Nali isiqephu esifushane engisenzele iphephandaba elihle kakhulu lentando yeningi I-Disident Voice:
“Isithombe,” kusho isisho sakudala, “sibiza amagama ayinkulungwane.” Uma kuziwa ekufuneni ukusekelwa, noma ukwenyanya, inqubomgomo, ngokuvamile kuyiqiniso, okungcono noma okubi kakhulu, ukuthi akukho okusebenza njengesithombe esibonakalayo esisebenzayo.
Isibonelo esisodwa sohlangothi olungcono sivela kumlando kaMartin Luther King, Jr., ongahloniphi kancane izwi elibhaliwe nelikhulunywayo. Ngo-January 1967, lapho edla endaweni yokudlela yasesikhumulweni sezindiza ohambweni oluya eJamaica, uKing wathola indaba enemifanekiso ethi, “Abantwana BaseVietnam,” kumagazini i-Ramparts. Lo magazini wawunezithombe eziningi zentsha eyayishiswe kabi yi-napalm yase-United States (US). Unobhala wenkundla yeSouthern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) uBernard Lee ukhumbula ukusabela kukaKing: “Lapho efika [ezithombeni] zeRamparts, wema. Waquleka ebuka izithombe zaseVietnam. Wabona isithombe sikamama waseVietnam ephethe ingane yakhe efile, ingane ebulewe amasosha ethu. UMartin wavele wamphusha ipuleti lokudla. Ngabheka phezulu ngathi, 'ayinambithisiseki yini?' njengoba ephendula, ‘Akukho okuyoke kunginambithe nganoma iyiphi indlela kuze kube ngenza konke engingakwenza ukuze ngiqede leyo mpi.’” Ngokulandisa kukaLee, “yilapho-ke kwenziwa khona isinqumo [sokuba iNkosi imelane obala neMpi YaseVietnam]. UMartin wayazi ngempi ngaphambi kwalokho, kunjalo, futhi wayekhulume ngokumelene nayo. Kodwa kulapho anquma khona ukuzibophezela ekuphikisaneni nakho” ( David Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1986).
Umuntu angabala ezinye izibonelo eziningi nezaziwayo kakhulu zezithombe nezithombe ezimbi kakhulu - kusukela emikhunjini evuthayo yasePearl Harbor kuya emibhoshongweni ye-WTC ehlohlisiwe kuya ezithombeni zokuhlukunyezwa e-Abu Ghraib - eziye zasiza ukuletha imiphumela yezombusazwe (kokubili okuhlosiwe futhi hhayi ). Ngeshwa, izithombe ezinjalo eziningi zivame ukubhebhethekisa ukuchitheka kwegazi futhi zingajulisi umuzwa wokulwa nempi.
Ngiqale ukucabanga ngamandla ezombusazwe ezithombe phezu kwamagama ngenkathi ngizama ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngibuke i-"NBC Nightly News" ngoLwesibili olwedlule kusihlwa. Ebika ngenkinga ekhulayo yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ezungeze ikhasimende laseMelika elihlasela i-Israel eLebanon naseGaza, isazi se-NBC uBrian Williams uqaphele ukuthi "izinhlangothi zombili" zazibhekene "nezingozi ezimbi" kule "ngxabano" eyandayo. Ngokwe-akhawunti enembile ye-NBC, inani labashonile eLebanon (“iningi labo izakhamuzi”) lalilikhulu kakhulu kunesibalo semizimba yakwa-Israyeli. Kwakungekho mzamo ukuzenza okuhlukile.
Izithombe ze-NBC, nokho, zixoxe indaba ehluke kakhulu. Kusukela e-Arab Lebanon, ababukeli babone izithombe zentuthu nemvithi kodwa azikho izidumbu noma abasindile abakhalayo. Akuzange kube khona ukudutshulwa kwabantu baseLebanon ababethukile.
Kodwa kumhlophe ngokusemthethweni naseNtshonalanga yakwa-Israel, ababukeli babone isithombe esishaqisayo sezinsalela ezishile zomuntu ongenacala omiswe “efile endleleni yakhe” ngomcibisholo weHezbollah. Isisulu esineshwa “asizange sibe nethuba,” safunda. Siphinde sibheke emehlweni ethukile futhi sezwa ukukhala kothisha nabantwana bakwa-Israel bejaha ukuyosabela inhlabamkhosi ecitshwayo. U-Israyeli, umenzi wobubi oholayo nomdlali onamandla kunabo bonke kule nkinga ekhona manje, wayinqoba ngokusobala impi yezithombe ku-NBC ngoLwesithathu ebusuku.
