Ibhikishela ukuhlasela kweTurkey eKurdistan phambi kweMassachusetts State House eBoston, MA, ngo-ab1358/Shutterstock.com
CJ Polychroniou: UNoam, selokhu angena esikhundleni, uTrump ukhombise izikhathi eziningi ukuthi akayena umongameli ojwayelekile wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle. Kodwa ingabe ungenza umqondo ngokuma kwakhe ngaseSiriya?
U-Noam Chomsky: Isinyathelo sokuqala sakamuva sikaTrump bekuwukuhoxisa iqembu elincane lase-US elivimbe ukwanda kweTurkey ekuhlaseleni kwayo iSyria nokugunyaza izinhlelo zika-Erdoğan zokwelula izenzo zakhe zonya nokuhlanzwa kohlanga lwamaKurds aseSyria. Isinyathelo sakhe sesibili kwaba ukuhambisa amasosha ase-US ukuthi "avikele" izindawo ezikhiqiza uwoyela. Lesi sakamuva, ngokusobala ngemva kokutshelwa ngamafutha, kulula ukusiqonda. Ubelokhu ebambelele ekutheni okuwukuphela kwesithakazelo sethu esimile eMpumalanga Ephakathi “ukuvikela” uwoyela wayo ukuze kusizakale thina. Mayelana nesinyathelo sokuqala, singaqagela kuphela, kodwa kubonakala sengathi isisusa yiso esimqondisayo ngokungaguquki: Isenzo sizongithinta kanjani? UTrump uyiqili elisebenzayo elinomqondo omuhle wokuthi yini eyenza isisekelo sakhe sokuvota siphile. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi wayelindele (ngokufanelekile kubonakala) ukuthi ukuhoxisa amasosha angamakhulu ambalwa kuzokhanga ingxenye yabantu ehambisana nomyalezo wakhe wokuthi iMelika isebenzisa ngobuwula igazi kanye nengcebo yayo ukusiza abantu "abangafaneleki" size sibonge ukuzidela kwethu ngenxa yabo, nokuthi uTrump ungumongameli wokuqala ukumela abantu baseMelika abahluphekayo esikhundleni sokunikela ngakho konke kubantu bakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yobuwula (noma ukukhohlisa).
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuvota okuphindaphindiwe kubonise ukuthi abantu baseMelika balinganisa ngokweqile isikali sosizo lwangaphandle—futhi batusa ukuthi lube phezulu kakhulu kunalokho oluyikho ngempela (ukubeka eceleni lokho okwakha “usizo”).
Kuningi osekubhaliwe futhi kwashiwo mayelana nokukhashelwa kwamaKurds, umfelandawonye wase-US ekulweni ne-ISIS (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Daesh). Nokho, lesi akusona isikhathi sokuqala lapho i-US ikhaphela amaKurds nabanye ababengabambisene nabo.
Ukukhashelwa kwamaKurds selokhu uFord-Kissinger elahla amaKurds ngenxa yomusa kaSaddam Hussein ngesikhathi engasadingeki. UReagan waze wayokweseka umkhankaso kamngani wakhe uSaddam wempi yamakhemikhali ngokumelene namaKurds ase-Iraqi, efuna ukusola i-Iran futhi avimbele imizamo yengqungquthela yokusabela kulawa macala asabekayo. Indlela kaClinton yayiwukunikeza izikhali zokuhlasela kukahulumeni okubulalayo kwamaKurds aseTurkey, okwabulala amashumi ezinkulungwane, kwaqothula amadolobha namadolobhana angu-3,500, futhi kwaxosha amakhulu ezinkulungwane emizini yawo. (Bheka uNoam Chomsky, The New Military Humanism, Isahluko 3. London: Pluto Press, 1999.) Izikhukhula zikaClinton zosizo lwezempi zanda kanye nobugebengu obushaqisayo, njengoba iTurkey yaba umamukeli oyinhloko wezikhali zaseMelika (ngaphandle kwe-Israel-Egypt, isigaba esihlukene).
Igalelo likaTrump liyanyanyisa kakhulu. AmaKurds alahlekelwe amasosha angu-11,000, amadoda nabesifazane, ehola impi emelene ne-ISIS lapho uTrump ethi isikweletu, esizwa amanye amabutho akhethekile ase-US (abalimele aba-5 bayabikwa) nokusekelwa emoyeni. U-Erdoğan ucele ukuthi amaKurds asuse izinqaba ezivikelayo (ukugcwalisa imisele, njll.) eduze nomngcele, futhi ngesicelo somyalo wase-US, athobela, ethemba isithembiso sikaWashington sokuthi sizowavikela ekuhlaselweni okwengeziwe kweTurkey. I-tweet kaTrump yephule leso sithembiso, ishiya amaKurds echayeka ekuhlaselweni ngamabutho asekelwa yiTurkey, iningi libonakala lingama-jihadis nezigebengu. Sekuyiminyaka iTurkey isiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamajihadi ukuthi akhukhule eSyria ngempi yawo elwa ne-Assad kanye nokusungula ubukhona baseTurkey. Akumangazi ukuthi ukuhlasela kwaseTurkey okunwetshiwe kwenziwe kanjani.
Owake waba ngumshushisi kanye nomphenyi we-UN uCarla del Ponte uthe u-Erdoğan kufanele aphenywe futhi athweswe amacala empi. Kuthiwani ngoTrump? Phela, akuyena yini owanikeza u-Erdogan ukukhanya okuluhlaza ukuze aqalise ukuhlasela esifundeni saseKurdish semi-autonomous eSiriya?
