Gonsalves
Ngi
ukhohlisiwe! Kodwa ngenxa yomlobi we-New York Times uThomas Friedman, kunethemba
okwami okwamanje. “IMelika ilahlekelwe yimpi yenkulumo-ze noSaddam. Isikhathi,” kubhala yena
emuva ngoFebhuwari.
Lokhu
kwenzeke ngezizathu eziningi, kuchaza uFriedman. "Okunye, uSaddam ngokuphelele
iWashington eyaphuma impi ye-propaganda. Konke okuzwayo nokufundayo kwabezindaba
lapha ukuthi unswinyo lubulala abantu base-Iraqi - okuyiqiniso. Kodwa
izimpikiswano zase-US zokuthi ngokuhambisana nezinqumo ze-U.N. uSaddam angakwazi
ukuthi lezo zijeziso zisuswe noma nini azizwakali,” kubhala yena.
The
Okumangazayo ukuthi: Angizange ngikhohliswe uSaddam nongqongqoshe bakhe benkulumo-ze. I
yahlukunyezwa yiMelika kanye neminye imithombo yaseNtshonalanga yobuqotho obumangalisayo.
Ngemva kwempi, uCol. John Warden wachaza ukuthi abahleli bezempi babehlose kanjani
Ingqalasizinda yabantu base-Iraq ukuze inikeze "inzuzo yesikhathi eside," ngokugcwele
ulwazi lokuthi “kungaholela ekwandeni kwezigameko, uma kungenjalo izifo eziwumshayabhuqe
isifo.”
Bese
ngo-March 1991, i- New York Times yakhipha isihloko ekhasini lokuqala ngombiko we-U.N
echaza ukuthi impi emelene ne-Iraq idale kanjani “umonakalo odalwe eduze kwe-apocalyptic,” kanye
kanye “nendlala nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.” Lo mbiko ubufuna “ukusekela ukuphila okukhulu
usizo,” exwayisa ngokuthi “isikhathi sasifushane.”
The
Indaba ifinyeze isikhundla sase-U.S. mayelana nezijeziso - "... ngokwenza impilo
Ukungakhululeki kubantu base-Iraq ekugcineni kuzobakhuthaza ukuthi basuse
UMongameli Sad-dam Hussein ovela emandleni."
With
ukumba kancane, ngathola ukuthi “ukungakhululeki” kwakusho ukungabi nagesi, cha
amanzi, azikho izinhlelo zokukhuculula indle, kanye nobhadane olubangelwa izifo ezitholakala emanzini
kubantu base-Iraqi, okuholele ithimba locwaningo lwe-Harvard (ngaphansi) ukulinganisa iminyaka eyi-10
edlule ukuthi izingane ze-170,000 zase-Iraq zizofa ngenxa yenswinyo.
Ini
kwangigeza ngempela ubuchopho kwakuyinhlolovo yango-1992 eyanyatheliswa kuyi-New England Jour-nal
Wemithi. Odokotela abavela eHarvard, Johns Hopkins nase-Oxford baya e-Iraq ukuze
funda umphumela wezijeziso. Babika ukuthi ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwe-Iraq
ingqalasizinda, izingane zase-Iraq ezingama-46,900 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 zashona kwabayisishiyagalombili bokuqala
izinyanga zika-1991.
At
kulelo phuzu, ngangisendleleni eya e-dupe-dom - ngokungangabazeki ngoba “i-U.S.
izingxabano eziphikisayo ... azikaze zizwakale." Lokho kuyiqiniso elingaguquki, elijwayelekile
Abantu baseMelika kumele babe nesineke kakhulu ngoba izingxabano zase-US bezilokhu zinjalo
idlale njengerekhodi elidabukile kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba, nezikhulu zase-U.S
esola uSaddam kuphela.
"Uma
ufuna ubudlelwano obuhlukile…okufanele akwenze ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwakhe,”
ngokusho kukaMengameli wangaphambili uClinton.
The
amakhasi emibono afundeke kahle e-New York Times "ekhululekile" acacisa unswinyo
ingqondo. “Inhloso yezijeziso zomhlaba wonke wukunxenxa ukuketulwa
Umbuso kaSaddam wokuqothula uhlanga,” kubhala uWilliam Safire. "Uma ucindezela i-Iraq isikhathi eside
sekwanele, abantu base-Iraq bazomxosha uSaddam,” kusho uFriedman, obengafihli
wachaza "ingqondo yezigwegwe."
Kuze
UFriedman wangivusa ebuthongweni bami obuqinile, ngabuza ngobuwula: sinjani
asinasibopho nakancane ngemiphumela ehlosiwe yenswinyo thina
ebekiwe? Uma unswinyo luzo "cindezela i-Iraq isikhathi eside ngokwanele" ukuze "i-Iraqi
abantu bazokhipha iSad-dam,” kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinqumo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha zibeke
unswinyo alusho lutho ngomgomo onjalo?