Ngicabanga ngokucebile kwezithombe zezombangazwe, ngaya ezitakini zamaphephandaba emtatsheni wezincwadi wendawo yangakithi ngoLwesihlanu ekuseni. Ngazibuza ukuthi ngabe izithombe zabathwebuli bezithombe zokungqubuzana kuka-Israyeli ne-Hezbollah, iLebanon, kanye namaPalestine zidlala kanjani emithonjeni yezindaba ephambili? Ngibuyekeze zonke izithombe ezifanele ezivela ephephandabeni lami elikhulu lesifunda (eMidwestern) i-Chicago Tribune kanye “nephephandaba elirekhodiwe” elihamba phambili lesizwe i-New York Times kusukela ngomhlaka-14 Julayi (usuku olungemva kokuba u-Israel eqhumise ngamabhomu isikhumulo sezindiza esihamba phambili sase-Beirut) kuze kube nguJulayi 20 (I. angikawabheki amaphepha anamuhla) Benginentshisekelo ikakhulukazi ezithombeni ezinikeza izithombe zokulimala okucacile komuntu, kanye/noma ukuhlukumezeka, ezikhombisa okukodwa, okunye, noma konke lokhu okulandelayo: izakhamuzi ezifile, izakhamuzi ezilimele, abantu abalilela ukufa okubangelwa ukuhlasela kwangaphandle. , nabantu ababukeka bethukile lapho bebhekene nokuhlaselwa kwangempela noma okungase kube khona. Ukuze kube lula, nginamathisele isifinyezo esilandelayo ezithombeni ezinjalo: “I-HTI”, esho "Izithombe Zokuhlukumezeka Komuntu" ezivusa imizwa. Ngihlukanise ama-HTI “kuzithombe zokulimala kwesakhiwo” (“ama-SDI”) ezingenabo ubuntu ezibonisa izakhiwo ezilimele, amabhuloho, nokunye okunjalo kodwa ezingenazo izithombe zokulimala komuntu.
Ngisebenzisa lezi zigaba ezilula njengomhlahlandlela wokuthwebula izithombe zempi okukhulunywa ngazo, ngithole ukuthi i-Tribune ishicilele ama-HTI ayisithupha ama-Israel kodwa akukho (ziro) izithombe ezinjalo zaseLebhanon noma zasePalestine. I-Tribune inikeze ama-SDI ayisithupha avela e-Lebanon kanye nezithombe ezinhlanu ezinjalo ezivela kwa-Israel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibonise i-SDI eyodwa yaseGaza, izithombe ezimbili zabantu baseNtshonalanga abamhlophe abacindezelekile eLebanon, nesithombe esisodwa samadoda amabili aseLebanon abonakala ekhululekile ngenkathi idolobha kanye nesizwe sabo sibhekene nokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwa-Israel.
Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinombolo kokubikwa kwempi yezithombe ye-Tribune kanye nokugcwala kwangempela kwabashonile ezimpini kusobala kakhulu. Njengoba i-New York Times ibike ekhasini layo lokuqala ngoLwesithathu, Julayi 19
"I-asymmetry emananini okufa okubikiwe iphawulwe futhi iyakhula: abanye abantu baseLebanon abangama-230, iningi labo okuyizakhamizi, kwabangu-25 abashonile bakwa-Israel, abayi-13 kubo izakhamizi. EGaza, isosha elilodwa lakwa-Israel lishonile ngenxa yomlilo webutho lalo, kwabulawa abantu basePalestine abangu-103, amaphesenti angama-70 kubo bengamasosha. Izibalo ezibandayo, ezihlanganiswe nokuhlasela komoya wakwa-Israel engqalasizinda yabantu njengezitshalo zikagesi, iziguquli zikagesi, izikhumulo zezindiza, amabhuloho, imigwaqo emikhulu kanye nezakhiwo zikahulumeni, kuholele ekumangaleleni iFrance kanye ne-European Union, okunanelwa yizinhlangano ezithile ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, zokuthi u-Israyeli unecala. 'ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela engafanele' eGaza Strip naseLebanon kanye 'nokujeziswa ngokuhlanganyela' kwezakhamuzi” (S.Erlanger, “Ngokusetshenziswa Kwebutho Lakwa-Israeli, Inkulumo-mpikiswano Ngokwesilinganiso,” New York Times, 19 July 2006, A1) .
