Umklomelo wanamuhla wephrozi ye-Orwellian embi uya kumkhulumeli omkhulu wePentagon, uLawrence Di Rita. “Empini yokuphathwa kombono, lapho isitha sisebenzisa ngokucacile abezindaba ukuze sisize ukuphatha imibono yomphakathi uwonke,” kusho u-Di Rita ku-New York Times yanamuhla, “umsebenzi wethu awukona ukuphatha imibono kodwa ukulwa nokuphathwa kombono wesitha. ”
Qaphela umqondo ongenangqondo welungelo lokuzivikela kulo musho. “Sisempini yokuphathwa kwemibono” esingakayiqali. “Isitha” saqala.
Kwesokudla: awukho umlando omangalisayo nesayensi yabaphathi abanjalo lapha e-United States, ikhaya labantu abaningi abakhangiswa kakhulu nabasakazwayo kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi obukhulu kakhulu (“ukuphathwa kombono” uma uthanda) imboni eyaziwa isintu kusukela okungenani ngeminyaka yawo-1910s.
Cha, sizama nje ukwenza esingakwenza lapho sibhekene namandla amangalisayo okulawula umcabango .....U-Osama emhumeni wakhe, izinkampani zabezindaba zomhlaba wonke eziphethwe amabutho aphikisayo ase-Iraqi, kanye nama-Arab okuthiwa acashile aphikisana namaMelika. inethiwekhi Al-Jazeera.
Yebo, laba “baphathi bemibono” abanamandla batshela ama-Arabhu ukuthi asizonde. Akuyona inqwaba yama-Arab esiwabulalayo, izinsiza esizebayo, ingqalasizinda esiyibhubhisayo, kanye nemibuso enenzondo esiyisekelayo evusa imizwa emelene namaMelika emhlabeni wamaSulumane.
Qaphela futhi isiphakamiso esisobala sokuthi umbuso wase-US “awusebenzisi abezindaba” ukuze uthonye imibono yabantu abaningi ekhaya naphesheya. Yebo, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi iPentagon ibheke ukuzama ukusebenzisana nabezindaba ukuthonya imibono yabantu abaningi.
Ngokwe-Times, uBush “izikhulu zokuphatha zithi ziya ngokuya zikhathazeka ngokuthi izwe elingase likwazi ukumaketha izimoto zaso ngokuphumelelayo emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nakubantu bakwamanye amazwe abamelene nezimiso zaseMelika, liyehluleka ukuthengisa izimiso zalo zentando yeningi, njengoba nje namavukela-mbuso ehluleka ukuthengisa izimoto zaso. balwa basakaza amanga ngemithombo yezindaba njengesiteshi sesathelayithi sezindaba sama-Arab i-Al Jazeera.”
“Amanga” afana nesimangalo esinembile sokuthi umbutho wezempi onamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni ubulale amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-Iraqis, okuhlanganisa nenani elikhulu labangewona amasosha, ephishekela ukulawula okungenakuphikiswa phezu kwemithombo kawoyela yama-Arab. Uxolo, kodwa ngingathenga ubhiya waseJalimane ngo-1939 futhi ngisenqabe isimangalo sombuso wamaNazi sokukhulula iPoland.
U-Di Rita wayezama ukubeka ubuso obuhle nobunobungane ezambulweni zakamuva mayelana nokuhlasela kwe-corporatefascist uRumsfeld Pentagon emgqeni phakathi kwama-psych-ops ezempi akhohlisayo kanye nobudlelwano obujwayelekile bomphakathi ngisho nabezindaba kanye nezakhamizi ezifundazweni ezihlangene. Ngaphansi komyalelo woMnyango Wezokuvikela 3600.1: Ukusebenza Kwemininingwane, imikhankaso enolaka ye-Pentagon yolwazi/yenkohliso kufanele "ithinte abaholi abayizitha, kodwa hhayi amazwe ahlangene noma angathathi hlangothi." Manje, nokho, abadlali ababalulekile bePentagon bafuna ukuchibiyela isiqondiso ukuze kugunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kwemizamo enjalo ezindaweni ezifana neFrance neJalimane, lapho kungatholakala khona inani elikhulu lezitha zamaSulumane. 'Impi yobushokobezi' idinga “kwandiswa[ku]na lokho okuhlosiwe kwemishini enjalo.”
