Gonsalves

Ngi

ukhohlisiwe! Kodwa ngenxa yomlobi we-New York Times uThomas Friedman, kunethemba

okwami ​​okwamanje. “IMelika ilahlekelwe yimpi yenkulumo-ze noSaddam. Isikhathi,” kubhala yena

emuva ngoFebhuwari.

Lokhu

kwenzeke ngezizathu eziningi, kuchaza uFriedman. "Okunye, uSaddam ngokuphelele

iWashington eyaphuma impi ye-propaganda. Konke okuzwayo nokufundayo kwabezindaba

lapha ukuthi unswinyo lubulala abantu base-Iraqi - okuyiqiniso. Kodwa

izimpikiswano zase-US zokuthi ngokuhambisana nezinqumo ze-U.N. uSaddam angakwazi

ukuthi lezo zijeziso zisuswe noma nini azizwakali,” kubhala yena.

The

Okumangazayo ukuthi: Angizange ngikhohliswe uSaddam nongqongqoshe bakhe benkulumo-ze. I

yahlukunyezwa yiMelika kanye neminye imithombo yaseNtshonalanga yobuqotho obumangalisayo.

Ngemva kwempi, uCol. John Warden wachaza ukuthi abahleli bezempi babehlose kanjani

Ingqalasizinda yabantu base-Iraq ukuze inikeze "inzuzo yesikhathi eside," ngokugcwele

ulwazi lokuthi “kungaholela ekwandeni kwezigameko, uma kungenjalo izifo eziwumshayabhuqe

isifo.”

Bese

ngo-March 1991, i- New York Times yakhipha isihloko ekhasini lokuqala ngombiko we-U.N

echaza ukuthi impi emelene ne-Iraq idale kanjani “umonakalo odalwe eduze kwe-apocalyptic,” kanye

kanye “nendlala nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.” Lo mbiko ubufuna “ukusekela ukuphila okukhulu

usizo,” exwayisa ngokuthi “isikhathi sasifushane.”

The

Indaba ifinyeze isikhundla sase-U.S. mayelana nezijeziso - "... ngokwenza impilo

Ukungakhululeki kubantu base-Iraq ekugcineni kuzobakhuthaza ukuthi basuse

UMongameli Sad-dam Hussein ovela emandleni."

With

ukumba kancane, ngathola ukuthi “ukungakhululeki” kwakusho ukungabi nagesi, cha

amanzi, azikho izinhlelo zokukhuculula indle, kanye nobhadane olubangelwa izifo ezitholakala emanzini

kubantu base-Iraqi, okuholele ithimba locwaningo lwe-Harvard (ngaphansi) ukulinganisa iminyaka eyi-10

edlule ukuthi izingane ze-170,000 zase-Iraq zizofa ngenxa yenswinyo.

Ini

kwangigeza ngempela ubuchopho kwakuyinhlolovo yango-1992 eyanyatheliswa kuyi-New England Jour-nal

Wemithi. Odokotela abavela eHarvard, Johns Hopkins nase-Oxford baya e-Iraq ukuze

funda umphumela wezijeziso. Babika ukuthi ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwe-Iraq

ingqalasizinda, izingane zase-Iraq ezingama-46,900 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 zashona kwabayisishiyagalombili bokuqala

izinyanga zika-1991.

At

kulelo phuzu, ngangisendleleni eya e-dupe-dom - ngokungangabazeki ngoba “i-U.S.

izingxabano eziphikisayo ... azikaze zizwakale." Lokho kuyiqiniso elingaguquki, elijwayelekile

Abantu baseMelika kumele babe nesineke kakhulu ngoba izingxabano zase-US bezilokhu zinjalo

idlale njengerekhodi elidabukile kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba, nezikhulu zase-U.S

esola uSaddam kuphela.

"Uma

ufuna ubudlelwano obuhlukile…okufanele akwenze ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwakhe,”

ngokusho kukaMengameli wangaphambili uClinton.

The

amakhasi emibono afundeke kahle e-New York Times "ekhululekile" acacisa unswinyo

ingqondo. “Inhloso yezijeziso zomhlaba wonke wukunxenxa ukuketulwa

Umbuso kaSaddam wokuqothula uhlanga,” kubhala uWilliam Safire. "Uma ucindezela i-Iraq isikhathi eside

sekwanele, abantu base-Iraq bazomxosha uSaddam,” kusho uFriedman, obengafihli

wachaza "ingqondo yezigwegwe."

Kuze

UFriedman wangivusa ebuthongweni bami obuqinile, ngabuza ngobuwula: sinjani

asinasibopho nakancane ngemiphumela ehlosiwe yenswinyo thina

ebekiwe? Uma unswinyo luzo "cindezela i-Iraq isikhathi eside ngokwanele" ukuze "i-Iraqi

abantu bazokhipha iSad-dam,” kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinqumo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha zibeke

unswinyo alusho lutho ngomgomo onjalo?

