophu. Cf. UGabriel noSchulz, p.2.
21. UGabriel noSchulz, p.2.
22. UGabriel noSchulz, p.4-5.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela