I-Los Angeles ibonwa njengesizinda senhlangano entsha yabokufika, ihlanganisa inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu kuzwelonke emibhikishweni yakamuva. Ngosuku lukaMeyi, kwaba namamashi amabili ahlukene futhi ngaba nenhlanhla yokuba khona kokubili, ngibikela i-KPFK, umsakazo we-Pacifica. Nakuba umnyakazo omkhulu wamalungelo abokufika usemusha, yisikhathi sokubhekwa nemibuzo.
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Okokuqala, ukunyakaza kuhle kakhulu engake ngakubona. Endaweni yomhlangano ophakathi kwedolobha ngoMeyi Day, abamashi bafika futhi bazulazula ngamagagasi abantu betheleka emigwaqweni. Ngaphuma ngigijima ngemva kwendawo ebiyelwe ngabezindaba ukuze ngizibone, ngithathe izithombe, futhi ngiqoqe umsindo. Abesifazane besunduza izinqola zezingane zabo futhi behola izingane ezincane ngesandla, amadoda ephethe izimpawu namafulege aphephezelisa, nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe asebekhulile becula ngempi, bamasha bebheke esiteji. Babegqoke ezimhlophe futhi bephethe ngesandla izimpawu ezibonisa ukucasuka kwabo, kanye nesithunzi sabo. Ngafikelwa izinyembezi. Lona ukunyakaza kwemindeni egulayo futhi ekhathele ukucwaswa kuyilapho umsebenzi wabo wenza idolobha ligijime. Abaningi beza nesiko lokungavumelani nokuveza izinkulumo zezombangazwe ezivela emazweni akubo, kuhlanganise nengoma nomdanso wesintu.
Okwesibili, ukunyakaza kuqiniswe inethiwekhi ekhona yezishoshovu zeChicano/Latino ezingashiyi, amaqembu akhulumela abokufika, abaholi abahlukahlukene bezepolitiki nabezenkolo abanethonya njengoCardinal Roger Mahoney, kanye neMeya u-Antonio Villaraigosa, kanye nabasakazi abadumile abakwazi ukufinyelela emithonjeni yezentengiselwano enamandla ulimi lweSpanishi. izitolo. Umphakathi omkhulu we-LA's wabokufika abakhuluma isi-Spanish uhlanganiswe ukuhlangana kwazo zonke lezi zici. Kodwa ngenxa yalezi zici, ukunyakaza kugcwele i-Latino. I-Los Angeles iyikhaya lenqwaba yemiphakathi yabokufika futhi kukhona cishe amazwe angama-30 emhlabeni athola abantu bawo abakhulu kakhulu ngaphandle kwemingcele yawo e-Los Angeles. Nokho, leminye imiphakathi ayibonakali kangako. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika nabo abavelele kulo mnyakazo.
Okwesithathu, ukwesekwa kwabaholi bezepolitiki abanamandla njengeMeya uVillaraigosa, kanye nezigele zoMbuso uGloria Romero, uLiz Figueroa, kanye noSomlomo wePhalamende uFabian Nunez, kunikeze inhlangano yabokufika uhlobo olusemthethweni. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu, uMnyango Wamaphoyisa waseLos Angeles, owaziwa kakhulu ngesihluku esibi kubantu bebala, uye wathotshiswa kakhulu futhi waziphatha kahle. Emibhikishweni eminingi yakamuva yomphakathi, ukuba khona kwe-LAPD bekukuncane, futhi kwezinye izimo, kubambisana futhi kuyasiza. Ngenxa yalokho, imibhikisho ibonakale inokuthula kakhulu – enye into ewunikeza igunya e-US nakwabezindaba abajwayelekile. Akunjalo e-Orange County, isifunda esisadla ngoludala, lapho abaholi bezombangazwe bengakhulumanga kangako, futhi amaphoyisa abenonya kakhulu kubabhikishi bokufika.
Okwesine, nakuba amalungu enhlangano ebonakala enobunye emzabalazweni wawo, kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwabahleli. Amamashi amabili ahlukene e-LA abonisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlela:
I-1 - Indlela eqinile, yokulwa, esekelwa inethiwekhi endala, ye-Chicano/Latino yesishoshovu esanquma amazinyo emizamweni yamalungelo e-Chicano yama-1960s. Leli qembu likhuthaze ukuduba okuphelele kukazwelonke kanye nesiteleka esivamile ngoSuku lukaMeyi: “Usuku Olungenabo Abafika Kwamanye Amazwe.†Banqaba izinhlelo zezisebenzi eziyisivakashi, nanoma yikuphi ukuyekelela kushwele ogcwele wabo bonke abokufika abangenazo izincwadi.
