Manje sekuyinyanga yayo yesishiyagalombili, i-
Isiteleka se-International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA) Local 1814’s
ngokumelene nendawo yokuhluza iDomino Sugar engxenyeni yaseWilliamsburg eBrooklyn
iyisibonelo esihle salokho abasebenzi abangakulindela emhlabeni omusha onesibindi wembulunga yonke
capitalism-futhi mhlawumbe ukukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zobumbano ezizodingeka
ukunqoba.
Isitha yi-British conglomerate Tate kanye noLyle, PLC., i-international international
isiqhwaga sikashukela esinabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-22,000 sisabalele emazweni angaphezu kwama-50.
UTate noLyle bathola iDomino Sugar ngo-1988.
U-Tate no-Lyle bathola isithunzi esibi sokulwa nabasebenzi kuleli zwe ngo
okunye okwatholakala ngo-1988: I-A.E. Staley Manufacturing, iphrosesa yommbila
e-Decatur, e-Illinois. Lapho inkontileka kaStaley ne-Allied Industrial
I-Workers (AIW) 837 iphelelwe yisikhathi, u-Tate noLyle bafuna uchungechunge lwezimvume
ukwenqatshwa kwamalungelo abantu abadala, ukusungula amashifu ajikelezayo amahora ayi-12 embonini,
kanye nokunciphisa inqubo yokukhalaza ibe yinhlese. Baphinde bafuna i-unlimited
ilungelo lokukhipha imisebenzi yezinyunyana kosonkontileka abangekho emthethweni.
Abasebenzi bakwaStaley baphendule ngokucasuka. Baqale benqaba ukwamukela
izimfuno zenkampani futhi yamukela umkhankaso "wokubusa-ukubusa".
esitshalweni—kulandela imithetho nemiyalelo yokuphatha ngendlela engokoqobo
mayelana nokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa. Inkampani yaphendula ngoJuni 1993 nge
ukukhiya ngaphandle kwabasebenzi be-AIW.
Ukuvalwa ngesihluku kwathatha iminyaka emibili futhi kwadala umzamo wobumbano wabasebenzi
eyafinyelela kulo lonke elase-U.S. nangale kwayo. UJoe Dwyer weTeamsters, ke
umongameli weTate and Lyle World Union Council, waphawula ukuthi “I
kholelwa ukuthi okwenziwa uTate noLyle e-Decatur, e-Illinois yikona okuhamba phambili
onqenqemeni lokuhlaselwa zonke izinyunyana zikaTate noLyle ezizobhekana nazo. Uma uTate noLyle
iyaphumelela eDecatur, izosenza sibe buthaka sonke.”
Kodwa ekupheleni kuka-1995, izisebenzi zaseDecatur ezazikhathele kakhulu, ezihlukene phakathi
ivoti, yamukele imigomo yenkampani. Inyunyana yakhubazeka ngempumelelo.
Ukubhekwa kukaDwyer kuzohlolwa.
Ithagethi: eBrooklyn
Izinyunyana zabasebenzi ezimele uTate kanye
Abasebenzi baseLyle baxhumene kahle kakhulu, kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
Ezingeni lomhlaba wonke abasebenzi ezinkampanini ezingaphansi kuka-Tate noLyle e-U.S
baxhunyaniswe nabafowabo nodadewabo baphesheya ngobulungu babo abahlanganyelwe
e-Geneva-based International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant,
Catering, Tobacco, and Allied Workers’ Unions (IUF). Umfelandawonye uyasiza
ukubambisana phakathi kwezinyunyana ezingamalungu ayo ezimbonini zokudla nezokungenisa izihambi
ezizweni ezingu-119. Izinyunyana ezingamalungu e-IUF zimele abasebenzi ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ihlelwe ngaphansi kwe-IUF ezingeni lesifunda i-Tate ne-Lyle North
I-American Workers Council. UMkhandlu uhlanganisa abantu bendawo abamele uTate kanye
Abasebenzi bakwaLyle abathathwe kwiPACE (Iphepha, I-Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy
Abasebenzi, i-AIW eyangena ngayo ngochungechunge lokuhlanganisa), i-UFCW (United
Abasebenzi Bokudla Nezohwebo), Ama-Teamsters, kanye ne-ILA.
Ngo-1998, u-Tate noLyle bahlanganisa i-sugarholding yabo yaseNyakatho Melika (i-Domino,
I-Western Sugar, ne-Redpath yaseCanada) ngaphansi kwefemu eyodwa, i-Decatur-based
UTate noLyle North American Sugars (TLNAS).
Izinyathelo ezinolaka ezimelene nezinyunyana ezingamalungu zigqugquzele umhlangano ophuthumayo we
Tate noLyle North American Workers Council eNew York ngoMeyi 1999
amalungu akholelwa ukuthi inkampani izama ukulinganisa izingxoxo zayo
izivumelwano ngokubeka phansi izimo kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-Tate ne-Lyle. I
Indawo yokucwenga yaseBrooklyn Domino ibonakala iyimpokophelo elandelayo kaTate noLyle
ithuba.
Indawo yokucwenga yaseBrooklyn yayiyindawo ekahle ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, phakathi kwe
I-Domino refineries, inkontileka yayo iphelelwe yisikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Amalungu e-ILA ayesevele esevele
besebenza ngaphandle kwenkontileka kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1988.
ukumelana lapho kungavula indlela yemvume evela kwenye i-Domino
izindawo.
Okwesibili, indawo yokuhluza yayihlela ushintsho olukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba i
phambilini indawo yokuhluza yayiletha umoba ongahluziwe, futhi wawuncibilikisa ngaphambili
ukuyicwenga ukuze idliwe, manje inkampani isihlele ukuyithumela nge-liquefied
umkhiqizo ovela endaweni yabo yokucwenga yaseBaltimore. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kuzoqeda inqwaba
yemisebenzi kunoma yisiphi isenzakalo, futhi anikeze inkampani izaba zojenene
ukuxoxisana kabusha kwezimo nezinqubo endaweni yokucwenga.
Inkampani inikeze abasebenzi be-Domino isethi yezimfuno ezijwayelekile. “Kunjalo
inkontileka ebhidliza inyunyana efana naleyo abayenza eStaley, icishe ifane,”
kusho uJoe Crimi, iphini likamongameli we-ILA 1814 omele abasebenzi baseDomino.
Konke kwakukhona, kufana nephakheji lika-Staley. Ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi okungenamkhawulo.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwemisebenzi. Ukwephulwa kwesistimu yabantu abadala. Amashifu ajikelezayo,
yakhelwe ukugcina ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kuyilapho isusa inkokhelo yesikhathi esengeziwe.
Hamstrung shop steers.Njengoba uCrimi, owayengumqhubi we-forklift endaweni yokucwenga, aphawula, “Lapho
akuyona indlela yokwamukela lokho le nkampani ekucelayo, ngoba konke abakwenzayo
bacela ukuthi izoqeda inyunyana. Bekungaba yinyunyana nje ngegama.”UTate noLyle abazange baxoxisane; UTate noLyle bakhiphe izimfuno. Ngokuba phezu
izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili inkampani yenqaba noma yikuphi ukukhombisa abasebenzi bayo kulokhu
izindaba ezibalulekile.Abasebenzi bakwaDomino bacasulwe isimo sengqondo senkampani. Ivoti ku
isiteleka savumelana ngazwi linye. I-ILA yaphuma ngoJuni 15, 1999.Izenzo Ezixakile
Izisebenzi endaweni yokucwenga iDomino zazizwa
ethukwa futhi ekhashelwa. Nakuba indawo yokuhluza yayinomlando wezingxabano zabasebenzi,
eminyakeni yakamuva amalungu e-ILA afinyelele kubaphathi, ngomzamo
ukwakha isimo esingesihle kangako. Ngaphambi kwezinkinga zamanje, abasebenzi
kubika, inyunyana ibingakaze ilandele isikhalazo ekuxazululeni izinkinga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi babephishekele umzamo omkhulu wokubambisana ne
ukuphatha ukuthola isitifiketi se-ISO (International Standards Organisation)
okwenza i-Domino ikwazi ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yayo ezimakethe ezintsha. Ekuhambeni kwalokho
abaphathi bokubambisana baqoqe inqwaba yolwazi ngabasebenzi
imisebenzi yemisebenzi-ulwazi abasebenzi bakholelwa ukuthi inkampani ilusebenzisile ekuhleleni kwayo
ukuhlela kabusha nokuqeda imisebenzi. "Senze iDomino ukuthi iyini,"
kusho osebenza emshinini uCarrieann Daniels, 47, osemakelwe umsebenzi wakhe
ukususwa yinkampani.“Akusona isiteleka somnotho lesi. Lesi yisiteleka ngenxa yokuphepha komsebenzi.
