Book
Buyekeza
Okulele Ngaphesheya Kwamanzi:Indaba Yangempela Yabahlanu baseCuba
Ibhalwe nguStephen Kimber
Halifax & Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing, 2013, 284 pp.
Isibuyekezo sikaJane Franklin
Okulele Ngaphesheya Kwamanzi iyindaba engokomlando, edalula, evusa amadlingozi ezombusazwe, kanye nezothando ezihlanganiswe kusiphithiphithi esihlanganisa amaphekula namanxusa angaphandle, nokugadwa kwe-FBI nokungahloniphi okuholela ngokungenakuvinjelwa enhlekeleleni. Ngokufaka indaba yabaHlanu baseCuba emlandweni wobudlelwane base-US-Cuban, umbhali uStephen Kimber ugqamisa amaphethini asabekayo akho kokubili umlando kanye nendaba. Thatha, isibonelo, lokho akwenzayo ngomfanekiso ka-Orlando Bosch. Labo abafunde ngempi yobushokobezi i-United States ebilokhu iyilwa eCuba kusukela ngo-1959, bayalazi indima esemqoka kaBosch. Efunde kancane e-United States, uBosch wahola ekuhlubukeni okuhlulekile kuhulumeni waseCuba wase-Cuba wabe esebalekela e-Miami nomkakhe nezingane ngo-1960. Ngokushesha nje uBosch ezinzile eFlorida waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobuphekula, wajoyina i-CIA's Operation. 40, eqhuba i-Insurrectional Movement of Revolutionary Recovery (MIRR), edubula i-bazooka endishini yezimpahla yasePoland ePort of Miami, ephula ushwele, futhi ebalekela eVenezuela.
NgoJuni 1976, uBosch kanye noLuis Posada Carriles, iphekula elidume ngokulingana, babengabaholi ekusungulweni kwe-Coordination of United Revolution Organisations (CORU), okuyiqembu elihlanganisa ukuhlasela hhayi iCuba kuphela, kodwa namazwe kanye nabantu abathathwa njengobungani neCuba. .
Ngokushesha i-CORU yaqala ukuhlasela amaphekula emazweni amaningana. Ngo-Okthoba, uBosch noPosada bahlela ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwendiza ethwala abantu iCubana Airlines, yayiphephula isuka esibhakabhakeni njengoba isuka eBarbados, kwashona bonke abantu abangu-73 ababekumkhumbi—okokuqala ngqa ukusetshenziswa kwendiza yabagibeli njengesikhali samaphekula (okungazange kwenzeke. kuzokwenzeka futhi kuze kube u-9/11).
Ngemva kweminyaka eboshelwe eVenezuela ngalobo bugebengu, uBosch wabuyela eFlorida ngo-1988 futhi wakhululwa ekuboshweni (ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-parole) ngo-1990, nakuba uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wawukhiphe umyalelo wokuthi axoshwe njengephekula. Ngakho-ke, umbulali omkhulu wakhululwa ukuba ahambe ekhululekile eMiami lapho ayegujwa khona njengeqhawe elilwela inkululeko.
Uhulumeni waseCuba, vele, akazange ahlekise. "Ngeke samukele ngokuthula izindaba zokukhululwa kuka-Orlando Bosch, oyiphekula," kuchaza umkhulumeli weCuban Interest Section eWashington. IHavana yayingenanhloso yokulinda buthule iqhinga [likaBosch] elilandelayo.
Okwengeza uKimber kulo mlando ojwayelekile ukudalulwa okushaqisayo kokuhlobana phakathi kokukhululwa kwaleli phekula kanye nesinqumo esisheshayo saseCuba sokusungula inethiwekhi entsha yamanxusa ezobunhloli eFlorida ukuze abhuntshise amacebo kaBosch kanye namanye amaphekula. Lokhu kwaphawula ukuzalwa kwalokho i-Havana code-eqanjwe ngokuthi i-La Red Avispa, i-Wasp Network.
Nakuba iqembu elalizokwaziwa ngokuthi iCuban Five lihlanganisa uGerardo Hernández, uRené González, uFernando González, uRamón Labañino, no-Antonio Guerrero—abami esikhumulweni semikhumbi seziboshwa eMiami lapho icala labo liqala ngo-2000, lalikhona, ekuqaleni. , eziningi ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu zazo. Lapho amanxusa e-FBI engena ngobuqili ngo-September 12, 1998, abopha abantu abangu-10—abahlanu kubo benza izivumelwano ngokushesha, balivuma icala ukuze bathole izigwebo ezincane nesithembiso sokufakaza ngokumelene nabantu bakubo.
