(Kulabo abangazi kahle ukuthi ipolitiki yasemapulazini iphikiswana ngayo emaphephandabeni ezolimo ajwayelekile e-U.S., isihloko sikaDavid Kruse, esihlaziywe lapha, sinikeza isibonelo sakudala. 'I-Foodie,'โ ikhonjiwe ngezansi, enesixhumanisi sewebhu. Ungafuna ukufunda lokho kuqala. Eqinisweni ngisebenzela ukuletha kokubili โukudlaโ kanye โnamapulaziโ ukuze uthole inqubomgomo yepulazi nje. Lapha ngilandela iqembu lokugcina .)
Ngiphakamisa igama elisha lepolitiki yasemapulazini, elithi โfarmmie,โ ukuze kulinganiswe โi-foodie,โ evela kuBruce Babcock we-CARD futhi manje uDavid Kruse (Izindaba Zepulazi, 12/26/08). โAmafamuโ kanye โnamapulaziโ aphikisana ngokufanayo.
Kuneqiniso elithile ekuhlaselweni "kokudla." โAma-Foodiesโ awaqondi ukubaluleka kwemfuyo kwezolimo ezisimeme, ekushintshanisweni kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusiza ekugcineni izindawo eziguguleka kakhulu emadlelweni nasezitshalweni. Bayaphuthelwa ukuthi i-ethanol isiza kanjani ekukhuphuleni amanani ezimpahla, okubuye kukhuthaze abaphindaphindeki bezomnotho โemazweni athuthukile okungenaniโ okungama-73% asemaphandleni.
Usomnotho wezolimo ngekwindla edlule u-John Ikerd wabhala: โCishe lonke ucwaningo olwenziwe โฆ eminyakeni engu-20 edlule luqinisekise imithelela emibi engenakugwenywa yomphakathi yama-CAFO.โ Noma kunjalo, "amapulazi" asekela ama-CAFO ngokumelene nomphakathi wasemaphandleni, i-ecology kanye nomnotho. U-Tom Vilsack, ebhala izinhlinzeko zokuvikela icala eliyisicefe ye-HF519 yase-Iowa edume kabi, โuyipulaziโ langempela, hhayi โukudla.โ
I-USDA's Economic Research Service yathola ukuthi ummbila, ukolweni, ukotini, irayisi, ubhontshisi wesoya, amabele okusanhlamvu, ibhali nama-oats kwalahlekelwa imali emakethe ngokumelene nezindleko ezigcwele cishe njalo ngo-1981-2006. Phindaphinda ulahleko ngehektare ngalinye futhi u-1996 kuphela owawungaphezu kuka-zero ngesamba salezi zitshalo. Sithulule izigidigidi zamadola asemapulazini ase-U.S. kwabaqhudelana nabo bangaphandle (abacubungula, imfuyo) cishe minyaka yonke amashumi eminyaka. โAmafamuโ ayenza izithixo ngokomqondo njengokuthi โiyaqhudelanaโ futhi โigxile emakethe.โ Izazi zezomnotho zezolimo ziyazi ukuthi impahla yasemapulazini ayinakusabela emananini kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuhlinzeka nezidingo, kodwa โamapulaziโ (kanye โnokudlaโ) aphushela inhlalakahle โamanethi okuphephaโ esikhundleni sokuncishiswa kwamanani ngokuphathwa kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukwehla kwamanani ngenani lempahla egciniwe. Abalimi be-"Farmie" abathengisa i-wholesale bavotele ukukhokhela ukukhangisa okudayisa (nge-checkoffs) ezimbonini ezithanda izinqubomgomo ezimelene nepulazi engiziqambe. Bakhe ukugxila kuma-CAFO nokucubungula, lapha nasemazweni angaphandle, ngesisekelo sezindleko eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
"Amapulazi," awukho ungcono kunenqwaba "yokudla."
Ukucabangisisa okwengeziwe nge-athikili ka-Kruse
Ayikho i-pragmatism ekuthumeleni impahla yasepulazini ngokulahlekelwa amashumi eminyaka. Abukho ubufakazi okwamanje bokuthi u-Obama uyasebenza ngenqubomgomo yepulazi.
UKruse uqinisile ukuthi uVilsack akayazi inqubomgomo yepulazi yenhlangano. Yebo, i-Vilsack ingase ibe "i-vanilla ngaphandle kokunambitheka."
