UMichael Albert
Ini
kwenzeke? Ngokumangalisayo, njengoba siya koshicilela, namanje akekho umongameli. Kodwa siyazi
ukuthi kubo bonke abangaba abavoti labo Abangavoti bathole cishe amaphesenti angama-50. Gore uthole
Amaphesenti angama-24. UBush uthole amaphesenti angama-24. Nadergot 2 amaphesenti. Amaqiniso abalulekile: Kabili
abantu abaningi abazange bavote njengoba besekelwa noma yiliphi ikhandidethi. AbakwaGreens baqeda
Iqembu lesithathu elikhulu kunawo wonke e-US Voter anomalies kanye nokuphazamisa kwaphuma
ithunzi.
Abangavoti babona
ukukhetha kwabo njengokuklolodelwa nguGore noma ukuklolodelwa nguBush. Ukuze ugweme-
ukuhlukunyezwa, bahlala ekhaya. Labo abangabanikazi bezimali noma abanemisebenzi enamandla kakhulu
umthelela olinganiselwe enzuzweni yabo. Bancamele uBush, kodwa bavote kakhulu
kuGore futhi. Labo abasezikhundleni zomphakathi ezingenamandla kanye nalabo
abavotelwe nhlobo, babevame ukushukunyiswa imibono eyiphutha yenhlalakahle esontelwe nabezindaba
izindleko, izindaba zokuvikela, amathuba emisebenzi, namandla ahlobene kahulumeni
uma kuqhathaniswa nebhizinisi, futhi kuvame ukuvala ukuvotela (oku-spin-doctored)
ubuntu, ngoba akukho okunye okwakubonakala kuphoqa. Cishe wonke umuntu wathatha
inikezwe ukuthi izici eziwuchazayo zomphakathi ngeke zishintshwe. Asazi
bangaki abangakhetha izinguquko zesistimu uma leyo nketho itholakala mahhala.
Khona-ke, ingxenye ebalulekile, kwakukhona noNader/LaDuke.
Ukuze serious
ngakwesobunxele, kufanele kube yimvelo yesibili ukuthi uhlelo lokhetho lwase-US luphelele
koniswe yi-lobby, iphathi, nemali yekhandidethi, nokunye okwengeziwe
uhlaka lukahulumeni wethu. Sinawo umthelela odumile wokuthi ubani ogijimayo
ihhovisi. Asinalo ulwazi oluqotho lwalokho abazongenela ukhetho bahlose ukukwenza. Siyantula
ulwazi lwengqikithi yezindaba. Asinawo amandla okuthinta amakhandidethi
kanye esesikhundleni. Ngokubanzi, amaqembu amabili amakhulu akhona ukuze aqinisekise lokho
umphakathi unokubusa phezu kwabantu abangenakho.
Okhethweni
2000 nathi sabona ukuthi indlela
kwabanye okhethweni lwenziwe lwaba lula. Indlela yabanye yayithwele kanzima noma imbala
kuvinjiwe. Amaqhinga okubhuqa akhinyabeza izintandokazi zabavoti ukuthi zibhaliswe noma
kubaliwe. Uma sibhekwa phesheya, sinendodana yowayengumbusi (umongameli) okwathi
waphinde waphatha amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi wezwe (CIA) elahlekelwa yivoti elidumile kodwa
ukulengiswa ngenxa yesikhungo se-artifact yekoloni kanye nokuvalwa okuhlekisayo
ivota esimweni lapho umfowabo ebusa khona (umbusi) futhi lapho amavoti angavamile
kanye nokwesatshiswa kwamaphoyisa ombuso kubavoti abambalwa kwakugcwele yonke indawo. Uma i-US
bekuyizwe lesithathu lomhlaba kanye neFlorida isifundazwe somhlaba wesithathu, bekuzokwenzekani
wonke umuntu uyacabanga? Kufanele sigxeke inkohlakalo yokusebenza kokhetho,
Yebo, kodwa kufanele futhi sicacise ukuthi lezi zindlela ezeqisayo zithwala okufanayo
maqondana nezinkinga zokhetho eziyisisekelo njengokukhwabanisa kwezinkampani
ithwala izinkinga zesakhiwo sobunxiwankulu. Inkohlakalo yokhetho
kungase kushintshe ukhetho, njengoba ukukhwabanisa kwemakethe kungase kukhulise inzuzo yenkampani, kodwa
ngaphansi kwenkohlakalo yokhetho, uhlelo lwamaqembu amabili, lukahulumeni
isakhiwo, kanye nokulawulwa kwabezindaba kwalokho esikwaziyo, yikho okuqinisekisa ngokweqiniso kwethu
ukuchezuka okungapheli komphakathi entandweni yeningi yeqiniso.