Yilokho uRumsfeld akucabanga eminyakeni emithathu edlule lapho esungula “Ihhovisi Lethonya Lamasu” lePentagon eliklanyelwe “ukuhlinzeka ngezindaba, ngokunokwenzeka ezihlanganisa namanga, ezintathelini zakwamanye amazwe ngomzamo wokuthonya umbono waphesheya kwezilwandle.”
Lokho kuyisu elidala lase-US elibuyela emuva okungenani eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, lapho amanxusa e-CIA ezenza izintatheli zakwamanye amazwe ukubhala izindatshana egameni “lomhlaba okhululekile.”
URumsfeld odelelekile kwadingeka avale ngokushesha i-OSI ebhekene nokugconwa okukhulu komphakathi.
Manje udaba selubuyele esicongweni, kubika i-Times namuhla, sibonga kakhulu “ngeziyalezo zamakhasi angama-74, ezihlala zihlukaniswa” futhi zicela ukuthi kuthuthukiswe “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lolwazi..uhlelo lokuthuthukisa umgomo imisebenzi yolwazi njengekhono eliyinhloko lezempi. " Lo myalelo usayinwe nguDonny Pentagon, "owayala izifundo ukuthi zicacise ubudlelwano obufanele phakathi kwePentagon nezindaba zomphakathi zezempi - umsebenzi wakhe uwukufundisa nokwazisa umphakathi ngolwazi olunembile nolufike ngesikhathi - kanye nabasebenzi bemisebenzi eyimfihlo yokusebenza kwengqondo nemikhankaso yolwazi ukuze ukuthonya, ukuvimba noma ukudida izitha.”
Ngakho-ke lokho kuyi-dichotomy yethu: (1) indima “yokufundisa” kanye “nokwaziswa” ngokuphelele kwezindaba zomphakathi ezivamile (akukho manga nokuxhashazwa kwemibono kulowo mkhakha ohloniphekile) uma kuqhathaniswa (2) nomhlaba omusha owesabekayo nongenjalo wengqondo ekhohlisayo. -ama-ops kanye nokutshalwa kokudideka. Nginike ikhefu.
Kubonakala kimina ukuthi sebevele benza noma yikuphi ukufiphala abanomuzwa wokuthi kufanele bakwenze ngaphansi kwekhava “yemisebenzi ehlukanisiwe.”
kuyaduduza ukufunda, ekupheleni kokubhalwa kwe-Times yanamuhla, ukuthi “uMnu. UDi Rita, okhulumela iPentagon, uthi yize uhulumeni elwa nalezi zinkinga, izinga lisakhuluma iqiniso.
IPentagon inamanga ngalokho.
Nansi i-athikili ye-Times ephelele kulokhu...
December 13, 2004
IZINHLIZIYO NEMIQONDO
I-Pentagon Ikala Ukusetshenziswa Kwenkohliso Enkundleni Ebanzi
Ngu-THOM SHANKER no-ERIC SCHMITT
WASHINGTON, Dec. 12 - I-Pentagon ibambe iqhaza engxoxweni ebabayo, ephezulu yokuthi ingahamba ibanga elingakanani futhi kufanele ihambe kangakanani ekulawuleni noma ekuguquleni ulwazi ukuze ithonye umbono phesheya, kusho izikhulu eziphezulu zoMnyango Wezokuvikela kanye nezikhulu zezempi.
Imishini enjalo, uma ivunyiwe, ingathatha amasu okukhohlisa agunyazwe ukusetshenziswa enkundleni yempi ukuze kudideke isitha futhi awamukele emikhankasweni eyimfihlo yenkulumo-ze ehloselwe amazwe angathathi hlangothi ngisho nahlangene.
Abagxeki beziphakamiso bathi ukuthunyelwa okunjalo okukhohlisayo kungaphazamisa ukwethembeka kwePentagon, kushiye umphakathi waseMelika kanye nezilaleli zomhlaba zingabaza noma yini eshiwo uMnyango Wezokuvikela kanye nezempi - impinda yegebe lokwethembeka elanyakazisa iMelika phakathi neMpi YeVietnam.
Imizamo ecatshangelwayo ibeka engcupheni ukufiphaza imigqa yendabuko phakathi kwezinhlelo zezindaba zomphakathi ePentagon nasemagatsheni ezempi - osomqulu bawo bafuna ukunikeza ulwazi oluyiqiniso kwabezindaba kanye nomphakathi - kanye nomhlaba wemikhankaso yolwazi lokulwa noma imisebenzi yengqondo.