2 - Indlela eqaphe kakhulu, elwela izinguquko esekelwa osopolitiki, abaholi bezenkolo, o-DJ bezentengiselwano, namaqembu amela abokufika. Leli qembu, elinethonya elikhulu kunelokuqala, laba nomuzwa wokuthi ukuduba kwakuzohlukanisa abalingani, kudala ukuhlehla phakathi kweMelika evamile, futhi kubeke engozini imisebenzi yabasebenzi. Bamukela indlela yokuba yisakhamuzi esizuziwe noma sokuba ngumhlali, futhi baphikisana kakhulu nomthethosivivinywa we-Sensenbrenner we-draconian ophasiswe yiNdlu, owenza kube yicala labokufika abangenazo izincwadi.
Okwesihlanu, lokhu futhi ukunyakaza kwentsha. Ngokuhambisana nokugqugquzelwa okukhulu kwemindeni, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakathi nabasesikoleni esiphakeme abangabokufika noma izingane zabokufika, bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuziveza ngokwezombangazwe. NgoMashi 27, ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kwemashi eyingqophamlando eyisigidi e-LA, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabafundi abonakala evele aphuma emagumbini abo ekilasi kulo lonke elaseCalifornia nakwamanye amadolobha. Ama-walkout ahlelwe ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kwabaholi ababonakalayo, ngezwi-ngomlomo nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha (ukuthumela imiyalezo ngomakhalekhukhwini, amabhulethi e-Myspace.com, njll). Bethi bavikela abazali babo bokufika, abafundi babevame ukuphatha amafulege amaningi aseMexico kunamafulege ase-US. Kodwa-ke, ukuzimela kanye nesinyathelo esikhonjiswe ngabafundi sithole ukugxekwa okuthile okuvela emphakathini wabo. Abanye abagqugquzeli abadala bakugxekile ukuhamba ngezinyawo njengokukhulu ngokweqile, bebalula ubunzima bokufika kwabokufika ukulwela imfundo yezingane zabo.
Okwesithupha, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sezombangazwe sabahleli, umnyakazo uvame kakhulu. Ngokubona kwami, bamukela okuhle kwalokho okubizwa nge-American Dream, bayakulangazelela futhi bazimisele ukufunda isiNgisi, ukufanisa, nokuzulisa ifulegi lase-US (okuhambisana nefulegi laseMexico). Kunokuqonda okucacile ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwabo okuvela kuhulumeni namaqembu aqaphile njengeMinute Man Project, kunobandlululo. Kodwa akukho ukuxhumana okusobala okwenziwa empini yase-US e-Iraq noma ukusekelwa kweWashington kwezinqubomgomo ze-neo-liberal trade. Lona ukunyakaza kwabantu abasebenzayo abangafuni lutho ngaphandle kokuphila nokusebenza kanzima ngokuthula e-US, futhi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuboshwa noma ukuxoshwa.
Imibuzo
Okokuqala, kusho ukuthini ngale nhlangano ukubiza izinto zokushisekela izwe njengefulegi lase-US, uphawu lobukoloniyali, ingcindezelo, ukuthanda izwe okungaboni, kanye nothando lwempi? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungathulisa ukugxekwa kophiko olulungile lokuthi abokufika bangabafokazi abathembekile ezweni lakubo kune-US. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingena emcabangweni olungile wokuthi ukuze amukelwe e-US, umuntu kufanele abe “umMelika olungile,” ophephezelisa ifulegi, othanda izwe laseMelika. Ukukhishwa okuseduze kuka-Nuestro Himno, inguqulo yolimi lwesi-Spanish ye-Star Spangled Banner kubangele inkulumompikiswano efundisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkulumo eziningi ze-rally e-Los Angeles bezingeSpanishi, ikakhulukazi ngemashi yokuduba yasemini, futhi o-DJ abasize ukuhlanganisa abamashi baseziteshini zolimi lwesi-Spanish. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi labokufika libonakala liziqhelelanisa neNuestro Himno, lisaba ukuhlehla kwezakhamizi zase-US ezikhuluma isiNgisi. Bafuna ukucula i-Star Spangled Banner kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo yempi yolimi lwesiNgisi mhlawumbe ngomzamo wokukhombisa ukufaneleka kwabo ukuhlala.