UKimber uveza ukuthi, ekugcineni, kwabahlanu abenze isivumelwano, oyedwa kuphela, uJoseph Santos, owafakaza ecaleni futhi ubufakazi bakhe babumayelana nokuthi iCuba yabaqasha, yabaqeqesha futhi yathumela kanjani amanxusa ayo.
Ngesikhathi kuboshwa, i-FBI yakhomba esidlangalaleni amanye ama-avispa amane athi ashiye izwe ngaphambi kokuthi aboshwe. Lokho kwenza abangu-14. UKimber uphethe ngokuthi bekukhona okungenani ama-agent angama-22 eLa Red Avispa. (Lapho kulele, ngaphesheya kwamanzi, enye yezimfihlakalo ezisele—izindaba zabanye abayisishiyagalombili.)
I-ejenti yokuqala yaba yingxenye yeCuban Five yafika ngoDisemba 1990, ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuphela ngemuva kokukhululwa kuka-Orlando Bosch ngoJulayi. U-René González wandiza esuka e-Cuba nge-duster yezitshalo eyebiwe, wafika e-Key West, futhi waba ngusaziwayo osheshayo. Lapha kuqala ubumnandi bepolitiki, ngoba, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhloli zaseCuba, wayebeka impilo yakhe engcupheni ukuze avikele izwe elivinjezelwe yiMelika,
Ngokushesha uRené waba amaqhawe amabili ahlukene. EFlorida abamelene neCuba benza iphutha bacabanga ukuthi uyiqhawe labo. ECuba, empeleni wayeyiqhawe, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu baseCuba ababekwazi lokho. Abanye abantu baseCuba babembheka njengembuka (imbuka nesela eleba indiza) kwaze kwaba ngemva kokuboshwa eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva.
UStephen Kimber uyaphumelela ekwenzeni ubunzima balobu buzisi obuphindwe kabili bubonakale kubo bonke abameleli abachazayo. Khona manjalo siyaboniswa ukuthi lo menzeli, umkakhe, nendodakazi yabo bazidela kangakanani ukuze bathole umsebenzi we-ejenti wokuzama ukumisa ukuhlasela kwamaphekula eCuba.
Yiqiniso, lapho uRené ehamba ekhaya, umkakhe u-Irma Salanueva washeshe wathola ukuthi wayenesici. Akazange akholwe. Ngokuphazima kweso wayesengumama ongayedwana. Encwadini yakhe yokuqala ayibhalela wamtshela ukuthi ufikile “ezweni elimangalisayo” elinamathuba abo bonke. Ubephenya ngisho nesikole sendodakazi yabo, u-Irmita. Ephendula, wabhala ukuthi akafuni lutho ngaye. "Ngikufisela inhlanhla ngekusasa lakho elisha kodwa ngeke libe nami." Kuyo yonke iminyaka kusukela ngo-1990, uKimber wembula le ndaba yothando eyedlula iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yobuhlungu benhliziyo nokuhlukana kwaze kwaba yilapho uRené, eseqedile isigwebo sakhe, wakhululwa ejele ngo-2011 ngaphansi "kokukhululwa okugadiwe" futhi wavunyelwa ukuhlala eCuba ngo-2013.
Izimpilo zabantu abahlanu baseCuba ziyizindaba ezidabukisayo zemindeni ephila phakathi neminyaka yokungaqiniseki kanye nokwehlukana. Ngo-1994 uGerardo Hernandez washiya umkakhe u-Adriana Pérez ukuze afike eMiami njengomuntu wasePuerto Rican ogama lakhe linguManuel Viramóntez. “U-Adriana wayengazi—kodwa wayekwazi—umyeni wakhe.” Abangane bakhe baseCuba nezihlobo babecabanga ukuthi uyinxusa elalithunyelwe ehhovisi lenxusa eBuenos Aires, kodwa isabelo sakhe kwakuwukwengamela ama-ejenti e-La Red Avispa.
Ngesikhathi beboshwa, uGerardo wayeqhubeka nokuzama ukuletha u-Adriana eMiami—babefuna ukuba nezingane. Ngemva kokuboshwa, uGerardo egwetshwe izikhathi ezimbili zokuphila kanye neminyaka engu-2, ukwenqaba koMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US ukunikeza u-Adriana i-visa kubavimbela ukuba babe nezingane.