Umbuzo uthi ingabe i-Pentagon kanye nezempi kufanele zenze uhlelo olusemthethweni olusebenzisa i-disinformation ukwakha imibono phesheya. Kodwa ezweni lanamuhla elixhunywe ithelevishini yesathelayithi ne-Internet, noma ikuphi ukwaziswa okudukisayo namanga kungaphindwa kalula yimithombo yezindaba yaseMelika.
Amasosha ake abhekana nalezi zinkinga ezinzima phambilini. Cishe eminyakeni emithathu edlule, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uDonald H. Rumsfeld, ngaphansi kokugxekwa okukhulu, wavala iHhovisi lePentagon Lethonya Lamasu, umkhankaso wesikhashana wokuhlinzeka ngezindaba, okungenzeka kuhlanganise namanga, ezintathelini zakwamanye amazwe ngomzamo wokuthonya umbono waphesheya kwezilwandle.
Manje, abagxeki bathi, ezinye zeziphakamiso zalelo hhovisi elingagunyaziwe zivuswa buthule kwenye indawo kwezempi nasePentagon.
I-Pentagon kanye nezikhulu zezempi ezihilelekile ngokuqondile engxoxweni zithi uhlelo olunjalo lwe-propaganda eyimfihlo, isibonelo, lungabandakanya ukutshala izindaba emaphephandabeni angaphandle noma ukudala imibhalo engamanga kanye nezingosi zewebhu ezihunyushelwe olimini lwesi-Arabhu njengomzamo wokudicilela phansi kanye nokubukela phansi ithonya lama-mosque. kanye nezikole zezenkolo ezishumayela izimiso ezimelene namaMelika.
Ezinye zazo zisemazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu Asia njengePakistan, asathathwa njengendawo yokusebenzela ye-Al Qaeda. Kepha umkhankaso onjalo ungafinyelela ngisho nasemazweni ahlangene afana neJalimane, ngokwesibonelo, lapho amanye ama-mosque abe yizimpi zamaSulumane kanye ne-anti-Americanism.
Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq, izikhali ezinkulu zamasosha ezimpi ze-elekthronikhi zazisetshenziswa ukuqoka amalungu athile ombutho wangaphakathi ka-Saddam Hussein ngemiyalezo ye-e-mail kanye nezingcingo zomakhalekhukhwini emzamweni wokuwadonsela emzamweni waseMelika. Kuye kwenziwa izingxabano zokuthi imizamo efanayo ifakwe emibuthanweni yobuholi kwezinye izizwe lapho i-United States ingekho empini.
Phakathi nempi ebandayo, izikhungo zezobunhloli zaseMelika zazinezintatheli emalini yazo ekhokhelwayo noma izisebenzi ezazizenza izintatheli, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ngenhloso yokukhiqiza imibhalo esekela iMelika ukuze ibe nomthelela kubantu balawo mazwe. Kodwa izikhulu zithi akekho osecabanga ukusebenzisa amaqhinga anjalo manje.
Izinsolo mayelana nezinhlelo zokungahloniphi ama-disinformation nazo zavela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 lapho i-White House isolwa ngokusebenzisa umkhankaso onjalo ukudicilela phansi uColonel Muammar el-Qaddafi waseLibya.
Engxoxweni yamanje, akucaci ukuthi zikude kangakanani ezinye izinhlelo noma ukuthi zenziwa ngezinga elingakanani ngenxa yesimo sazo esihlukaniswa kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwePentagon, ezinye zezibalo ezinamandla kakhulu kwezempi zizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngezinye zezinyathelo ezithathiwe lokho kufiphaza imigqa yendabuko phakathi kwezindaba zomphakathi kanye nomhlaba wokusebenza kolwazi lokulwa.
Lokhu kungezwani kuphonswe ekukhululekeni okukhulu kuleli hlobo e-Iraq lapho u-Gen. George W. Casey Jr., umkhuzi omkhulu e-Iraq, egunyaza ukuhlanganiswa komsebenzi wosuku nosuku womyalo wezindaba zomphakathi nokulwa nokusebenza kwengqondo nolwazi kube into eyodwa. "Ihhovisi lezokuxhumana lamasu."
Emazwini ayivelakancane emibuzo yezinga eliphezulu mayelana nezinqumo ezinjalo, uJenene Richard B. Myers, usihlalo weJoint Chiefs of Staff, ukhiphe imemorandamu exwayisa abaphathi bezempi besifunda ngobungozi bokuhlanganisa izindaba zomphakathi wezempi eduze kakhulu nolwazi. imisebenzi.
