American
Imithombo yezindaba yavuka ekuphikani ngokuphelele ekuqaleni kukaJuni,
egqugquzelwa izixwayiso zamuva zezikhulu eziphezulu zase-US zokuthi kunezikhali zenuzi
impi phakathi kweNdiya nePakistan yayizobulala izigidi zabantu. I
ithoni yezindaba ishintshele ku-alamu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umlando we-athomu
bahlala behlanzekile kakhulu.
โNgisho
isinyathelo esisodwa samasosha esithathwe yinoma yimuphi walaba makhelwane abahlome ngezikhali zenuzi,โ
I-USA Today ikhasi lokuqala elibikwe ngombhalo omkhulu, โlingakwazi
kwaqala ukusabela okunganqandeki okungase kuholele ekuqothulweni kwesizwe
izwe liye lesaba kusukela kwasungulwa ibhomu le-athomu.โ
Ushicilelo lwangoJuni 10 lwe Newsweek ihlanganisa ikholomu ye-George Will
ngereferensi emangazayo yeCrisis Missile Crisis: โI
izwe lingase libe seduze nempi yenuzi kunanoma isiphi isikhathi
iMpi Yomshoshaphansiโngisho no-October 1962.โ
Noma kunjalo
uma kukhulunywa ngezikhali zenuzi, iphephandaba laseMelika elijwayelekile
inobubanzi bomzwelo obuncane noma intshiseko yobungcweti yokuhlolisisa
ukuqhubeka kwezingozi ze-athomu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yenuzi,
umuntu ngamunye eHhovisi le-Oval uye wabheka umphakathi ngokucophelela
ubudlelwano, nabezindaba abakhulu abavamisile ukungabaza lowo omenyezelwa ukuthi ungowesintu
imigomo.
Ukwenza
isimemezelo ngo-August 6, 1945, uMongameli Harry Truman wenza esakhe
okungcono kakhulu ukuzibandakanya ekukhohliseni. "Umhlaba uzoqaphela ukuthi
ibhomu le-athomu lokuqala lajikijelwa eHiroshima, isizinda samasosha,โ
uthe. โLokho bekungenxa yokuthi besifisa kulokhu kuhlasela kokuqala
gwema, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubulawa kwezakhamuzi.โ
Kodwa
izakhamuzi zazihlala edolobheni laseHiroshimaโkanye naseNagasaki,
lapho kwaqhuma ibhomu le-A ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Kwafa amakhulu ezinkulungwane
ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu. Osomaqhinga bezempi baseMelika
babemagange โukusebenzisa ibhomu kuqala lapho imiphumela yalo yayiyoba khona
hhayi kuphela ngempumelelo kwezepolitiki kepha kuyalinganiseka ngokobuchwepheshe,โ
Isazi sefiziksi seManhattan Project uDavid H. Frisch uyakhumbula.
Ukuze
Abezindaba base-US, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu emadolobheni amabili aseJapan kuye kwaba
ungcwele kakhulu. Ngakho, ngo-1994, kwaqubuka isiyaluyalu ezweni
ngenkathi iSmithsonian Institution yenza izinhlelo zokumaka umbukiso
iminyaka engu-50.
Kuningi
ye-punditocracy yayifanele ukuboshwa. โEzimweni ze
isikhathiโฆukuqhuma kwamabhomu kwaba nomqondo omkhulu,โ uCokie Roberts
kusho kuthelevishini yenethiwekhi-futhi, wengeza, ephakamisa ukugxeka
imibuzo ngemva kwekhulunyaka kamuva โayinangqondo nhlobo.โ
Kuwo lo msakazo we-ABC, uGeorge Will wathuka wathi: โKunjalo
kuyamangaza nje lapho isikhungo esinjengeSmithsonian senza ukungabaza
ngobuholi obukhulu esabusiswa ngabo eMhlabeni Wesibili
Impi.โ
Ikholomu
Charles Krauthammer, egxeka โamandla okunemba kwezombangazwe,โ
wabhala ukuthi ukuvezwa okuyiqiniso ebhodini lokudweba lomnyuziyamu
"ithembisa ukuba yinhlanganisela ehlazisayo ye-revisionist hand-wringing
nomuzwa wecala.โ
enjalo
i-salvos yemidiya ejulile yabangela ukuba i-Smithsonian ingene esikhundleni
qhubeka nombukiso womlando ongaqondile. Ngisho namashumi amahlanu eminyaka
kamuva, ukubheka ngokucacile ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu kwakungamukeleki.
Lokhu
ehlobo, njengoba abaholi basePakistan naseNdiya bezindla ngezikhali zenuzi
inketho, bangananela i-punditry. Phela, โemongweni
ngaleso sikhathi,โ bangase baphethe ngokuthi, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu
"umqondo omkhulu," ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubuza kwabo
"ubuholi obukhulu" noma ukuzibandakanya "ekubambeni ngesandla kanye
icala.โ
In
1983, isitatimende sabaBhishobhi bamaKatolika base-US ngokuqonda sacela
"isimo sezulu sombono, esizokwenza kube nokwenzeka kithi
izwe ukuveza ukudabuka okukhulu ngokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu le-athomu ngo-1945.
Ngaphandle kwalolo sizi, ayikho indlela yokuthola indlela
ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi esikhathini esizayo.โ
American
izikhulu nezintatheli ezihamba phambili ziyaqhubeka nokukhetha kakhulu
nemibono yabo. E-medialand, i-nuclear ebomvu-mhlophe-noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-warhead ayisona ngempela โisikhali sokubhubhisa abantu abaningi.โ
Three
ezinyangeni ezedlule, uhulumeni wase-US entsha Nuclear
indlela yekuma Buyekeza kubangele impendulo ecishe ingakholeki
kusuka ku-Pervez Hoodbhoy, ummeli wokuthula onguprofesa wesayensi yemvelo
e-Quaid- e-Azam University e-Islamabad: โKungani kufanele
Izwe lomhlaba lingathuthukisi izikhali zenuzi manje njengoba iMelika
unganuke ubani nganoma isiphi isikhathi? Ukuphathwa kukaBush kumemezele
ukuthi ibheka izikhali zenuzi njengamathuluzi okulwa nezimpi,
hhayi nje njengezikhali zokugcina. Ukubuya kwezempi yaseMelika
ibhubhisa zonke izindlela zokulawula izingalo yonke indawo. Labo bethu
ePakistan naseNdiya osekunesikhathi eside belwa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi
zamazwekazi ziye zaphelelwa amazwi okwesikhashana.โ
Ini
iyahamba ijwayele ukufika. Abenzi benqubomgomo baseWashington
qhubeka uqinisa izikhali zenuzi zase-US ngokuyishiya ngenkathi ishaya
ngokumelene namanye amazwe amaningiโelithi, empeleni, โyenza
njengoba sisho, hhayi njengoba senza.โ Kodwa ngokushesha noma kamuva, izimemezelo ezinjalo
azikholisi kakhulu. Z
UNorman
USolomoni ungumdidiyeli we Ukubulala Okwethu: Inhlekelele
Yokuzizwisa KwaseMelika Nge-Atomic Radiation (Delacorte
Cindezela, 1982).