UKimber uzihlanganisa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi izindaba zamanxusa ebuqilini nasezingozini zomsebenzi wabo wezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nalapho ethula uJuan Pablo Roque ezweni elibulalayo likaJosé Basulto, elinye iphekula elikhulu elalihlele i-Brothers to Rescue: “Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi bobabili babalekela eCuba kaFidel Castro ngokubhukuda beya enkululekweni ngaphesheya kweGuantanamo Bay-José Basulto ngo-1961 ngemuva kwengxabano ye-Bay of Pigs; UJuan Pablo Roque eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30 kamuva ngemva kokudumazeka kakhulu ngempilo yakhe ngaphansi kobukhomanisi 'wadonsa igiya le-scuba waphaphalaza walibangisa esikhungweni samasosha ase-US e-Guantanamo,' lapho afuna ukukhoseliswa khona. Noma mhlawumbe, u-Basulto wacabanga, wayemthanda kakhulu lo mdlali osemusha ngenxa yokuthi indaba yakhe yayibonakala iphoqa futhi wayisho kahle kakhulu. "
U-Roque wayefunde e-Soviet Union futhi wabuyela e-Cuba njengomshayeli wendiza ye-Air Force MiG, uhlobo nje lokundizela i-Brothers to Rescue, noma wayecabanga kanjalo u-Basulto, owathanda kakhulu umshayeli we-MiG owayegijima. U-Basulto wayengazi ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bakhe ababili babengama-agent aseCuba. URené González noJuan Pablo Roque nabo babengazi, ngoba amalungu eLa Red Avispa ayengazani ngokujwayelekile; ngumphathi wabo kuphela owayazi.
Sibonga u-Roque, I-Cuban State Security yayazi konke mayelana “nentshisekelo ka-José Basulto yokuthola izikhali zebanga elide ukuze azame impilo yoMkhuzi Omkhulu [kanye] nokuqoqa imali yakhe ngemizamo yokubulala abanye abantu e-Cuba.” U-Roque wayephinde watshela abaphathi bakhe ngeziyalezo ayezithole kubazalwane mayelana nezindlela “zokuphazamisa” imibhoshongo yokulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza ezikhumulweni zezindiza zaseCuba.
Kwakuzokwenzekani ukube u-Basulto wathola ukuthi obani la ma-agent ngempela? Kusobala ukuthi wayengenalo uvalo ngokubulala abantu. Futhi ayizange iCuban American National Foundation (CANF), ecebe kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, enethonya elikhulu kunawo wonke amaqembu amelene neCuba e-United States. Kuze kube yilapho owayeyilungu lebhodi edalula ngokucasuka ingalo yabo yezempi efihlekile ngo-2006, i-CANF yaphikelela ngokuthi kwakuyinhlangano engenalo udlame. Ngenxa yabasebenzi bayo bezobunhloli, iCuba itshele iqiniso ukuthi iWashington yenza sengathi ayikholwa nakuba, vele, i-FBI nayo ilazi iqiniso.
Ngisho nencwadi yempilo kaRoque yayikhiqize ubuhlakani obungalindelekile (CANF), obubhale phansi ukushicilelwa kwayo, yacela uRoque ukuthi anikeze “ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kokusebenzisa amarokhethi acibishelayo ukwenza [umzamo] empilweni yoMkhuzi Omkhulu.”
I-CANF, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yanxenxa iCongress ngokuthula futhi yaxhasa ngezimali abafuduki baseCuba ababa ngamalungu eCongress, banikela ngemali kubo bobabili amaDemocrats namaRiphabhulikhi, idala futhi yahlela ukuphasiswa koMthetho we-Torricelli ka-1992 kanye noMthetho we-Helms-Burton ka-1996—ubuphekula obusemthethweni obuhloselwe, kusukela. ekuqaleni, ekubhubhiseni bonke abantu baseCuba ukuze bazithobe. Indaba Yangempela Yabahlanu baseCuba kuyingxenye eqhubekayo yaleyo nqubomgomo yase-US eqhubekayo maqondana neCuba.
UKimber wayengazi lutho ngamaCuban Five njengoba eqala ukuphenya le ndaba, kodwa ucwaningo lwakhe olumangalisayo kanye nezingxoxo zakhe—kanye nemibhalo yakhe nabaseCuban Five emajele abo ase-United States—kummbulela ubukhulu obukhulu balokho akusho. waseCanada, wayedalula.
