I-inthanethi igcwele uphiko lwesokudla lwe-Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) njengendlela yokusola amaDemocrats, (abakhululekile, kwesokunxele) ngenkinga yezimali. Okubalulekile lapha ukuthi u-Barak Obama ngokusobala ubesebenzela i-ACORN, inhlangano osekunesikhathi eside ihlelela imithetho ye-CRA nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngamabhange, futhi yasiza namabhange ukuthi athole imali mboleko ye-CRA. Lolu daba luphinde lunikeze umgudu wokusola abantu abampofu kanye nezinhlanga ezincane njengabanganakekeli ngokwezimali, njengoba kubangela inkinga lapho abanye kufanele babakhulule.
Ucwaningo lwangoJanuwari 2008 (lwedatha yango-2006) luka-Traiger no-Hinkley LLP lwathola ubufakazi bokuthi umthelela we-CRA kungenzeka usize ukwehlisa ubunzima bezezimali. Bathole, isibonelo, ukuthi amabhange asebenzisa i-CRA "ayengaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-66 ... amathuba okuthi athole imali ebolekiwe ebiza kakhulu" kunabanye ababolekisi. Lezi zimali mboleko zinenani lentengo, ngokwesilinganiso, "amaphuzu angama-68 aphansi." Baphinde bathola izindawo ezidliwe ezimbalwa lapho bekunamabhange ezitini nodaka emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhange abolekisa ngemali ku-CRA (imali engenayo ephansi nelinganiselwe) amapheshana okubalwa kwabantu enza kuphela ama-25% emalimboleko yezindlu kulezi zindawo zasemadolobheni amakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa le mithelela emihle enkingeni ephelele yokubolekwa kwezindlu.
Isihloko sombiko sithi: "Umphakathi Umthetho Wokutshalwa kabusha: Isiphithiphithi Sokwamukela Enhlekeleleni Yokubikezelwa," http://www.traigerlaw.com/publications/traiger_hinckley_llp_cra_foreclosure_study_1-7-08.pdf. Isengezo siyatholakala. Izindawo ze-metro ezinkulu eziyi-15 e-US zafundwa.
Olunye udaba oseluvuselelwayo ukuthi ngabe i-CRA kufanele yini ifakwe kwezinye izikhungo ezibolekisa ngemali.
Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-CRA isebenze njengomthetho oyimodeli. Kusebenze njengohlaka lokuhlela umphakathi ngenhloso yokumisa ukuboleka kabusha (umkhuba wokwenqaba ukuboleka imali ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abahola kancane futhi abaphakathi nendawo). I-CRA inikeza izinhlangano zomphakathi amandla okuxoxisana namabhange. Izinhlangano (kanye nabantu ngabanye) bangathumela amazwana kumafayela omphakathi e-CRA, futhi ziphikise ukusebenza kabi ekwenzeni lezi zimalimboleko. Ucwaningo lokuboleka imali e-Des Moines Iowa (maphakathi nawo-1990) lwathola ukuthi amabhange amaningi athatha amadiphozithi ezindaweni ezimpofu enza imali ebolekiwe embalwa emuva lapho yezindlu (okungukuthi. 0-4 ngonyaka othile). Amabhange asebenzisa izinhlelo ze-CRA ngaphandle kokusebenzisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi abengengcono kakhulu. Ibhange elilodwa elikhulu laphuma emalini ebolekiwe emi-4 laya kwezingama-80 ngemva kokuphothulwa kwezingxoxo ze-CRA.
I-CRA iphinde yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuze kwenyuswe imali ebolekisayo emabhizinisini amancane emapheshaneni okubalwa kwabantu aphansi naphakathi kanye namapulazi emindeni. Isebenze njengethuluzi elihle lokuhlela lezinhlangano zamapulazi enkingeni yamapulazi eyaqubuka ngeminyaka yawo-1980s. Noma ubani angacela ukubona ifayela lomphakathi le-CRA nesitatimende se-CRA sanoma iliphi ibhange, kodwa ungalindeli ukubona okuningi ngaphandle kwalapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zisebenza endaweni.
I-CRA ingasebenza futhi njengemodeli yokuhlela abezindaba. Imibhikisho yokusetshenziswa kabi kwamagagasi omsakazo womphakathi manje ingafakwa emafayeleni omphakathi, kodwa idinga amazinyo engeziwe, ukuze ikhuthaze izingxoxo phakathi kwabezindaba (iziteshi ze-TV nemisakazo) kanye nemiphakathi yendawo abayisebenzelayo.
Lolu cwaningo lwakamuva kufanele lusize ukuletha ukunaka okusha okuhle ku-CRA, kanye nokuphikisa imininingwane engamanga evela kwesokudla.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela