Ukunqoba kwama-3 kuya ku-1 kwe-United Automobile Workers okhethweni Lwebhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwano Embonini yakwaVolkswagen eChattanooga ngoLwesihlanu olwedlule kube yizindaba ezinkulu kwezabasebenzi. Ngokokuqala ngqá emashumini eminyaka, kuhlelwe imboni yezimoto i-Deep South, nabasebenzi abakhiqizayo abangaphezu kuka-4,200 maduzane abazohlanganiswa nesivumelwano sokuxoxisana.
Kodwa impumelelo e-Chattanooga, ekuzameni kwesithathu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kungenzeka ukuthi ayizange ibe khona ngaphandle kwethonya elikhulayo lenhlangano ezinze eBrooklyn/Detroit ebizwa ngokuthi Amanothi Ezabasebenzi. Njengoba izindaba zizwakala enyakatho zokuthi i-UAW isigcine iwinile, izishoshovu zezabasebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-4,700 zazihlangene engqungqutheleni Yamanothi Ezabasebenzi ehhotela lesikhumulo sezindiza eduze kwaseChicago. Lezi zindaba zazihlaba umxhwele, kodwa babengekho ukuze nje bajabule.
I-Labour Notes iwumagazini wanyanga zonke kanye nenhlangano eshicilela izincwadi namapheshana futhi ibambe izingqungquthela nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ifuna “ukubuyisela umnyakazo emuva embuthweni wabasebenzi.” Yasungulwa ngo-1979 ama-radicals AseNew Left agxile ku-Trotskyist okwathi ngemva kweminyaka engu-'60 "iphendukela esigabeni sabasebenzi" yakhipha abaningi ekilasini futhi yabayisa emafekthri, izigayo, kanye nezinqolobane zamaloli eMelika Ephakathi.
Iqembu laqala ukubamba izingqungquthela zeminyaka emibili ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kwezinyunyana kanye nokuxoxisana ngezivumelwano zemvumelwano, le mihlangano yanikeza indawo yokukhosela, ubudlelwano, kanye nesilinganiso esithile sogqozi kumavukelambuso ahlakazekile nabaphikisi ababesatholakala ezinyunyaneni eziningi. Amanothi Ezabasebenzi alwe nombono wokuthi inkathi entsha yokubambisana nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi yayiyindlela ebheke ekuvuselelweni kwezimboni nokuphila kwezinyunyana, kodwa izisebenzi zayo kanye nabasekeli bayo abazange bamane babe yimibono nje. Amanothi Ezabasebenzi ashicilele amakholomu futhi akhipha izincwadi ezikhuluma ngokuphathwa kwezikhalazo, ukusebenzelana kwabasebenzi, ukugqugquzela iziteleka, ukungenela izikhundla, kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ezibhekene nezinyunyana nabahleli ezikhathini ezinzima. Enye yeziphumelele kakhulu kwaba Incwadi Yokulungisa Izinkinga, eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1991 futhi yabuyekezwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Bekugcwele amaqhinga, amasu, nezibonelo zokuthi izinyunyana zakhiwa kanjani nokuthi zihlala ziqinile. Ezingqungqutheleni zayo, Amanothi Ezabasebenzi agubha abahlukumezi benhlangano kanye nezidlamlilo eziphumelelayo, kodwa mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, yayisingatha amaphaneli lapho izikhulumi zinikeza khona izixazululo ezisebenzayo, ezisekelwe phansi ezaziswa umbono wenyunyana yokwakha ukunyakaza.
Phakathi kwamaphaneli nama-workshops angama-300-plus emhlanganweni we-Labour Notes ka-2024 kwakukhona lawo anesihloko esithi “Ukunquma Inkontileka Yakho,” “Ukuphatha Izikhalazo Eziqinile,” “Izimfihlo Zomhleli Ophumelelayo: Ukushaya Ukunganakwa,” “Ukugijimela Ihhovisi Lenyunyana: Senze Kanjani. ,” “Indlela Yokubona Umkhuba Wabasebenzi Ongalungile Nokufanele Wenze Ngawo,” kanye “Nezifundo Eziphuma Emkhankasweni Wenkontileka Ye-UPS.” Lezi zindaba azijwayelekile neze enhlanganweni emikhulu yezinyunyana, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zabasebenzi zineminyango yazo yezemfundo eqhuba imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi nokuqeqesha. Kodwa i-cross-pollination kanye nenethiwekhi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi Amanothi Abasebenzi okuhlangenwe nakho kunikeza lezi zikhathi zezinkulumo ze-prosaic injabulo ephilayo futhi ewusizo ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kwengqungquthela yangesonto eledlule, uHannah Allison-Natale, umgqugquzeli wabasebenzi bakahulumeni abahola kancane eKansas, wacela izimali: “Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngaya engqungqutheleni yeLabour Notes ngingedwa futhi ngabona ukuthi kungaba mehluko omkhulu kangakanani. ngenze ukuhlela kwethu uma engisebenza nabo bengeza. Kulo nyaka sizama ukuletha abasebenzi abayisishiyagalombili ku-Labour Notes … Ungakwazi ukungena ukuze usisize sifinyelele umgomo wethu ka-$6,000?”