Elections
kanye nobushoshovu
The
Umkhankaso kaNader ukhombise ukuthi ukuthola amavoti, imali ibalulekile. Imali iyanquma
bangaki abantu abakwazi ngisho nokuthi ukhona; kakhulukazi ukwazi okuthandayo. It
inquma ukuthi ubonakala ngokwanele yini ukuze ukhuthaze inkolelo yokuthi ungawina,
okubalulekile ekubambeni amavoti, nokuthi ungakwazi yini ukuthola abalandeli
izindawo zokuvota. UNader uthole amavoti ayizigidi ezingu-2.6. Ukuze isebenze kahle ngo-2004, iGreens
kudingeka bathole u-$10 noma ngaphezulu kulowo nalowo wabavoti abayizigidi ezingu-2.6 ngaleso sikhathi
kusukela manje kuze kufike okhethweni oluzayo. Lokho izimpande zotshani ezihlukile
uxhaso lukahulumeni.
I-Nader
umkhankaso ubonise ukuthi ekudluliseni okuqukethwe, imidiya ibalulekile. Evala uNader
ngaphandle kwezimpikiswano kukhiye umnyango ngokubonakala okudingekayo ukuze uwine amaphesenti angu-5.
Ukusakazwa kwabezindaba okudabukisayo kuqinisekise ukwesekwa okuphansi, ithemba eliphansi, kanjalo namavoti aphansi.
Noma yimuphi umkhankaso wesikhathi esizayo kufanele ukhuthaze ngokuphumelelayo enye imidiya futhi
Izinketho ze-inthanethi futhi kufanele futhi ifake umkhankaso onamandla kakhulu wokubonakala
ingcindezi kwabezindaba abajwayelekile kanye nakuziphathimandla zezinkulumo mpikiswano. Kungani ungenayo
imibuthano yabantu abangu-10,000 kanye ne-15,000 ngaphandle kwe-NBC, noma ngaphakathi kwe-NBC, ngalokho
ndaba?
Incazelo
ngoba uNader ongafinyeleli kumaphesenti angu-5 uhlala emalini, ngokwengxenye nabezindaba,
futhi ngokwengxenye, ngaleyo ndaba, no-Gore eqhube umkhankaso onjalo odabukisayo
ukuthi udaba olubi oluncane lwavela ngokugqama. Kodwa kwakunezinye izizathu
kanye nezibalo eziphansi kunezifanele, ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu okulungisa.
Ngokwesibonelo,
kungani ukwesekwa kukaNader kwakuphansi kangaka emiphakathini yabaNsundu naphakathi kokusebenza
abantu? E-California, amavoti okuphuma akhombisa ukuthi uNader naye wenze ingxenye
kwabaMnyama njengoba enza kwabamhlophe. Imiphumela emibi efanayo iyavela
Izibalo zikaNader phakathi kwamalungu enyunyana. Ukube uNader wenze kangcono nabamnyama
nabasebenzi abahlelekile abaya okhethweni, bekuzomnika kalula
ngaphezu kwamaphesenti amahlanu amavoti.
Mayelana nani
abangavoti? Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke abavoti abafanelekile ayizange ivote. Uma Nader
wayehehe unwele olungaphezu kuka-4 kwabangu-100 abangavoti, ubengakwenza
benze amaphesenti amahlanu kuzwelonke. Ukube umkhankaso weNader ubusemiseleni
ngokwenza lolo hlobo lokufinyelela, amaphesenti angu-5 kufanele ngabe afinyeleleka. Kwesokunxele
amakhandidethi ngeke enze kahle uma bengenalo udlame ngobulili nobuhlanga njengoba
kanjalo nangekilasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwazi ukwenza kahle ngaphandle kokufinyelela kubo
labo abangahambisani nepolitiki, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo asebevele bakhona
bencike endleleni yabo. Ngesikweletu sakhe esikhulu, uNader wabonakala efunda leso sifundo njenge
umkhankaso wenziwa. Ngokuzayo, ukuqonda kufanele kwazise isu kusuka ku
ekuqaleni.
