Abezindaba abakwazanga ukwenza indlebe yengulube enkulu ngendaba emhlophe ye-phosphorus. Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokudlulela ekwambulweni okusha okuvela ku-Falluja, ngingathanda ukuzama ukusula ezindala.
Abukho ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi i-phosphorus emhlophe yasetshenziswa ngokumelene nezakhamuzi. Isimangalo senziwe ekusakazweni kwedokhumentari kunethiwekhi yase-Italy i-RAI, ebizwa ngokuthi โFallujah: The Hidden Massacreโ. Ithi izidumbu ezithombeni ebeziphuma kuzo โzibonise izingozi eziyinqaba, ezinye zishile ethanjeni, ezinye zinesikhumba esilenga enyameniโฆ Ubuso sebuncibilike ngokoqobo, njengezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Izingubo ziphelele ngendlela exakile.โ Lokhu kugomela kwasekelwa ummeli wamalungelo abantu, okwathi, โuneziqu zebhayolojiโ.(1)
Nami ngineziqu zebhayoloji, futhi ngikufanelekela kahle ukuthola imbangela yokufa komuntu njengoba nje ngiyohlinza inhliziyo. Ngakho ngacela uChris Milroy, uprofesa wesayensi yezifo ezitholakala eNyuvesi yaseSheffield, ukuba abukele ifilimu. Ubike ukuthi โakukho okungikhombisayo ukuthi izidumbu zishile.โ Zaziphenduke zaba mnyama futhi zalahlekelwa isikhumba โngenxa yokubolaโ. Asikazi ukuthi laba bantu bafe kanjani.
Kodwa kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi i-phosphorus emhlophe yasetshenziswa njengesikhali ngokumelene nabalwa e-Falluja. Njengoba le kholamu yembule ngoLwesibili olwedlule, izikhulu zezingane zase-US zivumile ukuthi ziyisebenzisele ukuxosha abashokobezi. NgoLwesibili ntambama, umkhulumeli wePentagon uvumile ku-BBC ukuthi i-phosphorus emhlophe "isetshenziswe njengesikhali esishisayo ngokumelene nezitha zezitha." (2) Uqhube wathi "Akusona isikhali samakhemikhali. Azikho emthethweni noma azikho emthethweni.โ Lokhu kuphika kwamukelwe cishe yiyo yonke imithombo yezindaba evamile. I-Times yagomela ngokuthi izivumelwano ze-UN, โziyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqolobaneni zezempi kodwa hhayi ezempi.โ (3) Kodwa igama elithi โizakhamuziโ aliveli ku-Chemical Weapons Convention. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobuthi zekhemikhali njengesikhali akukho emthethweni, noma ngabe ubani okuqondiwe.
I-Pentagon ithi i-phosphorus emhlophe ishisa abantu, kunokuba ibafake ubuthi, ngakho-ke ihlanganiswa kuphela yi-protocol yezikhali ezishisayo, i-US engayisayinanga. Kodwa i-phosphorus emhlophe i-incendiary futhi inobuthi. Igesi elikhiqizayo lihlasela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, amehlo namaphaphu. Njengoba uPeter Kaiser weNhlangano Yokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zamakhemikhali etshela i-BBC ngesonto eledlule, โUma ... noma imaphi amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ngokumelene nabantu noma izilwane abangela ukulimala noma ukufa ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi zamakhemikhali athathwa njengezikhali zamakhemikhali.โ(4)
Ibutho laseMelika liyazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo njengesikhali akukho emthethweni. Encwadini Yempi eshicilelwe yi-US Command and General Staff College eFort Leavenworth, Kansas, intatheli yami uDavid Traynier uthole umusho olandelayo. "Kuphambene nomthetho wezempi yezwe ukuqasha i-WP ngokumelene nemigomo yabasebenzi."(5)
Izolo ebusuku i-blogger uGabriele Zamparini uthole idokhumenti engachazwanga evela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela wase-US, yango-April 1991, futhi enesihloko esithi โKungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali e-phosphorousโ. "Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa ngesihluku okwalandela ukuvukela kwamaKurd," kusho ukuthi, "amabutho ase-Iraq athembeke kuMongameli Saddam ((Hussein)) kungenzeka ukuthi asebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali ezimhlophe ze-phosphorous (WP) ngokumelene namavukelambuso amaKurd kanye nomphakathi wase-Erbil ... kanye nasezifundazweni zaseDohuk. , Iraq. Ikhemikhali ye-WP yalethwa ngokuzungeza kwezikhali kanye nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. โฆ Le mibiko yokuhlaselwa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ze-WP okungenzeka yasabalala ngokushesha โฆ amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaKurds abaleka kulezi zindawo ezimbiliโ(6). I-Pentagon akungabazeki, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi i-phosphorus emhlophe iyisikhali samakhemikhali.