ITurkey yayisivele yahlasela futhi yathatha izifunda ezilawulwa amaKurdish enyakatho yeSyria, yabulala amakhulu futhi yaxosha amakhulu ezinkulungwane, ngamacala athembekile obugebengu bempi. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kukaTrump kwakuwukwelula ukusebenza [ngenhloso] okusolwayo yokuqeda usongo lwamaphekula, empeleni ukuze kuqedwe impumelelo ethembisayo yezenhlalo nezombusazwe eRojava eholwa amaKurdish ngodlame nokwesaba, ukuhlanzwa kohlanga, kanye ukulungisa kabusha isifunda ngamaSyria akhethwa yiTurkey.
Mayelana namacala empi, kuhle ukukhumbula amazwi ashukumisayo kaJustice Robert Jackson, umshushisi omkhulu wase-United States eNuremberg Tribunal lapho kwahlulelwa khona izigebengu zempi zamaNazi futhi zalengiswa: “Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi irekhodi esahlulela kulo laba bamangalelwa namuhla elokuthi irekhodi ukuthi yimuphi umlando ozosahlulela kusasa. Ukudlulisa laba bamangalelwa inkomishi enobuthi kuwukuyibeka nasezindebeni zethu. Kufanele sibizele ukuhlakazeka kanye nobuqotho bobuhlakani emsebenzini wethu kangangokuthi leli cala lizozincoma ezizukulwaneni ezizayo njengokufeza izifiso zabantu zokwenza ubulungiswa.”
Uma sibuza ukuthi la mazwi alalelwe kanjani kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, siyazi ukuthi umlando kufanele usahlulele kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngesijeziso ngamacala empi-ngisho namacala acacile obudlova ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, "ubugebengu obuphakeme emhlabeni jikelele" baseNuremberg. ukwahlulela: ukuhlasela kwe-US-UK e-Iraq ngo-2003, ukuthatha isibonelo sencwadi yokufunda.
Ukuqhubeka nesahlulelo saseNuremberg, singase sikhumbule ukuthi "ukuqala impi yobudlova," njengokuhlasela kwe-Iraq, "akuwona nje ubugebengu bamazwe ngamazwe; ubugebengu obuphakeme bomhlaba wonke obuhluke kuphela kwamanye amacala empi ngoba buqukethe ububi obunqwabelene babo bonke.” Kufakwe ebubini obunqwabelene bonke ukuqashwa kwamasosha anjengo-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, owajoyina ukumelana nokuhlasela futhi, ngemuva kwemfundo e-Abu Ghraib, waqhubeka nokuhola ibhizinisi lobugebengu i-ISIS, ekugcineni wabulawa endaweni. Amasosha akhethekile ase-US asebenza ngo-Okthoba 27.
Uma siqhubekela phambili, ingabe amaDemocrat angase ahlomule ekubekeni uTrump icala, noma ingabe ukugembula ukwenza kanjalo kuzobonakala kuyizindleko ezinkulu kuwo?
Okwami ukuqagela ukuthi kuzofana nophenyo lukaMueller. UTrump uzokwehliswa icala yiNdlu, bese ephuma engenacala eSenate, lapho ambalwa amaRiphabhlikhi okungenzeka abekwe imithetho eyanele ukubhekana neqembu likaTrump elihloniphayo nelinodlame lokuvota. Khona-ke uTrump angamemezela ukunqoba kwe-Tribune of the People, [ethi] usephinde wavikela abantu baseMelika “bangempela” abanegazi elibomvu emaqhingeni e-Deep State kanye nakuma-liberal elite angamaqili.
Amamodeli ezomnotho abikezela ukuthi uma kungashintshi lutho maqondana nesiqondiso somnotho, uTrump uzowina ngo-2020 ngenani elikhulu nakakhulu. Ingabe lokhu kuyintuthuko emangalisayo, uma kubhekwa zonke izinxushunxushu ezizungeze isikhundla sikamongameli uTrump?
Lawa mamodeli asekelwe kakhulu emibonweni yomphakathi mayelana nezimo zezomnotho zamanje. Lokhu akukhathaleli iqiniso lokuthi umnotho kaTrump uqhubekisela phambili ukusimama kancane kuka-Obama kusukela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho, manje ngenani langempela lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-7 namaholo angempela amile kanye nezinzuzo ezinciphayo—kanye nokunothiswa okumangalisayo komkhakha omncane ukuya ezweni. iphuzu lapho ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 omcebo wezwe usezandleni zamaphesenti angu-0.1 wabantu kuyilapho ingxenye yabantu inenani elibi.
“Amaphesenti angu-20 omcebo wezwe usezandleni zamaphesenti angu-0.1 abantu kuyilapho ingxenye yabantu inenzuzo engemihle.” Isithombe ngu-arindambanerjee/Shutterstock.com
Esikhathini esidlule, lawa mamodeli aye anembile, nakuba kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isibikezelo esihle kakhulu sokufaneleka, ngokuphawulekayo kuCongress, imali yomkhankaso, njengoba uThomas Ferguson ebonisile, futhi emsebenzini wamanje. Kodwa asikho ezikhathini ezijwayelekile. I-Republican "i-radical insurgency," njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo eminyakeni embalwa edlule nguThomas Mann noNorman Ornstein we-American Enterprise Institute, iye yahamba kude nemizila yendabuko ngaphansi kukaTrump, ibukela phansi intando yeningi futhi ibeka usongo olumangalisayo ekuphikeleni kwempilo yomuntu ehleliwe. emhlabeni—esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kakhulu. Ukuthi izici ezinjalo zizongena kanjani okhethweni akulula ukusho, nakuba ngeshwa kungenzima ukubikezela imiphumela yeminyaka emine eyengeziwe yeTrumpism.
I-Publication of Origin yalesi sihloko ithi Truthout.
