Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, isinqumo sangena kuJohn Walker Lindh, "i-American Taliban" eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala owalwa nohulumeni wangaphambili wase-Afghanistan. U-Lindh weqe udilikajele ngamacala obuphekula ngokuvuma icala lokunikeza usizo enhlanganweni yamaphekula kanye nokuphatha iziqhumane (isibhamu namabhomu amabili) ngenkathi enza leyo nkonzo. Ubhekene neminyaka efinyelela kwengama-20 ejele, ukulahlekelwa ubunsizwa bakhe ebusheni bakhe ezweni laseMelika elikhulu, elingenakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni jikelele lokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi.
Akukacaci ukuthi kungani uLindh aguqukela ku-Islam lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala noma ukuthi izimo zomndeni wakhe kanye/noma indawo ezungezile yase-California yadlala yiphi indima kulokho kuguqulwa. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani abazali bakhe beseka isinqumo sakhe sokuthuthela eYemen noma ukuthi waqeqeshwa ekamu lamaphekula elaliphethwe yi-al-Qaeda.
Ngiyasola kodwa angazi ukuthi ubesabela impilo yakhe uma ezama ukweqa ngemuva kokuhlasela kwangoSepthemba 11. Akucaci futhi kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi wake waba nethemba lokuthola isinxephezelo sezezimali ngezincwadi, ukubonakala kwe-TV kanye/noma okunye ukukhushulwa okuhlobene nolwazi lwakhe oluyinqaba - okunqatshelwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yesivumelwano sokunxusa sangomhla zili-14 kuJulayi.
Nokho, kusobala ngokusobala ukuthi โamacala amabiโ kaLindh mancane ngokuhlekwayo uma eqhathaniswa nalawo enziwe abenzi bezinqubomgomo base-United States ngaphambi nangesikhathi se-โWar on Terrorismโ yaseMelika (WOT) yangemva kwe-9-11 (WOT), lapho abandakanyeka khona engazi. U-Lindh, ukuqina kwezinyawo zesikhashana ebuthweni elikude le-rag-tag, angathola iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ngokuphatha isibhamu namabhomu amabili, ngaphandle kobufakazi bokuthi wake walimala ngempela njengezeze. Mingaki-ke iminyaka evalelwe ejele abagadi be-Western Civilization bahlongoza abathathi-zinqumo base-US abangamaphekula njengowayenguNobhala Wezwe uHenry Kissinger?
U-Kissinger unecala lobugebengu bempi kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini ezindaweni ezikude njenge-Cambodia, East Timor, Cyprus, Chile, kanye neVietnam (ukuthola imininingwane bheka Isivivinyo sika-Christopher Hitchens sika-Henry Kissinger - 2001). Phakathi kwezisulu zikaDkt. Kissinger kukhona abangu-250,000 base-East Timorese, ababulawa ekuhlaselweni okucekela phansi uhlanga okwagunyazwa futhi kwahlonyiswa yi-United States ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaKissinger noMongameli Ford ngo-1975.
U-Kissinger uthola izimali ezishisiwe zokukhuluma, ukubonakala kwabezindaba, nezinkontileka zezincwadi, ezithengiselwa izethameli nabafundi njengobuhlakani bomunye wezinduna zempucuko.
Khona-ke, mingaki-ke iminyaka koMongameli base-United States nezinye izikhulu zezempi ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo kweSikole SaseMelika esidume kabi, muva nje siqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi โi-Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperationโ ngenxa yemibhikisho yokusiza abantu? "Emashumini eminyaka ikhona," uRahul Mahajan ubhala ku-New Crusade yakhe enhle kakhulu: I-American's War on Terrorism (NY: Monthly Review Press, 2002), i-SOA "iphothule amakhulukhulu omashiqela bezempi, abaholi beqembu lokufa, ukuhlukunyezwa nabanye ziye zasakaza usizi kulo lonke elaseLatin America.โ
Kuye kwaveza, ukunikeza esinye sezibonelo eziningi, u-Efraim Rios Montt, โokubusa kwakhe kokwesaba eGuatemala ngawo-1980,โ kuphawula uMahajan, โabona ukubulawa kwamaNdiya angamaMayan angaphezu kuka-100,000 XNUMX.โ Irekhodi le-SOA lokufa nokubhujiswa lenza i-al-Qaeda ibukeke njengeqembu elincane nakuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uBin Laden nethimba lakhe baqale ngosizo olubalulekile oluvela ku-opharetha we-SOA, e-United States.