Leli ikusasa lethu,” kuphikisa uCharlie Milan, 59, umakhenikha wokupakisha.Ukuvikeleka kwamathuba omsebenzi yinkinga enkulu yabatelekile, indaba ehambisanayo
izinto ezikhathazayo njengokukhishwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokuhlaselwa kwabantu abadala. Nakuba kwezobuchwepheshe
izinguquko azikwazi ukuvinjelwa, inkampani isivele imemezele okuhleliwe
ukuqedwa kwenqwaba yemisebenzi engahlobene nezinguquko zokukhiqiza.Isidingo senkampani sokuqeda iziqinisekiso zamahora angama-40 omsebenzi ngamunye
Isonto liyiphuzu elibuhlungu ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi baseDomino. “Ngineminyaka engu-36
emsebenzini futhi bafuna ukungenza umsebenzi wetoho,” kusho uMilan.Ezinye izimfuno, ezingabucayi kangako ngokwezomnotho, zengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni. Esitshalweni
ngenani elikhulu lomakadebona, inkampani ifune ukuqedwa
yoSuku Lomakadebona njengeholide elikhokhelwayo. Izidingo ezinjengalezi zikhumbuza abasebenzi ukuthi
basebenzela umuntu wangaphandle—kulokhu, iBrithani—izizwe eziningi.Isiteleka
Abasebenzi baseDomino babengenaso isikhwama sesiteleka,
ukuzimisela okumunyu kuphela ukuthembela kukho. Impendulo ibe yinhle kakhulu: inyunyana
kanye nemithombo yenkampani yomibili iqinisekisa ukuthi kuze kube manje, alikho nelilodwa ilungu le-ILA elinalo
weqe umugqa wepiki.Ingxenye yalolo bumbano ingabangelwa yi-ham-hand yenkampani
iminyakazo yokuqala. Akukhona nje ukuthi u-Tate no-Lyle abazange benze zimpawu zokubuyisana
izimfuno zabasebenzi, kodwa futhi bathumela iphakethe lolwazi
ekhaya lesisebenzi ngasinye sibamema ukuba beqe ulayini wokupiketha futhi bayale
ukuthi bangaqala kanjani ukuqulwa kwamacala ukuze baqinisekise inyunyana.Kodwa ukuzimisela akwanele ukubhekana nezizwe eziningi ezinjengoTate
kanye noLyle. U-Tate no-Lyle bazamile ukuqhubeka nokusebenza endaweni okucwengisiswa kuyo
ukuthembela kubantu abaphambili, abaphathi, kanye nabasebenzi basehhovisi. Ukukhiqiza
yehle kakhulu—abashayi balinganisela kumazinga angaphambi kwesiteleka angamaphesenti angu-10.Inkampani isalokhu idelela futhi isimemezele izinhlelo zokwehliswa okukhulu kwemisebenzi
njengengxenye yanoma yisiphi isinxephezelo sesiteleka. “Sifunde indlela yokugijima
imboni engekho amalungu enyunyana, yaqinisa imithetho nezinqubo zokusebenza,”
kusho okhulumela inkampani uMargaret Blamberg.UBlamberg uthe izidingo zenkampani zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle ziyadingeka
lapho ebhekene nezingcindezi zomhlaba wonke mayelana nenzuzo yemboni kashukela, kodwa wenqaba
ukusho ukuthi indawo yokucwenga yaseBrooklyn ibe nenzuzo noma cha ngaphambi kwe
isiteleka.Lezi zinsongo ezikhulayo ekuvikelekeni kwemisebenzi zibukwa ngendlela enyantisayo
umugqa. Iningi lezisebenzi lineminyaka ephakathi futhi linemikhaya okufanele liyondle; abambalwa
banethemba lokuqala imisebenzi emisha.Ulayini wepiki uvakashelwe yinhlekelele ngenxa yalokho. Ngo-December 15, eBrooklyn
Isisebenzi sikaDomino uJohn Alschen, 62, ugoduke ephuma kulayini wepikiniki wazibophezela