Futhi,

uma iningi labantu base-Iraqi bephoqeleka ukuba baphile ngezandla, kanjani

ngabe kufanele babize amandla okuxosha umashiqela?

I

thola induduzo ekwazini ukuthi akumina ngedwa okhohlisiwe. Denis Halliday,

owayengumxhumanisi wosizo lwabantu we-UN e-Iraq, kanye nomlandeli wakhe uHans von Sponeck

bobabili basayine kabusha bekhalaza unswinyo, belubiza ngokuthi ukubulawa kwabantu. Engeza kulokho

bhala uScott Ritter, umhloli omkhulu we-UNSCOM e-Iraq, upapa kanye nama-53 ase-U.S. Catholic

ababhishobhi.

Kungenzeka

isisulu esikhulu “sempi eyanqotshwa nguSaddam” yiThe Economist. "Uma, ngonyaka,

unyaka wonke, i-UN yayibulala ngokuhlelekile izingane zase-Iraq ngeziteleka zomoya,

Ohulumeni baseNtshonalanga bazomemezela ukuthi ngeke kubekezeleleke, noma ngabe kuhle kangakanani

inhloso. Kufanele bathole inqubomgomo yabo ekhona ingamukelekile. Ku

ngentando yeningi, isiphetho asizilungisi izindlela,” kusho i-Conservative Economist

ivulwe ngonyaka odlule.

On

NgoJulayi 3, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN uhlelelwe ukuvota ngalokho uBush

i-administration ibiza “izijeziso ezintsha, ezihlakaniphile.”

"Ihlezi endaweni yokugcina uwoyela yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, i-Iraq yake yaba yipolitiki

eceleni, izwe elithuthukile. Manje izinga layo lokuphila liyalingana

e-Ethiopia; I-UNICEF iqinisekisa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokufa kwezingane e-Iraq ngamaphesenti angu-160

kusukela ngo-1991; futhi abaphakathi banyamalele,” kubika i Economist

ngenyanga edlule.

Usizo

thina Mnu. Friedman. Siyakhohliswa!

"I-Iraq

idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha imboni yayo, amagridi ayo kagesi kanye nayo

izikole, futhi idinga imali esandleni ukuze ikhokhele onjiniyela bayo, odokotela nothisha. Lutho

lokhu kubukeka kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezijeziso ezihlakaniphile,” kuphetha i-Economist.

Is

akukho mpumuzo kwabahlukunyezwa abalandeli bakaSaddam?

Manje,

kulabo abavumelana nenxusa laseBrithani nombhali u-Arthur Ponsonby lokho

"Lapho kumenyezelwa impi, Iqiniso liyisisulu sokuqala," kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza lokho

empeleni hlola isiphakamiso sokuphatha kukaBush "sonswinyo olusha, oluhlakaniphile"

ngokumelene ne-Iraq. Ukuthi babizwa ngokuthi "izijeziso ezihlakaniphile" kucacile

ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje lwezonswinyo luyisimungulu.

Phakathi

labo bagxeki yizikhulu ezimbili zangaphambili ze-UN ezinobuqotho obungenasici - uDenis

UHalliday noHans von Sponeck abashiye izikhundla zabo bebhikisha, bebiza i-

unswinyo “i-genocide.” Lelo yigama elisetshenziswa ngisho nanguScott odla ngoludala

U-Ritter, indoda yezempi futhi owayengumhloli omkhulu we-UNSCOM e-Iraq.

The

ushintsho olukhulu "ngezijeziso ezihlakaniphile" ukuthi uhlu luzodwetshwa, lubekwe

khipha ukuthi yiziphi izinto zezempi noma "ezikabili" ezizovinjelwa, esikhundleni samanje

inqubomgomo lapho ukungenisa kuvunyelwe e-Iraq kuphela uma esohlwini lwe

izimpahla ezivumelekile.

Abasekeli baphikisana ngokuthi uhlelo olusha luzokwandisa inani lezimpahla ezigelezayo

e-Iraq ukuze umphakathi jikelele ungahlupheki ngokungafanele njengabo

sibe naso kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngenkathi siqinisa izilawuli kunoma yikuphi ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe lokho

ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zempi.

The

unswinyo lwamanje lubiza amaphesenti angu-100, ukuchithwa kwezikhali kwe-Iraq

Uhlelo lwe-Weap-ons of Mass Destruction. Ngenkathi i-UNSCOM ikhishwa e-Iraq

Ngo-1998, uhlelo lwe-WMD lwase-Iraq lwahlakazwa ngendlela efanele, ngokusho kukaRitter.