U-Kruse akanikezi ukugxeka okulungile nokunembile โkodaba lukanobhala wokudla. Usondela kuyo ngendlela โumlimiโ angenza ngayo. Akaqondi neze ukuthi amapulazi amancane akhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe ngehektare ngalinye ngophethiloli omncane wezinto eziphilayo nokuthi izinto eziphilayo zingondla umhlaba kangcono. Imibono enjalo ingaphezu kombuzo wokuba yiqiniso. Bangaphandle kwepharadigm yakhe, izimpukane ezididayo.
UKruse ucabanga kaningi izinkolelo โezikhululekileโ ngo-Obama ngokwemibandela ephelele, futhi lokho ukwenza ngokukhulu ukushesha. Eqinisweni, nokho, abathuthukayo abanolwazi lwezepolitiki kanye nabanxele abakaze โbalindeleโ ukuqamba omunye wabo kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, futhi iSierra Club ayizange ibe nokuzethemba okushiwo u-Kruse.
U-Kruse, vele, unephutha mayelana nokuqamba kuka-Obama ama-pragmatist. Impela, ukuthambekela kwezepolitiki kulokho obekunqotshwe ipolitiki, kuwuhlobo lwe-pragmatism, kodwa futhi kube yinqubomgomo eyingozi yangaphandle neyokulima, ngezibonelo ezimbili. Yiqiniso, u-Kruse unephuzu. Izinga lamanje le-pragmatism, emiqondweni eminingi, ukuphatha kwakamuva kweRiphabhulikhi, futhi indima yemibono lapho, iphezulu kakhulu.
U-Kruse uqinisile ukuthi akufanele โsingajahi ukwahlulela ukuthi uluhlobo luni lukanobhala we-agโ u-Vilsack. Impela ukuqokwa bekungaphezulu kakhulu kokuthi ubani ONGAQOKWA, esikhundleni sika-Vilsack, okumele ngabe nguyena obekhethelo olubi kakhulu olucatshangelwa, ngokuya ngezindinganiso ezisetshenziswayo. Ngezindlela eziningi iVilsack iyabumbeka, into engaziwa. USihlalo weSenate Ag, uTom Harkin wase-Iowa uzoba nomthelela. Kepha isizinda sikaVilsack, ngokungafani nesimangalo sikaKruse, "asahlangene nakancane nomsebenzi osuwenzile."
Mayelana nokuthi ubani okufanele โashayele indiza yakhe,โ u-Kruse ufuna umuntu onekhono lokuxoxisana nabalawuli bethrafikhi yezindiza, noma ngabe uzodinga umshayeli okanye naye ukuze ashayele indiza ngandlela thize, noma kunjalo u-Kruse ufaka izimangalo zakhe. Kodwa phawula ukuqonda kuka-Kruse ukuthi izazi zeRiphabhulikhi "ziyavumela [uBush] ukuthi aphahlaze indiza noma kunjalo."
Encwadini yenkomo yenkomo incazelo yansuku zonke ye-โfoodie:โ โukukhuluphalaโฆ, isifo sikashukela, amagesi abamba ukushisa, ukuphela kwamasiko asedolobheni elincane, โฆ okusanhlamvu kwemfuyo, izifo ezilwa namagciwaneโ kuyizinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibhizinisi lezolimo, hhayi ezolimo elidlala indima. wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngaye. Isibonelo, uxhaso lomlimi (โlomlimi wezimpahlaโ) alunayo imiphumela efunwayo, kodwa ukuntuleka kwamanani aphansi, ukuphathwa kwempahla, imali egciniwe kanye nophahla lwamanani kudlala indima. Ngakho-ke u-Kruse angaba nephuzu lapha, kodwa uyehluleka ukulenza nganoma iyiphi indlela ethembeke kakhulu. Futhi ubuthakathaka ngokumelene nokwehla okuqinile kwe-ethanol.
Ukusho ukuthi i-Vilsack isekela ukuhweba ukuphakamisa ukuthi, ngokuqinisekile njengo-Kruse ngokwakhe, u-Vilsack "uyifama" othanda ukulahlekelwa izigidigidi zamadola epulazi lase-U.S. ekuthunyelweni kwepulazi minyaka yonke. Ukumbiza ngokuthi "i-pro-conservation" enye inkohliso "yefama" engenasisekelo.
