Ngo-1988, umhlaziyi wezincwadi zesiNgisi kanye nombhali wezincwadi, u-DJ Taylor wabhala ucezu olusha olunesihloko esithi 'When the Pen Sleeps'. Wakunweba lokhu waba encwadini ethi 'A Vain Conceit', lapho ayezibuza khona ukuthi kungani inoveli yesiNgisi ivame ukuthunazwa yaba 'yi-drawing room twitter' nokuthi kungani ababhali bangaleso sikhathi babegwenywa, ngokungafani nabalingani babo, bathi, isiLatini. IMelika, eyazizwa inesibopho sokuthatha ipolitiki: izindikimba ezinkulu zobulungiswa nokungabi nabulungisa, ingcebo nobumpofu, impi nokuthula. Umbono womlobi osebenza yedwa omangalisayo wawungenangqondo. Wabuza, ukuthi babekuphi oGeorge Orwell, abakwa-Upton Sinclair, oJohn Steinbecks benkathi yanamuhla?
Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kuqhubeke, u-Taylor wayebuza umbuzo ofanayo: wayekuphi u-Gore Vidal wamaNgisi no-John Gregory Dunne: 'abantu abakhulu abahlakaniphile abanamandla amakhulu enkundleni yezombangazwe, kuyilapho sigcina ngo-Lord [Jeffrey] Archer…'
Emazweni okubhala angemva kwesimanje, osaziwayo, imiklomelo inikezwa labo abaqhudelana ngezintambo zombusi; ukonakala kwezepolitiki akufanele kusebenze. UJohn Keanes, usihlalo we-Orwell Prize for Political Writing, wake wavikela ukungabibikho kwababhali bezombangazwe besikhathi samanje phakathi kwabawine imiklomelo ka-Orwell hhayi ngokukhala ngeqiniso nokubuza ukuthi kungani, kodwa ngokuhlasela labo ababebhekisela emuva 'kwisikhathi esidlule segolide. '. Ubhale ukuthi labo 'ababheka' ngemuva kwalesi sigameko esidlule esikhohlisayo bayehluleka ukwazisa ababhali abawenza umqondo 'wokubhidlika kwehlukana elidala kwesokunxele nesokudla'.
Yini ukuwa? Ukuhlangana kwamaqembu 'enkululeko' kanye 'ne-conservative' emazweni asentshonalanga yentando yeningi, njenge-American Democrats nama-Republican, kumele umhlangano wezingqondo ezifana kakhulu. Izintatheli zisebenza ngokuzimisela ukukhuthaza ukwehlukana okungamanga phakathi kwamaqembu ajwayelekile kanye nokufiphaza iqiniso lokuthi iBrithani, ngokwesibonelo, manje isiyisifunda sombono owodwa esinamaqembu amabili aphikisanayo, acishe afane asekela amabhizinisi. Ukwehlukana kwangempela phakathi kwesobunxele nesokudla kutholakala ngaphandle kwePhalamende futhi akukaze kube kukhulu. Zikhombisa umehluko ongakaze ubonwe phakathi kobumpofu beningi lesintu namandla nelungelo leqembu elincane lezempi, elikomkhulu eWashington, elifuna ukulawula izinsiza zomhlaba.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza lezi zigelekeqe ezinamandla zibe nokubusa okukhululekile ukuthi izazi ze-Anglo-American intelligensia, ikakhulukazi ababhali, 'abantu abanezwi' njengoba iNkosi Macauley yababiza kanjalo, bathule noma banesandla noma bayahalela noma bayabhala ku-twitter, futhi bacebile ngenxa yalokho. Abantu abacabangayo bayavela ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa isiNgisi sihlala sihlakaniphile ekudambiseni nasekuwamunceni. Labo abamelana nokufananiswa bahlekwa usulu njengezici baze bavumelane nenkolelo-mbono yabo kanye nemibono yayo egunyaziwe.