Lowo kwakungewona umbono ka-Allison-Natale yedwa. Ingqungquthela, kusho uDan DiMaggio, umhleli weLabour Notes, inikeza izinyunyana ithuba “lokubona ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi inhlangano yabasebenzi yangempela ingayenza,” kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza indawo ephephile, engathathi hlangothi lapho kungeke kubanjwe amavoti noma inkulumo-mpikiswano. ngokhetho lwezikhulu zenyunyana noma ekuphasisweni kwezinqumo. Kwakukhona inqwaba yamaphaneli nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi lapho izinyunyana ezinezintshisakalo noma imisebenzi efanayo—kusukela enkonzweni yokudla ziye kwezohwebo zokwakha futhi kusukela kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuye kwabezindaba zezihlahla ezifile—bengashintshana ngemibono futhi baxhumane. Yindawo “yokuqeqeshwa nogqozi,” kusho uDiMaggio.
Iqoqo elikhulayo labaholi bezinyunyana liyavumelana. Amalungu ezinhlangano ezinozalo olungakwesokunxele noma ukunyakaza kwezinguquko zangaphakathi, okuhlanganisa i-United Electrical Workers, i-International Longshore kanye ne-Warehouse Union, kanye nochungechunge lwezinguquko ku-UAW, kanye ne-Teamsters for a Democratic Union, kade baba khona. kuma-Labour Notes. Kulo nyaka, i-UAW's Unite All Workers for Democracy, ikhokhasi ebhekelele kakhulu ukukhetha ubuholi bale nyunyana, ibonakale kakhulu engqungqutheleni. (Nesazi-mlando u-Toni Gilpin, ngangiseqenjini lezishoshovu ze-UAWD libuyekeza futhi lihlola kabusha ubuholi kanye nefa likamongameli we-UAW wesikhathi eside u-Walter Reuther.)
Kodwa abaphikisana nezinyunyana abasewona umthombo omkhulu wokuhambela ama-Labour Notes. Kusukela eminyakeni yangemva Kokuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho, izinyunyana eziningi ezibalulekile zaqala ukuxhasa izithunywa ezikhulayo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuba nobuholi obunodlame noma ukubhekana nempi yenkontileka eyayisondela. Ngakho, i-NewsGuild, ingxenye ye-Communications Workers of America, ithumele amalungu angaphezu kwekhulu engqungqutheleni yangesonto eledlule; i-Association of Professional Flight Attendants, eyayilungiselela ukulwa ngezinkontileka kanye nesiteleka esingase sibe khona e-American Airlines, ixhase amalungu angu-100, kuyilapho ezinye izinyunyana zezindiza zathumela amanye angu-90. Kwakukhona okungenani amalungu angu-60 e-UAW lapho, amaningi avela ezinhlwini ezisanda kunwetshwa zezemfundo. abasebenzi, ikakhulukazi abavela oGwini oluseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Kwakukhona inqwaba yothisha abavela eMassachusetts, lapho abangaphansi kweNational Education Association benze uchungechunge lweziteleka ezingekho emthethweni, kanye nabafundi abangaphansi kuka-200 baseNyuvesi yase-Oregon bahlela inyunyana lapho. Ikhokhasi yezisebenzi zikaloliwe ezihlangene, ehlanganisa izinyunyana zabasebenzi bakwaloliwe, ekhuthazwe yisiteleka se-UAW sango-25 kanye nokumiswa kukaMongameli uBiden isiteleka sikaloliwe sango-2023, yaba khona kakhulu engqungqutheleni. I-International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, inyunyana engaziwa isikhathi eside esidlule, ithumele okungenani amalungu angama-2022, kanye ne-65 ye-International Association of Machinists District 30,000, ebhekene nempi yokuqala yenkontileka ye-Boeing eminyakeni eyishumi, umongameli kanye nabanye abambalwa. Kwakukhona abasebenzi base-Amazon abayi-751 futhi okungenani abangama-100 abavela kwa-Starbucks.
Konke lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izingqungquthela ze-Labour Notes, ezisuke zihlangana cishe inkulungwane njalo eminyakeni emibili, manje sezigqama. I-DiMaggio ibika ukuthi ngemva kokuvulwa kokubhaliswa kwengqungquthela, i-2,000 yaphela ohlwini lokulinda phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukube i-Labour Notes ibizibandakanya nendawo enkulu nakakhulu, ulinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi bebengaba khona.