Yiziphi izigwebo abaphathi bezobulungiswa bomhlaba abahlongoza uGeorge Bush Senior kanye noGeneral Norman Scwarzkopf nganoma yiliphi inani lobugebengu ngesikhathi se-Persian Gulf "War," okuhlanganisa nesibhicongo "Imigwaqo Yokufa", lapho amabhomu ase-US ehlasela ngokungenasihawu izinkulungwane zamasosha kanye nezakhamuzi ezihoxayo. izimoto eziphephezelisa amafulegi amhlophe? Mingaki iminyaka yezikhulu zePentagon ezayala ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi namadamu e-Iraq, okwenza "ukuqhuma kwezifo ezibangelwa amanzi" (Mahajan) lapho?
Mingaki iminyaka kuBill Clinton, owayala ukuthi kushaye u-August 1998 imicibisholo ejikijelwayo esikhungweni semithi i-El Shifa eSudan, okwaholela ezinkulungwaneni zokufa kwabantu? UClinton uphinde waqhubekisa unswinyo lwezomnotho olwathatha izimpilo zezingane zase-Iraq ezingafinyelela ku-500,000 phakathi kokuphela kweMpi YaseGulf kanye no-1996.
Bangaki kuNobhala Wezwe kaClinton uMadeline Albright, owatshela intatheli ye-60 Minutes u-Leslie Stahl ukuthi "inani" lalezo zingozi ezibangelwa yi-US "yayifanele" ukufeza izinhloso ezinhle ze-US zomhlaba jikelele? KuClinton no-Albright mayelana "nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu" kwe-1999 yaseSerbia, okwakuqondise ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo yabantu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi nokukhiqizwa kukagesi?
Mingaki iminyaka kubenzi benqubomgomo abaphezulu base-US abanikeza ukwesekwa kwezomnotho okubalulekile kanye ne-US ethuthukisiwe (i-Boeing ne-Lockheed-Martin) eyenziwe ukusekelwa kwezempi kokuhlala kuka-Israel okungekho emthethweni, okubulalayo, nokucwasa ngokwebala endaweni yasePalestine? Isibonelo sakamuva kakhulu sobuphekula bakwa-Israel obungashiwongo ngokusemthethweni sibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-F-16 fighter ukuze kulinganiswe yonke indawo yokuhlala efulethini laseGaza. Intengo yalo nyaka yabakhokhi bentela base-US ekusekeleni ubandlululo lwase-Israel iyizigidigidi ezi-2.76 zamaRandi.
Ukuphendukela empini yamanje yase-US yokulwa nobushokobezi yokwandisa umbuso namandla kahulumeni ngenkathi isebenzela izithakazelo zikawoyela ekhaya naphesheya, mingaki iminyaka kaBush Junior, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uDonald Rumsfeld, nezinye izikhulu eziphezulu ngezinkulungwane zezakhamizi zase-Afghan ezingenacala abanazo ngobuqili. isusiwe? Izisulu zokubikezelwa kalula futhi empeleni okubikezelwe kabanzi "umonakalo owenzelwa isibambiso" ukuthi izikhulu zase-US kanye nemithombo yezindaba "ejwayelekile" (yezinkampani ngempela) isebenze ukucindezela ngobugebengu, lezo zakhamuzi zafa ukuze i-US igcine ukwethembeka okufanele embusweni. ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba.
Lalela ukuphawula "kwesikhulu esingaziwa sePentagon" ngokushona kwezakhamizi ezingama-93 ngo-Okthoba 22nd kuhlasela idolobhana laseChowkar-Karez: "abantu bakhona bafile ngoba besifuna bafe." Isikhulu sePentagon esingaziwa sasingasho okufanayo mayelana neziboshwa ezingaphezu kuka-600 ezihlangene neTaliban ezibulewe, eziningi ziboshwe izandla emhlane, ekuhlaselweni okwenziwa yiNorthern Alliance ngosizo lwamabhomu aseMelika kanye nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.