Amavukela-mbuso ngabe afa nje namuhla uma ebulawa ngezinye izindlela. Ngabe kunendaba yini ukuthi izikhali zamakhemikhali bezixutshwa nezinye izikhali? Kuyenzeka. Noma ubani oke wabona lezo zithombe zemigqa yamakadebona ayizimpumputhe ezinkonzweni zokukhumbula impi yezwe yokuqala ngokuqinisekile uzoliqonda iphuzu lomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nezingozi zokuwubukela phansi.
Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali kwakuwubugebengu bempi ngaphakathi kobugebengu bempi ngaphakathi kobugebengu bempi. Kokubili ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-Falluja kwakuyizenzo zobudlova ezingekho emthethweni. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela idolobha ngoNovemba nyakenye, amaMarines amisa amadoda โaneminyaka yokulwaโ ukuba ahambe(7). Abesifazane abaningi nezingane nabo bahlala: Umlobeli we-Observer ulinganisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-30,000 no-50,000 izakhamuzi ezasala edolobheni(8). Amasosha asolwandle abe esephatha i-Falluja sengathi izakhamuzi zakhona zodwa zingamasosha. Badiliza izinkulungwane zezakhiwo, banqatshelwa ngokungemthetho ukungena e-Iraqi Red Crescent, futhi, ngokombiko okhethekile we-UN, basebenzisa โindlala nokuncishwa kwamanzi njengesikhali sempi ngokumelene nezakhamuziโ(9).
Kuleli sonto eledlule, bengifunda ama-akhawunti okuhlasela ashicilelwe kujenali yeMarines, i-Marine Corps Gazette. Amasosha abonakala ekholelwa konke uhulumeni wase-US awatshela kona. Esinye isihloko sithi "ukungabikho kwezakhamuzi kusho ukuthi amaMarines angasebenzisa izikhali eziqhumayo ngaphambi kokungena ezindlini eseziphenduke amabhokisi, hhayi amakhaya." Yaqhubeka: โAmaqhawe [amasosha Asolwandle] kuzoba isihloko sezihloko nezincwadi eziningi eminyakeni ezayo. Isihluthulelo sangempela salokhu kunqoba kwamaqhinga sasisemoyeni wamaqhawe alwa impi ngesibindi. Bafanelwe lonke udumo ngokukhulula uFallujah. โ(10)
Kodwa ukungcwatshwa kule hogwash kuyisambulo samandla adonsela phansi amakhulu kakhulu. Isikhali sokuhlasela esasisetshenziswa amasosha Asolwandle sasihlome ngeziqhumane โezineziqhumane ezingamaphesenti angaba ngu-35 ze-thermobaric novel (NE) kanye neziqhumane eziphakeme ezingamaphesenti angu-65.โ Bawusebenzisa โukuze kudilike uphahla futhi babhidlize amavukela-mbuso abiyelwe ngaphakathi emakamelweni angaphakathi.โ Yayisetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe: โizindleko zokugawula izindlu ngeziqhumane zazizinkulu.โ (12)
Amasosha Asolwandle ngeke aphike ukuthi ayazi ukuthi lezi zikhali zenzani. Isihloko esanyatheliswa kuGazethi ngo-2000 sichaza ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwabo ngamaRussia aseGrozny. I-Thermobaric, noma izikhali โze-fuel-air,โ ithi, zakha ifu lamagesi aguquguqukayo noma iziqhumane eziyimpuphu. โLeli fu libe selivutha bese i-fireball ithungela indawo ezungezile ngesikhathi idla umoya ohlanzekile kule ndawo. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kudala ukucindezela okukhulu kakhulu. โฆ Abasebenzi abangaphansi kwefu bachotshozwa bafe. Ngaphandle kwendawo yamafu, igagasi lokuqhuma lihamba ngamamitha angaba ngu-3,000 13 ngomzuzwana. โฆ Njengomphumela, isiqhumane somoya kaphethiloli singaba nomthelela wesikhali senuzi esihlakaniphile ngaphandle kwemisebe eyinsalela. โฆ Labo basebenzi ababanjwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwefu le-aerosol bazobulawa ilangabi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile. Kulabo abasemaphethelweni esiteleka, ukulimala kungaba kubi kakhulu. Ukusha, ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukudungeka kwemfucumfucu endizayo kanye nokungaboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala okudabukisayo okubangelwa ukucindezela ngokweqile kungadala ukujula komoya emithanjeni yegazi, ukungqubuzana, ukopha okuningi kwangaphakathi esibindini nobende, amaphaphu awile, ukugqabuka kwezinsimbi zendlebe nokugudluka kwamehlo ezisekelweni zawo.โ(XNUMX) Kunzima ukubona ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani lezi zikhali e-Falluja ngaphandle kokubulala izakhamuzi.
Lokhu kubukeka kimi njengencazelo egculisayo yomonakalo owenziwe e-Falluja, idolobha lapho abantu abaphakathi kuka-30,000 no-50,000 okungenzeka babekhosele khona. Ingase futhi ichaze izisulu zabantu abavamile eziboniswe kule filimu. Ngakho-ke umbuzo usukhulile manje: ingabe bukhona ubugebengu amabutho omfelandawonye angawenzanga e-Iraq?
www.monbiot.com
References:
1. Ifilimu ingabukwa kuyo http://www.rainews24.rai.it/ran24/inchiesta/video.asp
2. I-BBC News Online, 16th November 2005. I-US yasebenzisa i-phosphorus emhlophe e-Iraq. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4440664.stm
3. David Charter, 16th November 2005. Imijikelezo 'yamakhemikhali' esetshenziswa ngokumelene namavukelambuso. I-Times.
4. Icashunwe nguPaul Reynolds, 16th November 2005. I-phosphorus emhlophe: isikhali onqenqemeni. I-BBC News Online. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4442988.stm
5. Isahluko 5, Isigaba III. http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/army/docs/st100-3/c5/5sect3.htm
6. http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/declassdocs/dia/
19950901/950901_22431050_91r.html
7. Eg Mike Marqusee, 10th November 2005. Igama elihlala endaweni engcolile. Umqaphi.
8. U-Rory McCarthy no-Peter Beaumont, 14th November 2004. Izindleko zomphakathi zokulwa kwe-Falluja ziyavela. Umbukeli.
9. Icashunwe nguMike Marquesee, ibid.
10. FJ โBingโ West, July 2005. Ukuwa kwe-Fallujah. I-Marine Corps Gazette.
11. John F Sattler, Daniel H Wilson, July 2005. Operation AL FAJR: The Battle of Fallujah-Ingxenye II. I-Marine Corps Gazette.
12. FJ โBingโ West, ibid.
13. Lester W. Grau noTimothy Smith, August 2000. A 'Crushing' Victory: Fuel-Air Explosives and Grozny 2000. The Marine Corps Gazette.
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