UMongameli we-UAW u-Shawn Fain wayeyisihlabani somculo wengqungquthela, kodwa futhi engumqinisekisi wezimiso ze-Labour Notes. Ngemva kokugubha e-Chattanooga ukunqoba kwenyunyana kwe-VW, u-Fain wandizela e-Chicago lapho ahlangana khona nezinye izikhulu ze-UAW nabasebenzi esidlweni sakusihlwa sokuqongelela imali se-Labour Notes futhi kamuva wabamba iqhaza emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi wangeSonto ekuseni, othi, “Back in the Fight: A New Day for Labor. ” Enkulumweni yakhe yosuku esiphethweni sengqungquthela, lapho abangaphezu kuka-4,000 basala bejabulela inkulumo yomzabalazo wekilasi lakhe, uFain watshela izihlwele ngokuncika kwakhe eBhayibhelini, kodwa wabe esethi, “Njengesishoshovu senyunyana encane nginelinye iBhayibheli, le ncwadi khona lapha, ebizwa ngokuthi A I-Troublemaker's Handbook, kusukela ku-Labour Notes. Leli kwakuyibhayibheli lami futhi langifundisa ukuthi ngingalwa kanjani nomphathi. Leli Bhayibheli langifundisa olunye uhlobo lokholo. Kungifundise ukukholwa ebulungwini, kwangifundisa ukukholwa esigabeni sabasebenzi. Futhi yilolo kholo olwayisa i-UAW esahlukweni sethu esisha emlandweni.”
Ukugunyaza impela, kodwa Amanothi Ezabasebenzi akakawutholi ukhiye omkhulu wamandla enyunyana nokuvuselela. Ukungabikhona okuphawulekayo ezingqungqutheleni nasezingxoxweni zeLabour Notes kwakunezingxoxo ngepolitiki yokhetho. Ngempela, okuwukuphela kwakhe usopolitiki owakhuluma engqungqutheleni kwakunguMeya waseChicago uBrandon Johnson, inkulumo yakhe emfushane yagcizelela kakhulu izimpande zakhe ku-Chicago Teachers Union, ubuholi bayo bezinguquko bubonakale kaningi ezingqungqutheleni zeLabour Notes. Akukho okwashiwo mayelana nokhetho lwalolu lwangoLwezi noma ngamathemba okubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi okunamandla kwezombusazwe nokuphatha, isihloko ebesingekho cishe kuzo zonke izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi nezinkulumo ebengizihambele—ngaphandle kwaleyo ebibizwe abameli bezemisebenzi, abebesaba kakhulu. ibhodi leNational Labour Relations Board elilawulwa nguTrump.
Esinye sezizathu zalokhu kuthula ukuthi uMongameli Biden, yize ethi ungumongameli osekela inyunyana emlandweni, uvuselela isasasa elincane. Kodwa ukuthula futhi kuwumkhiqizo womlando wamanothi Ezabasebenzi: Abasunguli bawo kanye nabaningi esizukulwaneni ngasinye esilandelanayo sabahleli kudala bethanda ukwakhiwa kweqembu labasebenzi. Leyo gambi ibonakala ingeke ifinyeleleke namuhla, kodwa isengavusa impikiswano ehlukanisayo kanye noqhekeko lwamahlelo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, ukuthambekela kwezinyunyana eziningi kangaka zokuziphendulela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili zibe izithasiselo zokungqongqoza umnyango zeDemocratic Party kuthinte izinhlaka eziningi zeLabour Notes njengokuketula umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu: ukuhlela nokuhlanganisa abasebenzi ngokumelene nomphathi.
Ukwanda kwabasebenzi kwangowezi-2023 okugujwa emhlanganweni wamanothi eLabour, nokho, bekungewona nje umkhiqizo wesiyaluyalu nokuhleleka okuvela ngezansi. Kusukela enkathini Yokuwohloka Okukhulu Kokuwohloka Kwezomnotho lapho iNhlangano Yezinhlangano Zezimboni igqashuka kuzwelonke, inhlangano yezabasebenzi ibilokhu iwuhlelo lwezepolitiki oluyimpumelelo encike eqoqweni lemibono nezikhungo, ezizenzele zona kanye nezikahulumeni, ukuze zinikeze abasebenzi. dala amandla nokuba semthethweni. Ukubuya kwenhlangano yezinyunyana eminyakeni yamuva bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuba khona kweqoqo lezinhlelo zezombusazwe ezidale kokubili ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi eliqondiswa uhulumeni. Futhi lokho kuyisiqalo nje ekudaleni isimo sezomnotho kanye nesemibono esingasusa amandla emalini awayise emisebenzini. Ngakho-ke, impi yezimboni ibalulekile, kodwa akwenele neze emhlabeni omusha ocatshangwa yilabo abazothamela izingqungquthela zeLabour Notes esikhathini esizayo.
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