Futhi,
uma iningi labantu base-Iraqi bephoqeleka ukuba baphile ngezandla, kanjani
ngabe kufanele babize amandla okuxosha umashiqela?
I
thola induduzo ekwazini ukuthi akumina ngedwa okhohlisiwe. Denis Halliday,
owayengumxhumanisi wosizo lwabantu we-UN e-Iraq, kanye nomlandeli wakhe uHans von Sponeck
bobabili basayine kabusha bekhalaza unswinyo, belubiza ngokuthi ukubulawa kwabantu. Engeza kulokho
bhala uScott Ritter, umhloli omkhulu we-UNSCOM e-Iraq, upapa kanye nama-53 ase-U.S. Catholic
ababhishobhi.
Kungenzeka
isisulu esikhulu “sempi eyanqotshwa nguSaddam” yiThe Economist. "Uma, ngonyaka,
unyaka wonke, i-UN yayibulala ngokuhlelekile izingane zase-Iraq ngeziteleka zomoya,
Ohulumeni baseNtshonalanga bazomemezela ukuthi ngeke kubekezeleleke, noma ngabe kuhle kangakanani
inhloso. Kufanele bathole inqubomgomo yabo ekhona ingamukelekile. Ku
ngentando yeningi, isiphetho asizilungisi izindlela,” kusho i-Conservative Economist
ivulwe ngonyaka odlule.
On
NgoJulayi 3, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN uhlelelwe ukuvota ngalokho uBush
i-administration ibiza “izijeziso ezintsha, ezihlakaniphile.”
"Ihlezi endaweni yokugcina uwoyela yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, i-Iraq yake yaba yipolitiki
eceleni, izwe elithuthukile. Manje izinga layo lokuphila liyalingana
e-Ethiopia; I-UNICEF iqinisekisa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokufa kwezingane e-Iraq ngamaphesenti angu-160
kusukela ngo-1991; futhi abaphakathi banyamalele,” kubika i Economist
ngenyanga edlule.
Usizo
thina Mnu. Friedman. Siyakhohliswa!
"I-Iraq
idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha imboni yayo, amagridi ayo kagesi kanye nayo
izikole, futhi idinga imali esandleni ukuze ikhokhele onjiniyela bayo, odokotela nothisha. Lutho
lokhu kubukeka kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezijeziso ezihlakaniphile,” kuphetha i-Economist.
Is
akukho mpumuzo kwabahlukunyezwa abalandeli bakaSaddam?
Manje,
kulabo abavumelana nenxusa laseBrithani nombhali u-Arthur Ponsonby lokho
"Lapho kumenyezelwa impi, Iqiniso liyisisulu sokuqala," kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza lokho
empeleni hlola isiphakamiso sokuphatha kukaBush "sonswinyo olusha, oluhlakaniphile"
ngokumelene ne-Iraq. Ukuthi babizwa ngokuthi "izijeziso ezihlakaniphile" kucacile
ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje lwezonswinyo luyisimungulu.
Phakathi
labo bagxeki yizikhulu ezimbili zangaphambili ze-UN ezinobuqotho obungenasici - uDenis
UHalliday noHans von Sponeck abashiye izikhundla zabo bebhikisha, bebiza i-
unswinyo “i-genocide.” Lelo yigama elisetshenziswa ngisho nanguScott odla ngoludala
U-Ritter, indoda yezempi futhi owayengumhloli omkhulu we-UNSCOM e-Iraq.
The
ushintsho olukhulu "ngezijeziso ezihlakaniphile" ukuthi uhlu luzodwetshwa, lubekwe
khipha ukuthi yiziphi izinto zezempi noma "ezikabili" ezizovinjelwa, esikhundleni samanje
inqubomgomo lapho ukungenisa kuvunyelwe e-Iraq kuphela uma esohlwini lwe
izimpahla ezivumelekile.
Abasekeli baphikisana ngokuthi uhlelo olusha luzokwandisa inani lezimpahla ezigelezayo
e-Iraq ukuze umphakathi jikelele ungahlupheki ngokungafanele njengabo
sibe naso kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngenkathi siqinisa izilawuli kunoma yikuphi ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe lokho
ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zempi.
The
unswinyo lwamanje lubiza amaphesenti angu-100, ukuchithwa kwezikhali kwe-Iraq
Uhlelo lwe-Weap-ons of Mass Destruction. Ngenkathi i-UNSCOM ikhishwa e-Iraq
Ngo-1998, uhlelo lwe-WMD lwase-Iraq lwahlakazwa ngendlela efanele, ngokusho kukaRitter.