I-Times yenze umsebenzi ongcono kune-Tribune ephendulayo yokufanisa izithombe zayo namaqiniso ahlukahlukene esibalo semizimba. Ishicilele ama-HTI ayisishiyagalolunye avela kwa-Israel, okukodwa nje kunenani lezithombe ezinjalo elizifakile ezivela eLebanon. Iphinde yaphrinta i-HTI eyodwa yaseGaza. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlukumezeka kwabantu kanye nomphakathi kwa-Israel kumelele kakhulu futhi ukuhlukumezeka kwaseLebanon nasePalestine kumelelwe kabi embikweni wezithombe we-Times. Izithombe eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyisishiyagalolunye zomonakalo wempi wakwa-Israel ezinyatheliswe yi-Times zazihlanganisa abantu, hhayi nje izakhiwo, kodwa ingxenye (8 kwezingu-16) zezithombe zomonakalo wempi ezibonisile ezivela eLebanon naseGaza (1 kwezingu-2) aziqukethe abantu. Njenge-Tribune, i-Times iphrinte izithombe ezimbili ezibonisa abantu baseLebanon bebonakala bekhululekile njengoba izindiza ze-Israel namabhomu kwehla emiphakathini yabo.
I-asymmetry ehlehliswayo yezithombe esebenzela inzuzo ye-propagandistic yezwe lamakhasimende lase-US (i-Israel) kumenyezelwe e-Times, naphezu kokuvuma kwalelo phepha ukuthi izisulu eLebanon naseGaza ziningi kakhulu kunezakwa-Israel.
Ngaphandle kwezibalo, i-New York Times yangeSonto eledlule yenze okuthile engikuthola kungiphazamisa kakhulu ngezithombe ezimbili zaseLebanon. Isithombe sokuqala sikhulu impela. Ibonakale ngombala ekhasini lokuqala lengxenye engaphambili yephepha. Yayikhombisa umndeni wakwaBeirut ubukeka uzolile futhi ujabulile njengoba udla epaki yedolobha obalekele kulo. Isithombe sesibili besincane, simnyama nokumhlophe, futhi singcwatshwe ngezansi kwekhasi lesine lengxenye engaphambili. Ibonise isidumbu sohlaka lwamathambo “ezimoto ezimbili eziphahlazekile” ebezihamba “EMJONGWENI WABABALEKI eduze nomngcele oseningizimu yeLebanon. Izakhamuzi zakhona zashona, amazwibela esithombe aphawulwe, “ekuhlaselweni komoya kwase-Israel” “okubulale[Okungenani] I-DAZINI, KUHLANGANISA ABESIFAZANE NEZINGANE” (kwengezwe osonhlamvukazi). Uma ubheka ngokucophelela ingxenye engezansi kwesokunxele yalesi sithombe esincane, umuntu akakwazi ukubona isidumbu esivamile somuntu obulewe, ngokusobala umuntu omdala - mhlawumbe umama.
Nganoma iyiphi indinganiso yokuziphatha efanele yokubika impi yamazwe ngamazwe, isithombe sesibili yileso esisekhasini lokuqala, esinemibala egcwele futhi enwetshwe esikalini sokubuka esinengqondo. Akukho ukubekwa kwesithombe noma isethulo esifanele okungenzeka, nokho, ngenxa yokuphikelela okuhlonishwayo nokuphikelelayo kwemithombo yezindaba yase-US ekuphakamiseni “abafanele” ngaphezu “kwabayizisulu ezingafanele” (bona isahluko sesibili, esinesihloko esithi “Izisulu Ezifanelekayo Nezingafanele” encwadini yocwaningo lukaNoam Chomsky no-Edward Herman. Imvume Yokukhiqiza: Umnotho Wezepolitiki weMass Media [New York, NY: Pantheon reprint, 2002]). Abokuqala baphila futhi bafe ohlangothini lwesokudla lwezibhamu zoMbuso WaseMelika kanye nalezo zamaklayenti awo agunyaziwe. Laba bakamuva baphila futhi (ngenani elikhulu kakhulu) bafa ohlangothini olungalungile, engozini yabo yaphakade.
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Nikela