Ukhetho
izinguquko?
Is
I-Electoral College i-anachronism? Yebo kunjalo. Ingabe Ukhetho
Ukusabela ekolishi? Hhayi-ke, yadalelwa ukuvikela ukhetho lwe
umongameli ovela emphakathini oxubile ngokusebenzisa ungqimba lwabavoti abangaba ngendlela efanele
ophucukile futhi ocebile. Kodwa lokho kwakukudala, futhi manje abavoti
uboshelwe kakhulu ngevoti eliqondile labangenele ukhetho. Ngokolunye uhlangothi,
ngoba amavoti okhetho abelwe izwe ngalinye
Ummeleli kanye noSenatha, inani labavoti bezifundazwe ezincane lilinganayo
manje iphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa uma iqhathaniswa nenani labantu bakhona. Lena inkinga yangempela
lokho kugunyaza ukususa lonke uhlelo lwe-Electoral College, noma okungenani
ukushintsha amavoti ahlukaniselwe izwe ngalinye. Isibonelo, uma izwe ngalinye lalinakho
amavoti okhetho amaningi kuphela njengoba enabameleli—okungukuthi, uma kunjalo
inani lamavoti okhetho lalilingana nenani labantu bakhona— uGore wayezokwenza
uwine Electoral College ngisho ngaphandle kokuwina Florida.
Yini mhlawumbe
okuthakazelisayo nakakhulu, ukuthi i-Electoral College ibangela imizamo yomkhankaso ibe
athululelwa ezifundeni ezisondelene futhi kude nezifunda ezinkulu ekamu elilodwa noma
okunye. Uma ivoti bekungumuntu oyedwa ivoti elilodwa bese kuwina amavoti amaningi,
isu lokhetho lizogxila kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi
ngaphandle kokubheka umehluko kuzo.
So
Okubalulekile ukuthi ukuqeda ikolishi loKhetho kuzosusa i
elitist (kodwa engasebenzi kancane) firewall phakathi kwabavoti kanye
amakhandidethi, azoqeda ukweqiwa kwenani ngokweqile kwenani
imiphakathi yezifunda ezincane, futhi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni imikhankaso injani
gijima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqeda i-Electoral College ngeke kwandise
umuzwa womphakathi wokubandakanyeka noma ukuhlanganyela, kungasaphathwa amandla awo
ukuthikameza imiphumela, futhi ngeke kusize ngokuphawulekayo ukuqhubeka nokushiya
izifiso. I-Electoral College ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba izinkathazo
kuvula umnyango wokucabangela ezinye izinguquko. Ngakho uma umnyango usuvuliwe
ekuguqulweni kokhetho, yiziphi ezinye izinguquko okufanele sizisebenzele?
(1) Okusheshayo
Ukuvotelwa Kweqa. Ngaphansi kokuvota kwe-runner esheshayo, abavoti baklelisa abantu abazongenela ukhetho
uhlelo lokukhethayo. Ungavota uNader/Gore/Bush, nanoma iyiphi enye iphethini leyo
imele okuncamelayo kweqiniso. Amavoti abalwa ngochungechunge lwemijikelezo.
Uma ikhandidethi liwina iningi lezinketho zokuqala khona lapho, khona-ke lelo khandidethi
ngokushesha iwina. Uma lingekho ikhandidethi elithola iningi lezinketho zokuqala ilungelo
icishiwe, bese kukhishwa ikhandidethi lokugcina. Emavotini akhe,
ukukhetha kwesibili kusatshalaliswa phakathi kwamakhandidethi asele. Uma lokho kwehluleka
ukukhiqiza owinile, kukhishwe abantu abazongena endaweni yokugcina nokubala kabusha
kuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho othile edlula amaphesenti angu-50. Ngale ndlela, ububi obuncane
umkhuba uncishisiwe. Okhethweni luka-2000, isibonelo, emva kokubala kokuqala,
UPat Buchanan, ophume ekugcineni, uzosakazwa amavoti akhe endaweni yesibili
phezulu. Noma ngabe wonke lawo mavoti aye kuBush, lokhu bekungeke kumenze uBush esikhundleni
phezulu. Okulandelayo, amavoti aphume isibili kaNader, kanye nanoma imaphi amavoti awathole kuwo
Abasekeli bakaBuchanan, bazosatshalaliswa phakathi kwabasele. Lokhu
uzowina uGore. Noma ngabe uNader ubethole amavoti angama-20% endaweni yokuqala,
becabanga ukuthi labo abavoti bonke babeke u-Gore endaweni yesibili, u-Gore uzobe esenguye
onqobayo.
(2)
Ukumelwa Okulinganayo. Cishe lonke ukhetho e-United States lukhona
ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokunqoba-thatha-konke. Ngenxa yalokho, abavoti bekhandidethi
othola amavoti amaningi uzuza ukumelwa, kodwa abavoti bazuze omunye
abazongenela ukhetho abawini lutho. Ukumelwa ngokulinganayo (PR) kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi
iqembu labavoti abanomqondo ofanayo lingawina izihlalo zomthetho ngokulingana nezalo
isabelo sevoti elidumile. Ngokuwina-thatha-konke, amaphesenti angu-100 we
ukumelwa kuya eningini elingamaphesenti angama-50.1. Ngokulingana
abavoti abamelele kwidlanzana bazuza isabelo sabo esifanelekile sokumelwa.
Zonke izinhlobo eziningi zokumelwa ngokulinganayo zikhuthaza okwengeziwe
imibono enembile evela ezinhlobonhlobo zemibono yezepolitiki kubavoti abathile,
kunokuba umnqobi wethu wamanje athathe yonke indlela.
(3) Umkhankaso
Ukukhokhela. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukuba nohlelo lapho izicebi kuphela ezingakwazi
ukunqoba kuyinhlekelele kunoma yini ngaphandle kwezithakazelo zabacebile. Akukhona nje
ukuthi abantu abakwazi ukuthola imali kuphela abangawina. Futhi ukuthi amaqembu kuphela ngezindlela
anganqoba. Kuphinde kube wukuthi labo abasezikhundleni bakhuphula imali ngokungaphezi, babonakale
kulabo ababaphayo. Okunye okuthokozisayo kungaba yi-federal
uxhaso lwezimali lwalo lonke ukhetho, ngentela ekhethekile ezinkampanini ezizokhokhela umthethosivivinywa.
Yini Okumelwe Siyenze?
Kakhulu
Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 bavotele uNader/LaDuke. Mhlawumbe abanye abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 bebengenza kanjalo
ngithandile. Ngokusobala, abanye abayizigidi ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu babenentshisekelo futhi
ecabanga, “awu, mhlawumbe.” Lokhu kungabantu abaningi. Kufanele sigcine kanjani
intshisekelo yabo, basebenzise amandla abo, bakhuthaze amathemba abo, futhi baqhubekisele phambili
izifiso? Lezi zethameli esezivele ziyamukele zinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zikhiqize okwengeziwe
imali kune-federal funding. Kukhulu ngokwanele ukwenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana
ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwemithombo yezindaba. Enye indlela yokuthola ukubandakanyeka okuhlala njalo
ukwakha uhulumeni oyithunzi (bheka Z November) bese udala okuqhubekayo
inkundla yokubamba iqhaza, ukusungula, ukufunda, kanye nomzabalazo. Ngabe nalokhu
indlela noma okunye, isilinganiso somkhankaso weNader sizoba ukuthi ngabe kunjalo
kwakha indlela ecacile nenamandla eya phambili ehlanganisa izifunda ezihlukahlukene
kanye nokunyakaza kodaba olulodwa, okuthuthukisa ubuciko kanye nenjabulo
ukubamba iqhaza, okukhiqiza izinto eziza kuqala ku-powerpo litical, kanye nezixhumanisi zendawo
ukuhlela okuphansi, ngomzamo kazwelonke wokusiza imizamo yendawo kanye
ukusizwa yibo. Kukhona ithuba langempela ezweni. Umsebenzi uku
yibambe.
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