Icala lika-Kruse lokuthi โUmbono ka-Neil Hamilton uwukubuyela ekulimeni kwabalimi, kubeke abalimi abasha abangama-500,000 abangakwazi ukuzuza ngokwezomnotho emhlabeni njengamawadi wombuso ukuze kutshalwe i-tofu ephilayo kanye nezimila zikabhontshisi. Lokho kubonakala kufana nomqondo wokuthi yini engazange isebenze eShayina yamaKhomanisi naseRussiaโ kuwumbono omsulwa โwamapulaziโ. Umbono kaHamilton usekelwe phezu kokukhathazeka okusemthethweni, okucwaningwe kahle. Akubandakanyi noma yibaphi abalimi, futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza komnotho kokulima, hhayi ngenye indlela, kodwa hhayi nge-tofu (ecutshungulwa, engakhuliswanga abalimi, kanye nezimbiza zobisi emgodini akusona isidleke sezinkomo okufanele sivunwe. ngabalimi, uMnu. Kruse,) kanye nezimila zikabhontshisi. Ukushintsha kwebhizinisi lezolimo esikhundleni sokulima ngezinto ezithengiwe ebhokisini kanye nemfuyo yezinkampani: lokho kufana nalokho okungazange kusebenze kubuKhomanisi, njengoba sakucabanga ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Lapha u-Kruse, ongene shรญ ku-paradigm "yepulazi", ubonakala engayiboni imbuyiselo enciphayo kumathrendi amanje. Ubona inhlekelele kuphela kunoma iyiphi enye indlela. Kodwa empeleni, okuphambene ngqo kuyiqiniso ngokusobala. Kuyinto engenakugwenywa ukuthi amathrendi akhona manje angeke aqhubekele phambili esikhathini esizayo. Imakethe ye-organic ekhulayo ingenye yezinkinga ze-paradigm yakhe. Ukuncipha kwesabelo sepulazi sedola lokudla lifinyelele ku-zero ngo-2020 kungenye. Ukuthi abalimi bezinto eziphilayo, abasebenzisa uphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, bangatshala ummbila ngeshibhile, ngisho nangaphandle kwamaphrimiyamu entengo, kungenye. Izinsuku zokukhohlisa "Farmie" zibaliwe. Ngokushesha zizobe seziphelelwe yisikhathi.
"Abamelene ne-Ethanol bakholelwa ukuthi ithimba lamandla ka-Obama ngeke libe nobungane bokuthola uxhaso lwe-ethanol." Kodwa-ke lokho kuphambene ngqo nepolitiki yakamuva. Kepha lokho bekungaphambi kokunikela ngezigidigidi enkingeni yezomnotho. Ukulahlekelwa izigidigidi zokuthunyelwa kwepulazi kwamanye amazwe ngamanani aphansi kanye nokuphathwa kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, okuhlanganiswe nezigidigidi zoxhaso lwempahla (ithrekhi enkulu yoxhaso lwe-ethanol) akunangqondo kulo mongo. Ungabhejeli ipulazi ngokuthola lawo masheke ezenhlalakahle kusukela lapha kuqhubeke, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi kokubili "izidlo" kanye "namapulazi" ayiqondi kahle le nkinga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izilinganiso zangempela zenzuzo/zokulahlekelwa ezivela ku-ethanol zizoxazulula umbuzo we-ethanol ngokwawo.