U-Kimber uchaza ukwakhiwa ngo-1997 no-1998 ekuboshweni kwabahlanu baseCuba, okugcwele izimfihlakalo nezimanga ezitholakala ezinganekwaneni. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa uKimber uphawula ukuthi akukho lutho njengoba kubonakala.
Esinye isimanga esamangaza abaningi bethu ngaleso sikhathi, ngoNovemba 1997, ukuthi i-US Coast Guard, emanzini asePuerto Rican, empeleni yabopha amalungu ezigidi ze-CANF ayesendleleni eyobulala uMongameli uFidel Castro esiqhingini saseMargarita saseVenezuela lapho. wayezothamela umhlangano we-Ibero-American Summit. Ukuqulwa kwecala labo kwakusalindile ngesikhathi abahlanu baseCuba beboshwa ngemuva konyaka. Abanye abahlaziyi bahlawumbisele ukuthi isici esisodwa esinqumweni soMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US sokubopha amaCuban Five ngoSepthemba 1998 kwakuwukudukisa ukunaka kwabazoba ababulali be-CANF. Abezindaba babikezela ukuthi bagxile “kumaphekula aseCuba” kunabashokobezi be-CANF—abakhululwa kuwo wonke amacala ngesikhathi abahlanu baseCuba besalinde ukuqulwa kwamacala ngoDisemba 1999. U-Héctor Pesquera, umqondisi we-FBI ePuerto Rico ngesikhathi kuboshwa i-CANF. amalungu, wadluliselwa eMiami futhi waba umqondisi we-FBI ophethe ukuboshwa kwabahlanu baseCuba.
Umbiko kaKimber wokuboshwa kweCuban Five zig-zag ngomkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu uLuis Posada awuhlela eHavana ngo-1997 nango-1998; Umzamo kaGabriel García Márquez wokunxenxa abaphathi bakaClinton ukuthi bayeke ubuphekula obuzinze e-US, okwalandelwa yithimba le-FBI eHavana ngoJuni 1998 ukuze bathole ulwazi kuziphathimandla zaseCuba mayelana nenethiwekhi yamaphekula eMiami; ukuvezwa kwekhasi lokuqala kukaLuis Posada eziqhayisa ngobuphekula ngoJulayi 1998 New York Times; kanye nendima ye-ejenti ye-FBI uGeorge Kisynzski, "umngane omuhle kakhulu" kaLuis Posada, ekuphatheni ithiphu mayelana nesikebhe esigcwele iziqhumane eMiami.
Kwenzeka ngesikhathi okuthiwa "uphenyo lwe-FBI" lwetulo lika-1997 lokubulala uFidel Castro. Esikebheni esiseshwe yi-Coast Guard bekukhona izibhamu ze-sniper ezinobude obungamasentimitha angu-50. Omunye kwakungekaMongameli we-CANF uFrancisco (Pepe) Hernandez. Lapho ngizwa ukuthi amanxusa e-FBI “axoxile” noPepe, ngezwa umyalezo othi: “hlala phansi kuze kube sekudlule isikhathi.” U-Pepe akakaze abekwe icala futhi usengumongameli we-CANF kusukela kulokhu kubhalwa.
I-FBI iyazi ukuthi ubani emaqenjini amelene neCuba futhi, njengoba ubufakazi obuvezwe ecaleni leCuban Five lembula, futhi bebazi ukuthi ubani owayeseLa Red Avispa. Besekuyiminyaka bebuka iCuban Five, betshala izinsiza zokulalela ezindlini zabo, bebalandela emihlanganweni, bebuka futhi belindile. Indaba yokuthi uJuan Pablo Roque wasinda kanjani ngokudabukisayo ingenye yezijabulisa kakhulu encwadini.
Okulele Ngaphesheya Kwamanzi kubonisa ukuthi icala elibi kakhulu, isinqumo, nesigwebo ecaleni labaHlanu baseCuba kwakusekelwe emangeni aluhlaza aluhlaza: ukuthi uGerardo Hernández wayenokuthile “nokudutshulwa” okudumile kwango-1996 kwezindiza ezimbili zaBazalwane Bezokutakula. Icala abekwe lona lokwakha itulo lokubulala liholele ekutheni agwetshwe udilikajele kanti esinye isigwebo sikadilikajele angehliswa ukuze athole odilikajele ababili kanye neminyaka engu-2. Okokuqala, lelo cala lenezelwa ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa ngemva kokuthweswa icala kokuqala. Kwathi ekupheleni kwecala, abashushisi bafaka isicelo esiphuthumayo ngomzuzu wokugcina ukuze bavimbele amajaji ekuvoteleni icala lokubulala elibhekene noGerardo. Babenqume ukuthi abukho ubufakazi obanele nokuthi lokhu kungase kubangele ukwehluleka kokushushiswa. INkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yasichitha isicelo sabo.