“Nakuba izinhlangano zingase zithande ukwakha amahhovisi e-PA/IO adidiyelwe, ukwakhiwa kwenhlangano okunjalo kunamandla okwehlisa ukwethembeka komkhuzi kwabezindaba kanye nomphakathi,” kusho yena.
Kodwa imemorandamu kaGeneral Myers ayilandelwa, ngokusho kwezikhulu zase-Iraq, ikakhulukazi ngoba abaphathi bakhona bakholelwa ukuthi bahlukanisa ngokuphepha le misebenzi emibili futhi bathi badinga konke okuguquguqukayo okungenzeka ukuze balwe nalokhu kuvukela umbuso.
Ngempela, izikhulu eziphezulu zamasosha eWashington zithi izikhulu zezindaba zomphakathi ezindaweni zempi zingase, ngokuthanda noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi, zikhiphe izitatimende kwabezindaba zomhlaba ukuthi, nakuba zinezici zeqiniso, zenzelwe ngokucacile ngokuyinhloko ukuvusa impendulo esitheni.
Izikhulu zezokuphatha zithi ziyanda izinkinga zokuthi isizwe esingakwazi ukumaketha izimoto zaso ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nakwamanye amazwe aphikisana nemigomo yaseMelika, siyehluleka ukuthengisa imibono yaso yentando yeningi, njengoba amavukelambuso alwa nawo esakaza amanga phezu kwawo. Izitolo ezinkulu zezindaba njengesiteshi sesathelayithi sezindaba sama-Arab i-Al Jazeera.
"Empini yokuphathwa kwemibono, lapho isitha sisebenzisa ngokucacile abezindaba ukusiza ukuphatha imibono yomphakathi jikelele, umsebenzi wethu awukona ukuphatha imibono kodwa ukulwa nokuphathwa kombono wesitha," kusho umkhulumeli omkhulu wePentagon, uLawrence Di Rita.
Imigqa yempi kule nkulumo-mpikiswano idwetshwe ngochungechunge lwezifundo ezihlukanisiwe, izitatimende eziyimfihlo zezinkombandlela zokusebenza kanye nezicelo zangaphakathi ezivela kuMnu. Rumsfeld. Abanye baya emiqondweni yempi yolwazi, abanye bakhala ngokuthi zihlelwa kanjani ezokuxhumana kuhulumeni.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano eshubile namuhla igxile kakhulu kumyalelo oyimfihlo owasayinwa nguMnu. Rumsfeld ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule futhi obizwa ngokuthi “Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza Kolwazi.” Lo myalelo onamakhasi angama-74, osahlukanisiwe kodwa wachazwa yizikhulu ezaziwufundile, washeshisa “uhlelo lokuqhubekisela phambili umgomo wokusebenza kolwazi njengekhono eliyinhloko lezempi.”
Eqaphela ubunkimbinkimbi nezingozi, uMnu. Rumsfeld wayala izifundo ukuze zicacise ubudlelwano obufanele phakathi kwePentagon nezindaba zomphakathi wezempi - umsebenzi wawo uwukufundisa nokwazisa umphakathi ngolwazi olunembile nolufike ngesikhathi - kanye nabasebenzi bemisebenzi eyimfihlo yokusebenza kwengqondo nemikhankaso yolwazi ukuze babe nomthelela. , vimba noma udide izitha.
Ukuphendula, olunye ucwaningo olujule kakhulu olwenziwe ngesicelo sezinhlelo zamasu kanye negatsha lenqubomgomo leJoint Staff yezempi muva nje likhiphe isiphakamiso sokudala “umqondisi wolwazi olumaphakathi.” Umqondisi uzoba nesibopho sokwenza isabelomali kanye “nokulawula okugunyaziwe kwemilayezo” - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusesidlangalaleni noma kuyimfihlo - kuyo yonke imisebenzi kahulumeni ephathelene nokuphepha kwezwe kanye nenqubomgomo yangaphandle.
Ucwaningo, olwenziwa yi-National Defence University, lwethulwa ngo-Okthoba 20 kuphaneli yezikhulu eziphezulu ze-Pentagon nezikhulu zezempi, kuhlanganise noDouglas J. Feith, unobhala ongaphansi wezokuvikela wenqubomgomo, inhlangano yakhe eyamisa iHhovisi lokuqala Lokuthonya Kwamasu. .
Asikho isikhulu esiphezulu namuhla esimela kangcono impikiswano mayelana nomhlaba oshintshayo wolwazi lwezempi kunoBrig. U-Gen. Mark Kimmitt, umkhuzi wamasosha okhethwe ukuba abe umkhulumeli omkhulu wezempi e-Iraq ngemuva kwempi enkulu eshintshele ekulweni nabavukeli entwasahlobo ka-2003.