Lolo ulimi lwe-Mafia Don, ofuna kuqondwe ukuthi akekho othinta ukuhlinzwa kwakhe ngaphandle kokuphulwa kwemilenze.
Akunamsebenzi, ngokusobala, ukuthi iningi lamacala angama-9-11 bekungamaSaudis. Kwakungekho noyedwa umuntu wozalo lwase-Afghan ezindizeni ezine eziduniwe. Noma kunjalo, ngokulinganisa okucutshungulwe kahle, okukaprofesa webhizinisi uMarc Herold, amabhomu ase-US abulale izakhamuzi zase-Afghan ezingaphezu kuka-4,000, edlula inani lemizimba ye-9-11, phakathi kuka-Okthoba noJanuwari.
Kunezinye izibonelo eziningi, futhi sibheke phambili ezinkulumweni ezikhokhelwayo zesikhathi esizayo zikaRumsfeld, ukucabanga, kanye nezikhumbuzo, okusibuyisela ezinsukwini ezikhuthazayo lapho isizwe esinamandla emlandweni sichoboza izakhamuzi zangaphambi kwezimboni kanye nabelusi bezimvu kwesinye sezifundazwe ezibuthaka nezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni. . Izikhumbuzo zakhe ezisemthethweni ngeke zikunake kakhulu ukuthi abaphathi bakaBush bamisa uphenyo lobuphekula lweTaliban ehlobo lika-2001, ngenhloso yokwakha ipayipi likawoyela elinobungani lase-US elinqamula e-Afghanistan.
Ubani-ke isigebengu sangempela kulezi zinsuku - uJohnny [Walker Lindh] Taliban noma uDonny [Rumsfeld] Pentagon? Amacala okugcina, vele, kanye nalawo eqembu lakhe, ayaqhubeka futhi angase avele maduze ekuhlaselweni kwama impiriyali anegazi e-Iraq.
Kunjalo, ukumane ubuze le mibuzo e-US okungenani kuwukukhombisa isimo somuntu njengelungu lezinhlanya. Kuwukuzivulela icala elithi "anti-Americanism," lokuba sohlangothini olungalungile lwe-division of all-or-nothing of the world - "kungaba unathi noma ukanye namaphekula" - kumenyezelwe ngu. George W. Bush ngoSepthemba 20. Futhi wukuthuthukisa umuzwa ojulile wokuthi kungani i-US isebenze kanzima kangaka ukubukela phansi iNkantolo Yamacala Obugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe, amanye amazwe ayibona ngokuqondakalayo njengesinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokubusa komthetho womhlaba.
Akudingekile ukuthi ujoyine i-Islamic Jihad ukuze weqe uhlelo lomhlaba omusha kanye nesimo somhlaba wonke sobulungiswa bobugebengu esimenyezelwe nguBush, uRumsfeld, Rice, nabanye. Kufanele nje ube nakho ukuze uthuthukise, ngezizathu ezinhle, imibuzo ebucayi mayelana nezinga uhulumeni wase-US aphikisana ngalo nokholakalayo hhayi empeleni uchwepheshe ophambili wobuphekula. Kufanele nje ubambe iqiniso elingashiwongo: ukuthi impi yaseMelika yobushokobezi ikakhulukazi imayelana โnokwandiswa nokugcinwa kwamandla kahulumeni wase-US, ekhaya naphesheya. Ezinye izisusa,โ kuphawula uMahajan ngokufanelekile, โazizesibili.โ
UPaul Street ungumcwaningi wenqubomgomo yezenhlalo, isazi-mlando, nombhali ozimele eChicago, e-Illinois. . Izindatshana zakhe, ama-eseyi, kanye nemibhalo yokuhlela kuvele ku-In These Times, Monthly Review, Disent, The Chicago Tribune, Social History, kanye ne-Z Magazine.