U-Kimber uxhumanisa indaba ye-Cuban Five hhayi nje emlandweni owandulele, kodwa futhi nezehlakalo phakathi nangemuva kwecala. Umbuzo ngamunye awuhlolayo wengeza ukubaluleka kwendaba. Ingabe izinkinga ezibonakala zixakile njengomzamo wokugcina u-Elián González e-Miami zibe nomthelela kanjani embonweni e-Miami, indawo yecala? Labhuntshiwa kanjani itulo likaPosada lokubulala uMongameli uFidel Castro ngonyaka wezi-2000? Ukube lolo hlelo beluphumelele, iziqhumane zepulasitiki bezizoqhumisa ihholo elinabantu abangaba ngu-2,000 phakathi. (Cabanga ukubulawa kwabantu ukube amanxusa aseCuba abengawenzi umsebenzi wawo).
Icala labaHlanu baseCuba lihlobana kanjani necala likaLuis Posada e-El Paso, eTexas, ngo-2011? Futhi kuthiwani ngendaba ka-Alan Gross? I-Cuba inezindaba zayo zokubuka nokulinda. UKimber ulandela u-Alan Gross kusukela ekuvakasheni kwakhe kokuqala eCuba ngo-2004 waze waboshwa ngo-2009. Izikhulu zaseCuba zazikwazi kahle ukuthi wayenzani phakathi nayo yonke leyo minyaka emihlanu. U-Gross, osebenzela uMnyango Wezwe, wayefana nama-FBI, enza umsebenzi wakhe. Ingabe uhulumeni wase-US unendaba ngokwanele nge-ejenti yakhe ukuze amshintshele amalungu amane e-Cuban Five asele ejele?
Z
UJane Franklin ungomunye wongoti abahamba phambili emhlabeni mayelana nobudlelwano beCuba ne-US. Ungumbhali we Ubudlelwano Bangaphandle baseCuba: I-Chronology, 1959-1982 kanye neCuba kanye ne-United States: Umlando Wezikhathi. Ungomunye wababhali be Vietnam neMelika.
Book
Buyekeza
U-Ruth First kanye no-Joe Slovo eMpini Yokulwa Nobandlululo
Ibhalwe ngu-Alan Wieder
Iphephandaba Lokubuyekezwa Kwanyanga zonke, Agasti 2013
Isibuyekezo sika-Seth Sandronsky
URuth noJoe, amaJuda ezwe amhlophe eNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo, kwakungadingeki balwe nalowo mphakathi welungelo elinemibala yesikhumba. Nokho bakwenza ngoba leso simiso senhlalo sagwebela inqwaba yabantu ukuphila osizini nobumpofu.
Sithola ubunkimbinkimbi bendawo, indawo, kanye nesikhathi ezimpilweni zikaRuth noJoe phakathi kwalabo abakwazi nokuqashelwa ngamagama ukuze kuketulwe ukubusa kwabamhlophe eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokudabukisayo, uRuth noJoe abazange basinde lapho bebona impi yabo yebanga elide ithela izithelo. Iqhaza lalowo owasinda ezingxoxweni zezombusazwe kude nombuso wobandlululo liyakhazimula, nokulandisa okujulile ngemibono eyahlukene yenqubo enzima. Umuntu uthola umuzwa wento enganyakazi ehlangana namandla angenakuvinjwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulandisa kuka-Wieder kucebile ngokomongo kanye nemininingwane yobushoshovu bukaRuth noJoe njengoba izingxoxo namalungu omndeni nabangane zigqamisa inyunyana yalaba ababili, “abasebenzisana nabahlukene.”