Okwesibili, ingabe le nhlangano iyinhlangano yeLatino, inhlangano yabantu bokufika, noma inhlangano yabantu bemibala? Uma sibheka ukubonakala, e-LA okwamanje kuyinhlangano yeLatino. AmaLatinos yiwona ahlanganiswe kahle kakhulu (ngezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla), futhi abusa kakhulu futhi abonakala kumamashi. Kepha kuneminye imiphakathi yabokufika ikakhulukazi abase-Asia, njengabaseKorea nabaseNingizimu Asia abakhona ngamanani amancane. Ukwengeza, iningi labantu base-Afrika baseMelika abekho. Abanye baye bathi (u-Earl Ofari Hutchinson, u-Jasmyne Cannick) abaholi bokufika abafinyeleli ngokwanele kubantu abamnyama baseMelika. Kepha amaLatinos amaningi aphendula ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi babe nokukhanya kwe-lime. Ngokwezibalo zabo kubantu base-US, akungabazeki ukuthi amaLatinos akhishwe inyumbazane kwezombusazwe, abezindaba, imfundo, nakweminye imikhakha. Ingabe lena inhlangano entsha yamalungelo abantu baseLatinos?
Okwesithathu, ingabe lo mnyakazo uzololongwa “abaholi,†noma uthuthukise ukuzimela ngokwesifunda, umkhakha wokuqashwa, njll? Okwamanje kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungasho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlelwa kwezenzo ezinkulu kuhlelwe amaqembu amancane kakhulu ezishoshovu nabahleli. Kodwa abasebenzi bokufika nabo bazibambele mathupha ngokuhlanganisa izindawo zabo zokusebenza, bahlele imibuthano yendawo kanye nokuduba, njll. Ukuhamba kwabafundi nakho bekungahleliwe futhi kuzimele.
Okwesine, iMelika ethuthukayo izobhekana kanjani nale nhlangano entsha yabokufika? Ukuhlobana phakathi kwenqubomgomo yokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe engenabulungisa kanye nempi, ukucwasa ngokwebala, kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezinkampani kusobala. Ingabe sizozenza? Ingabe sizosithola isizathu esanele sezombusazwe sokuveza ubumbano? Izithiyo ezingaba khona yilezi:
I-1 - Izimpawu zokushisekela izwe zokunyakaza kwabokufika. Ngokwami ngiyangabaza ukuthenga izincazelo ezingakwesokudla zokuthi ubani ofanelekela ukuba yisakhamuzi sase-US. Kodwa-ke, abaningi enhlanganweni emelene nempi nabo bamukele ifulegi ngaphansi kwerubrikhi yokuthi “ukuphikisa kuwukushisekela izwe.
I-2 - Izinkolelo zezombusazwe eziphikisanayo. Abaningi eLatino ikakhulukazi, ukunyakaza kwamaKhatholika abokufika bamelene nokuhushula isisu, futhi bamelene ne-GLBT (futhi bayanda amaRepublican).
3 - Ukucwasa okukhona phakathi kwabathuthukayo. Ngokwesilinganiso sikazwelonke, izishoshovu eziningi ezithuthukayo azizange zicabangele izindaba zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe njengezifanele ukugqugquzelwa. Eminye imithombo yezindaba ayizange iveze ngokwanele izindaba zabokufika kuze kube kamuva nje. Kunokuchema okucashile kanye nokucwasa phakathi kwabathuthukayo mayelana nabokufika, ikakhulukazi abangenazo izincwadi, okufanele bamukelwe futhi banqotshwe.
Akekho owayelindele ukuthi esikhathini sika-9-11 sokucwaswa kwabokufika nokwesaba, abokufika babezohlela ngesibindi nangokubonakala. Naphezu kwemibuzo eminingi ngekusasa lenhlangano, into eyodwa eqinisekile - inhlangano entsha yabokufika imemezela ukuthi kungenzeka kube noshintsho olukhulu lwezombangazwe e-US.
——————————————————————————————- U-Sonali Kolhatkar ungumsakazi nomdidiyeli we-Uprising, uhlelo lomsakazo we-drive time e-KPFK, ePacifica Radio eLos Angeles. “Ungumfokazi” e-US, odabuka e-India, ozalelwe futhi wakhulela e-United Arab Emirates, ehlala e-US iminyaka engu-15.