Kulungile, ekuphetheni, u-Kruse uyanxusa, "sinophiko 'lwezinto zokudla' ezishiyiwe" ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye "nama-centrist pragmatists" ngakolunye, niyazi, abaqokwe u-Obama. Futhi lokho kufakazela ukuthi akayena umcabango, kunjalo. Kodwa lapho uSihlalo we-Ag u-Tom Harkin no-Daschle, u-Wellstone, u-Gephardt nabanye, beyeka ukwenza inzuzo ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe (I-Harkin-Gephardt Farm Bill of 80s and 90s) futhi waphendukela enguqulweni ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-Newt Gingrich's Contract on America, (โInkululeko Ipulaziโ) bathuthela kude kwesokudla se-Reagan/Block kanye ne-Nixon/Butz. U-Obama usekhulume ngaleyo ndlela ngempela, nakuba ebuye wavuma ukuthi โintengo emaketheโ yiyona โesiyidinga ngempela.โ Izitezi zamanani epulazi, ukushaja ukuhweba okufanelekile, amanani entengo yokuphila, kungase kube isikhuthazo sethu somnotho esingcono kakhulu, njengoba sifundile ku-New Deal kanye Nesichibiyelo Se-Steagall. Ukuze uhlehlise ukulahlekelwa kwethu kwezigidigidi zamadola, noma empeleni, ngokomlando, ukulahlekelwa kwezigidigidi zamadola kusukela ekwehlisweni nasekuqedweni kwamanani aphansi nezinqubomgomo ezihambisanayo: manje lokho kungaba i-pragmatism! Lapha i-Kruse inikeza okuthile okufana ne-tofu yokulingisa eyenziwe ngama-transfats kanye nesiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose ebese izibiza ngokwangempela, ipulazi lomndeni, i-humane, i-organic, i-beefsteak enotshani. Yebo, "uyifama" elilungile "lephiko".
Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuqeda kahle ukuphikisa kwami โโโโkobuqhawe, ipolitiki yasemapulazini, izimpikiswano "ze-foodie", zika-David Kruse.
References:
UDavid Kruse โ โVilsackโs no โfoodie,โโ Farm News, 12/26/08, http://www.farm-news.com/columns/articles.asp?articleID=6332
U-Phillip Brasher, u-Vilsack ngeke akwazi ukuthatha i-USDA ngendlela eqondile, i-Des Moines Register, 12/17/08, http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20081217/BUSINESS03/812170368
โโAkayena umuntu othanda ukudla kodwa umelela i-ag yokukhiqiza,โ kusho uBruce Babcock, umqondisi weSikhungo SezoLimo Nezasemakhaya sase-Iowa State University.โ
John Ikerd, "CAFOs vs Rural Communities" http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/ra08/ikerd_cafo08.html
http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/Indiana%20โ%20CAFOs%20%20Communities.htm
"Amasethi Wedatha: Izindleko Nezimbuyiselo Zezimpahla: Izindleko Zase-U.S. Nesifunda Nedatha Yokubuyisela," i-USDA Economic Research Service, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/CostsAndReturns/testpick.htm
Izibalo ze-acreage kokuthi โCrop Production Historical Track Records, USDA, NASS, April 2008, https://usda.library.cornell.edu/catalog?utf8=โ&search_field=all_fields&q=track+record,
U-Daryl E. Ray, โUkusabela Kwamanani! Ukusabela Kwentengo!! UKUPHENDULA INANI !!!,โ APAC, University of Tennessee, May 6, 2005, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/248.html .
Ukuze Ufunde Kabanzi:
U-Neil Hamilton, ikholomu yesivakashi: โU-Obama kufanele ethule Ibutho Elisha Lomlimiโ
U-NICHOLAS D. KristOF, โโUnobhala Wokudlaโ ka-Obama? โI-New York Times, 12/10/08, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/opinion/11kristof.html?_r=2&ref=opinion
โSethula I-Sustainable Dozen!โ http://www.fooddemocracynow.org/
Ku-Beef Daily, u-Amanda Nolz, "UNobhala Wokudla ka-Obama?" Disemba 18, 2008, http://blog.beefmagazine.com/beef_daily/2008/12/18/obamas-secretary-of-food/#more-84
Epulazini, uStewart Smith, "Ezolimo ezisimeme kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi,โ iMaine Policy Review (1993). Umqulu 2, Number 1, search https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1476&context=mpr.
Ku-New Deal and Steagall Amendment, bona u-Willie Nelson, โItโs About America,โ Common Dreams, 9/24/08, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2008/09/24-5. Funda kabanzi ngombungazi, u Al Krebs. Abavuni Bezinkampani. Ngokujwayelekile kuleli phuzu bheka noMark Ritchie, โCrisis by Design,โ League of Rural Voters, 1987, pdf at http://www.iatp.org/iatp/publications.cfm?accountID=258&refID=48644; UGeorge Naylor, Ifa Lezinhlekelele, iNorth American Farm Alliance, 1986, http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/ra07/crisis_86.html.
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