Umsebenzi ka-Wieder uhlanganisa amashumi eminyaka kaRuth noJoe wokulwa nobandlululo phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi—UJoe uya futhi esuka endaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union futhi usebenza eduze nozakwabo lapho. Isakhiwo esifanayo encwadini sivela phakathi kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nempilo kaRuth noJoe. Izenzo zabo zoguquko ziguqukela esigabeni salokho isazi semfundiso yezwe u-Immanuel Wallerstein aphikisayo ngokuthi uhlelo lwezizwe eziwumnyombo, ezingasemngceleni, kanye nezifunda eziseceleni ezivalelwe ezingxabanweni zokuncintisana ezigcwele umzabalazo wezigaba.
URuth noJoe bayangqubuzana, njengoba kwenza amaqabane abo, ngalokho (okungenzeki) ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union nasezizweni ezimaphakathi nempumalanga yeYurophu. Umqondo wakhe wobukhomanisi baseSoviet ubonakala ubonakala. Okwamanje, uRuth noJoe bakha futhi bagcine ubumbano kanye nobumbano nabaphikisana nobandlululo ngokumelene nesitha esinamandla amakhulu ezempi. Akekho ozuza inqubekelaphambili enjalo ngaphandle kwabalingani nokuqina futhi i-akhawunti ka-Weider ye-ebbs nokugeleza iyamangaza.
U-Ruth noJoe basebenzisana ne-African National Congress (ANC) kanye ne-South African Communist Party ikakhulukazi. Womabili la maqembu asiza u-Ruth no-Joe, ekuqulweni kwecala—ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwejele nokudingiswa—ukulwa nokucindezelwa kwabangemhlophe eNingizimu Afrika, njengoba izinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nemikhuba ephikisayo kanye nethiyori zisunduza futhi zidonsa abavukeli.
UJoe wengamela izinselele ezingokomthetho zabamnyama nabanye abangemhlophe njengommeli. Ipuleti lakhe ligcwele lokho futhi ehola impi engaphansi komhlaba ngokumelene nombuso wobandlululo, esiza ekwakheni uphiko lwezikhali lwe-ANC, uMkhonto weSizwe, ngo-1961.
Esikhathini sikaRuth noJoe namanje, iNingizimu Afrika iyisizinda semithombo yemvelo ebalulekile ohlelweni lomnotho womhlaba. Lelo qiniso lishukumisela uRuth ukuba abhale izindatshana, izincwadi, nemibiko yokuthi abantu baphila futhi basebenze kanjani ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kanye nemithelela yobukoloniyali baseNtshonalanga. Wasebenzisana nenqwaba yabalweli benkululeko. Omunye nguWalter Rodney, umbhali ongasekho kanye nesishoshovu saseGuyana, ikoloni langaphambili laseBrithani, owabhala umlando. Indlela IYurophu Engathuthuki Ngayo I-Afrika e 1972.
URuthe ungaphezu nje kokuzibamba enkathini ebuswa abesilisa. Uyisivunguvungu somsebenzi, ukucwaninga, ukweluleka, nokufundisa emazweni afana ne-Angola neMozambique. U-Wieder ugqamisa ukuthi ubunzalamizi obungesiyo kanjani udaba, kodwa buwumgogodla wemizabalazo yenkululeko yabantu. Kwakuyizwe lomuntu ngaleso sikhathi, hhayi kangako manje, umphumela wepolitiki enkulu.
Ukulwa nezinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle namandla ahilelekile ekumelaneni nobandlululo kwawenza waba nzima umshado kaRuth noJoe. Indlela abakhulise ngayo amadodakazi amathathu ngalo mlilo iphazamisa ingqondo, lapho u-Weider ethula khona imibono eyanele. Ucwaningo lwakhe oluyisisekelo nolwesibili luchaza futhi luhlaziye ubungozi kanye nemivuzo lezi zithandani eziyizishoshovu ezihlangabezane nazo zilwa nemithetho yaseNingizimu Afrika “njengemithetho yamapasi” yokukhawulela ukuhamba kwabantu abangemhlophe—cabanga ngamaphoyisa “ama-stop and frisk” aseDolobheni laseNew York aqondise abantu abamnyama. I-Latinos kuma-steroids.
Ukuphikisana nobandlululo kwadonsela u-Ruth noJoe ekujuleni kwezomnotho nepolitiki yaseNingizimu Afrika futhi kwabagcina lapho ngomkhankaso oqhubekayo wokudala uhlelo olusha. Sibonga u-Wieder, singawujabulela umsebenzi wabo wokuzalwa umphakathi wezinhlanga zonke ovela emlotheni wombuso wabamhlophe bodwa.
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USeth Sandronsky ubhala futhi uhlala eSacramento, eCalifornia.