Iqhaza lakhe labeka abaningi emphakathini wezindaba zomphakathi wezempi abathi lo msebenzi bekufanele uye kumuntu oqeqeshwe ngemfundiso yezokuXhumana Kwezempi kanye nezindaba zomphakathi, kunokuba uye esikhulwini esasichithe umsebenzi waso empini.
"Leli yibhizinisi elinzima," kusho uGeneral Kimmitt, manje osesebenza njengesekela lomqondisi wezinhlelo zomphathi wamasosha aseMelika eMiddle East. “Sizama ukwazisa? Yebo. Ingabe sinikeza umbono? Yebo. Ingabe sinikeza ukwahlulela kwezempi? Yebo. Ingabe kufanele sikhulume iqiniso ukuze sihlale sithembekile? Yebo. Ingabe likhona inani lenkundla yempi ekukhohliseni isitha? Yebo. Ingabe sibakhohlisa ngamabomu abantu baseMelika? Cha.”
Ukuhlikihla, kusho uGeneral Kimmitt, kusebenza phakathi kwaleyo migomo kwesinye isikhathi engqubuzanayo.
“Kunendawo empunga,” kusho yena. "Ukukhohlisa okuhlakaniphile nokusebenzayo kulungile futhi kusemthethweni enkundleni yempi." Kodwa “esimweni semithombo yezindaba yomhlaba wonke,” wabuza, “uyivimbela kanjani leyo nkohliso ukuba ingachitheki enkundleni yempi futhi ikhohlise abantu baseMelika ungahlosile?”
UMnu. Di Rita uthe udaba lushintshile eminyakeni edlule. “Sinenselele eyingqayizivele kulo mnyango,” esho, “ngoba izikhulu zezempi ezinezinkanyezi zingubuso be-United States phesheya ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II.”
Ubuye wengeza wathi, “Ukuxhumana sekuba yikhono abaphathi bezempi okufanele balisebenzise ezinhlotsheni zemisebenzi abayenzayo.”
Umsebenzi omningi wePentagon kule ndawo entsha uwela ngaphansi kwenkambu engaziwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Defence Support for Public Diplomacy. Lesi sisho esisha sisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umsebenzi wePentagon emizamweni kahulumeni yonkana yokuxhumana nezithameli zakwamanye amazwe kodwa lokho kuhlukile ekusekelweni kojenene emkhakheni.
E-Pentagon, lowo mzamo uphethwe nguRyan Henry, iphini eliyinhloko likaMnu Feith lenqubomgomo.
"Ngejubane lobuchwepheshe nokunye okunjalo, kanye nesimo sempi yomhlaba wonke yobuphekula, ulwazi seluyingxenye enkulu yokunqoba kwamasu, futhi ngezinga elithile ukunqoba kwamaqhinga, kunanini ngaphambili," uMnu. Kusho uHenry.
Kodwa-ke, isikhulu esiphezulu sezempi sathi ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esicacile esivela ePentagon, ukusebenza kwengqondo kwamasosha, imisebenzi yolwazi kanye nezinhlelo zezindaba zomphakathi "kuhlangana ndawonye enkundleni yempi kunanini ngaphambili, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imigqa ayibonakali." Lokhu kuholele esimeni lapho "abasekeli balezi zimpawu belwela isikhundla sokuhola umzamo wokuxhumana," kusho isikhulu.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano iphinde iqhubeke mayelana nezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo kumyalelo ohlukanisiwe woMnyango Wezokuvikela, onesihloko esithi “3600.1: Ulwazi Lwemisebenzi,” obuzobeka phansi inqubomgomo yePentagon eminyakeni ezayo. Izinguqulo zangaphambilini zomyalelo zivumela imikhankaso yolwazi olunolaka ukuthi ithinte abaholi abayizitha, kodwa hhayi labo ababambisene nabo noma ngisho nezifunda ezingathathi hlangothi. Inkulumo-mpikiswano yamanje imayelana nezibuyekezo ezihlongozwayo ezinganweba izethameli eziqondiwe kule mishini.
Umnu Di Rita, okhulumela iPentagon, uthi nakuba uhulumeni elwa nalezi zinkinga, izinga lisakhuluma iqiniso.
“Umsebenzi wethu uwukudlulisela emphakathini ulwazi olunembile,” esho, “futhi sikubeke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.”
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