Ngeshwa, u-Ritter uyanezela, i-benchmark ye-100% ayinakwenzeka nje kuphela

ukufinyelela, isetshenziselwa ukuthethelela unswinyo unomphela, ukunikeza i-Iraq cha

isisusa sokuthobela; ukungasho lutho mayelana namathuba okuthi i-Iraq ayisoze yaba khona

ikwazi ukukhokha izimangalo zokunxeshezelwa kwempi, efinyelela ku- $ 320 billion kusukela ngo-Okthoba

2000.

Ukuhlaziya izitatimende zezikhulu zase-US, kubonakala kugqugquzelekile

“Izinhlawulo ezihlakaniphile” wukususa umbono womphakathi ekubeni usole unswinyo

inhlekelele yobuntu e-Iraq.

Ku-an

ukuhlaziya okuhle kakhulu kwesiphakamiso esisha ngumqondisi we-Inter-Church Action, a

umfelandawonye wamabandla nama-ejensi aseCanada asebenza ezindabeni “zentuthuko,

impumuzo nobulungiswa” e-Afrika, e-Asia-Pacific naseLatin America, eDale

U-Hildebrand ucaphuna isikhulu sase-United States esithi: “Eqinisweni, lolu wushintsho

imibono. Iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi ama-Iraqi abulawa yindlala ngoba iNtshonalanga embi

ukuvimba imithi...Sithatha ithuluzi lezijeziso njengenkulumo-ze

eSaddam.”

The

Uhlu oluvimbela i-Hardware yezempi ecacile alunangqondo, uma kunikezwe i-Saddam's

irekhodi elibi lamalungelo abantu. Nokho, uhlu lwezinto ezivinjelwe "zokusetshenziswa okukabili".

idinga ukuhlolisiswa okuncane. Isibonelo, uma kubhekwa indawo emaphakathi yekhompyutha

ubuchwepheshe kunoma yimuphi umnotho wesimanje, unswinyo oluhlakaniphile luzonquma kanjani ukuthi yini

izingxenye ngezezinjongo zomphakathi futhi okungenzeka zisetshenziselwe

izinjongo zempi?

“An

Isikhulu saseMelika esibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kohlu olusha lwezinto ezivinjelwe sasho lokho

uhlelo olusha lwenzelwe ukuvimbela i-Iraq ekutholeni izikhali ezinkulu

ukucekelwa phansi, imicibisholo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzakha,” kusho u-Hildebrand

out.

"The

umqondo wokusetshenziswa okukabili, lapho usetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezimpahleni ezithile ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi

emandleni kanye nobuchwepheshe, kungaba ngokushesha izaba ukuvinjwa

ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezinkulu zomnotho wabantu,” kubhala yena.

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yenswinyo uhlelo lwe-Oil-For-Food, i-US

abahleli bakhomba njengobufakazi bokukhathazeka kwethu kobuntu. Ngeshwa, i-

ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo akuqondwa kabi abantu abaningi baseMelika abebengakwenza

uma kungenjalo izophikisana nokusetha kwayo kwamanje.

Hans

u-von Sponeck, owaphatha uhlelo lwe-UN waze wasula ngokubhikisha, uyachaza lokho

amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili kawoyela i-Iraq evunyelwe ukuwathengisa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ihumusha

ibe ngu-$182.70 umuntu ngamunye, ngonyaka. Lokho kungu-$15.23 ngenyanga. UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha

ibona lezo zinhlinzeko zanele zonke izidingo zezakhamizi zase-Iraq, ngisho

nakuba u-von Sponeck echaze ngokuningiliziwe, ezikhathini eziningi, i

ukushiyeka kwesistimu elawula wonke umnotho wase-Iraq kusuka kwezokuPhepha

Amahhovisi omkhandlu. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abaholi bemakethe yamahhala abayigxeki le

ububi balowo myalo wezomnotho).

Iziphetho zikaHidlebrand kufanelekile ukuzindla. “Yize izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zingase

kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuthile kwabantu base-Iraq - kusobala ukuthi bayakwenza

ayilingani nezinguquko ezinqala kunqubomgomo….ezidingekayo ukubhekana nenye yazo

izingxabano ezimbi kakhulu ezithinta abantu nezombusazwe emlandweni wamuva.”

As

owayengummeli wombuso wase-US u-Kate Pflaumer usikhumbuza esiqeshini sakhe sesibili

emasontweni edlule, kunzima ukuthatha ngokungathi sína "umthetho womthetho" lapho abaholi

wengqalasizinda yamahhala yebhomu lomhlaba ephula iGeneva

Isivumelwano futhi yephule isifanekiso sikahulumeni wase-US mayelana nobuphekula ngokudala futhi

ukugcina izimo ezisongela ukuphila ukuze kuphoqelelwe isizwe esizimele kanye naso

izakhamuzi.