Ngeshwa, u-Ritter uyanezela, i-benchmark ye-100% ayinakwenzeka nje kuphela
ukufinyelela, isetshenziselwa ukuthethelela unswinyo unomphela, ukunikeza i-Iraq cha
isisusa sokuthobela; ukungasho lutho mayelana namathuba okuthi i-Iraq ayisoze yaba khona
ikwazi ukukhokha izimangalo zokunxeshezelwa kwempi, efinyelela ku- $ 320 billion kusukela ngo-Okthoba
2000.
Ukuhlaziya izitatimende zezikhulu zase-US, kubonakala kugqugquzelekile
“Izinhlawulo ezihlakaniphile” wukususa umbono womphakathi ekubeni usole unswinyo
inhlekelele yobuntu e-Iraq.
Ku-an
ukuhlaziya okuhle kakhulu kwesiphakamiso esisha ngumqondisi we-Inter-Church Action, a
umfelandawonye wamabandla nama-ejensi aseCanada asebenza ezindabeni “zentuthuko,
impumuzo nobulungiswa” e-Afrika, e-Asia-Pacific naseLatin America, eDale
U-Hildebrand ucaphuna isikhulu sase-United States esithi: “Eqinisweni, lolu wushintsho
imibono. Iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi ama-Iraqi abulawa yindlala ngoba iNtshonalanga embi
ukuvimba imithi...Sithatha ithuluzi lezijeziso njengenkulumo-ze
eSaddam.”
The
Uhlu oluvimbela i-Hardware yezempi ecacile alunangqondo, uma kunikezwe i-Saddam's
irekhodi elibi lamalungelo abantu. Nokho, uhlu lwezinto ezivinjelwe "zokusetshenziswa okukabili".
idinga ukuhlolisiswa okuncane. Isibonelo, uma kubhekwa indawo emaphakathi yekhompyutha
ubuchwepheshe kunoma yimuphi umnotho wesimanje, unswinyo oluhlakaniphile luzonquma kanjani ukuthi yini
izingxenye ngezezinjongo zomphakathi futhi okungenzeka zisetshenziselwe
izinjongo zempi?
“An
Isikhulu saseMelika esibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kohlu olusha lwezinto ezivinjelwe sasho lokho
uhlelo olusha lwenzelwe ukuvimbela i-Iraq ekutholeni izikhali ezinkulu
ukucekelwa phansi, imicibisholo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzakha,” kusho u-Hildebrand
out.
"The
umqondo wokusetshenziswa okukabili, lapho usetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezimpahleni ezithile ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi
emandleni kanye nobuchwepheshe, kungaba ngokushesha izaba ukuvinjwa
ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezinkulu zomnotho wabantu,” kubhala yena.
Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yenswinyo uhlelo lwe-Oil-For-Food, i-US
abahleli bakhomba njengobufakazi bokukhathazeka kwethu kobuntu. Ngeshwa, i-
ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo akuqondwa kabi abantu abaningi baseMelika abebengakwenza
uma kungenjalo izophikisana nokusetha kwayo kwamanje.
Hans
u-von Sponeck, owaphatha uhlelo lwe-UN waze wasula ngokubhikisha, uyachaza lokho
amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili kawoyela i-Iraq evunyelwe ukuwathengisa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ihumusha
ibe ngu-$182.70 umuntu ngamunye, ngonyaka. Lokho kungu-$15.23 ngenyanga. UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha
ibona lezo zinhlinzeko zanele zonke izidingo zezakhamizi zase-Iraq, ngisho
nakuba u-von Sponeck echaze ngokuningiliziwe, ezikhathini eziningi, i
ukushiyeka kwesistimu elawula wonke umnotho wase-Iraq kusuka kwezokuPhepha
Amahhovisi omkhandlu. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abaholi bemakethe yamahhala abayigxeki le
ububi balowo myalo wezomnotho).
Iziphetho zikaHidlebrand kufanelekile ukuzindla. “Yize izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zingase
kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuthile kwabantu base-Iraq - kusobala ukuthi bayakwenza
ayilingani nezinguquko ezinqala kunqubomgomo….ezidingekayo ukubhekana nenye yazo
izingxabano ezimbi kakhulu ezithinta abantu nezombusazwe emlandweni wamuva.”
As
owayengummeli wombuso wase-US u-Kate Pflaumer usikhumbuza esiqeshini sakhe sesibili
emasontweni edlule, kunzima ukuthatha ngokungathi sína "umthetho womthetho" lapho abaholi
wengqalasizinda yamahhala yebhomu lomhlaba ephula iGeneva
Isivumelwano futhi yephule isifanekiso sikahulumeni wase-US mayelana nobuphekula ngokudala futhi
ukugcina izimo ezisongela ukuphila ukuze kuphoqelelwe isizwe esizimele kanye naso
izakhamuzi.