ukuzibulala. Indodana ka-Alschen itshele iNew York Daily News ukuthi uyise
esaba ukuthi ngeke awuthole omunye umsebenzi uma edilizwa kule minyaka.Global Solidarity
Ngenxa yokumelana nenkani kwenkampani,
abasebenzi be-Domino bafinyelele izindlela ezintsha zobumbano kusuka
ukusebenza kwenye indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuleli noma emazweni omhlaba.Njengoba izinzuzo zokungasebenzi ziyaphela, i-Central Labor Rehabilitation Council
(CLRC), isikhungo sezenhlalakahle soMkhandlu Wezabasebenzi Ophakathi KwaseNew York, siyanyathela
iphakamise ukweseka kwayo abagadli.Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nokwelulekwa ngengcindezi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa,
kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimali, i-CLRC icela iminikelo yesiteleka
imali evela kumalungu e-CLC asendaweni. Izimali zizosetshenziswa ukusiza abatelekile ababhekene nokuxoshwa
noma izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.“Ukweseka kwethu izisebenzi zeDomino kulandelwa umzamo wethu wokwenza umsebenzi
edlule, isekela i Daily News abagadli,” kusho uHoward Van Jones
we-CLRC, kubhekiselwa esitelekeni esalwelwa kanzima futhi esasakazwa kakhulu ngo-1990.
“Lokhu kukhulu; ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu bokugcina eBrooklyn. "Isikhathi esithile ngoFebhuwari, inkampani yaba ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe. Kwacasula
ukuhamba ngoFebhuwari 7 endaweni yayo yokucwenga iChalmette, eLouisiana, ngokunikela
abasebenzi lapho inguqulo embozwe kancane yendawo yokuhlala yaseBrooklyn. “Thatha
futhi uLyle waphula u-Staley futhi manje bazama ukukwenza eBrooklyn futhi
Chalmette,” kusho uBruce D’Antoni, umongameli we-UFCW 1101, omele
abasebenzi beChalmette. Kodwa emasontweni amabili kamuva izisebenzi ezingu-220 zaphela
isiteleka, ikakhulukazi ngokwemibandela yenkampani.Nge-IUF, lokho uTate noLyle abakwenzayo ezindaweni zabo zokuhluza zase-U.S
kuxhunyanwe nabasebenzi bezinyunyana emhlabeni jikelele. Izinyunyana ezimele uTate kanye
Abasebenzi bakwaLyle abasuka eMexico baya eBrithani baya e-Australia bahlasele inkampani
Indlunkulu yaseLondon enezimfuno zokuthi uTate noLyle bavumelane nezidingo zabo
Abasebenzi baseBrooklyn. Ibhodi lezaziso ze-trailer yepiki liqukethe izinhlamvu zokusekela
kusukela ezinyunyaneni ezikude njengaseJapan naseCzech Republic.Abasebenzi be-ILA 1814 babona eyabo njengengxenye nengxenye yomzabalazo wembulunga yonke.
“Okumele zikwenze izinyunyana wukufunda ukuhlangana zilwe nalaba
izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe njengenye. Kufanele silwe nabo yonke indawo emhlabeni,”
kusho uBill Doscher, 46, ohlola i-forklift evela endaweni yokuhluza.“Uma sigoqa, futhi le nkampani ingathola lokhu ekufunayo kithi, izokwazi
i-snowball, nayo yonke enye inyunyana izothola into efanayo. Uma uTate noLyle
thola indlela yabo, abaphakathi bazohamba ngendlela ye-dinosaur.” ZUClayton Sinyai uyisishoshovu sezabasebenzi kanye nekhandidethi le-PhD egxile kulo
ubudlelwano phakathi kwenhlangano yabasebenzi kanye nentando yeningi yase-Amercian.