Okuhlukile ngu-Harold Pinter. Ngolunye usuku, ngahlala phansi ukuze ngihlanganise uhlu lwabanye ababhali ukude njengaye, labo 'abanezwi' nokuqonda izibopho zabo ezibanzi njengababhali. Ngabhala amagama ambalwa, wonke manje ahileleke ekuhlakanipheni kwengqondo nokuziphatha, noma alele. Ikhasi belingenalutho ku-Pinter. Nguye kuphela ongathuli, o-untwitter, onama-guts, okhulumayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uyayiqonda inkinga. Lalela lokhu:
“Sisecwini elibi njengamanje, okuwumgodi wakwalasha, ngoba umcabango wukuthi ipolitiki isiphelile. Yilokho okushiwo inkulumo-ze. Kodwa angiyikholelwa inkulumo-ze. Ngikholwa wukuthi ipolitiki, ukwazi kwethu ipolitiki nobuhlakani bethu kwezepolitiki akukapheli, ngoba uma kunjalo silahlwe ngempela. Angikwazi mina ukuphila kanje. Sekukaningi ngitshelwa ukuthi ngihlala ezweni elikhululekile, ngizokhululeka. Okusho ukuthi ngizogcina ukuzimela kwami kwengqondo nomoya, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi yilokho okuyisibopho kithi sonke. Iningi lezinhlelo zezombangazwe zikhuluma ngolimi olungacacile kangako, futhi kuwumthwalo wethu kanye nomsebenzi wethu njengezakhamuzi zamazwe ethu ahlukahlukene ukwenza izenzo zokuhlolisisa lokho kusetshenziswa kolimi. Yiqiniso, lokho kusho ukuthi umuntu uvame ukungathandwa. Kodwa kubuhlungu lokho.”
Ngaqala ukubonana noHarold lapho esekela uhulumeni okhethwe kakhulu eNicaragua ngawo-1980. Ngake ngabika ngiseNicarugua, futhi ngenza ifilimu mayelana nezinzuzo ezimangalisayo zamaSandinista naphezu kwemizamo kaRonald Regan yokuwachoboza ngokuthumela ngokungemthetho abameli abaqeqeshwe yi-CIA ngaphesheya komngcele besuka eHonduras ukuze banqume uqhoqhoqho lwababelethisi nabanye abantu abamelene nabaseMelika. Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US, yiqiniso, ihlukumeza kakhulu ngaphansi kukaBush: uma izwe lincane, usongo lukhulu. Ngalokho, ngiqonde usongo lwesibonelo esihle kwamanye amazwe amancane angase afune ukuqeda ubumpofu obukhulu babantu bawo ngokwenqaba ukubuswa kweMelika.
Okwangihlaba umxhwele ngokuhileleka kukaHarold kwakuwukuqonda kwakhe leli qiniso, ngokuvamile elingathandeki e-United States naseBrithani, kanye nempendulo eqeqekayo ethi ‘esihogweni ngalokho’ kukho konke ayekusho nakubhala.
Cishe ngesandla esisodwa, kwabonakala, wabuyisela 'i-imperialism' kusichazamazwi sepolitiki. Khumbula ukuthi akekho umhlaziyi ophinde wasebenzisa leli gama; ukukusho endaweni yomphakathi kwakufana nokumemeza ethi 'feza' esigodlweni'. Manje ungamemeza yonke indawo futhi abantu bazovuma ngekhanda isivumelwano sabo; ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq kwabangela ukungabaza, futhi uHarold Pinter wayengomunye wabokuqala abasiqaphelisa. Uchaze kahle, ukuchotshozwa kweNicaragua, ukuvinjwa kweCuba, ukubulawa kwabantu base-Iraq kanye naseYugoslavia njengonya lwama-imperialism.
Ekufanekiseni ubugebengu baseMelika obenziwa eNicaragua, lapho uHulumeni wase-United States echitha isinqumo seNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe sokuthi iyeke ukwephula umthetho ekuhlaseleni kwayo ngokubulala, uPinter wakhumbula ukuthi iWashington yayingavamile ukuwuhlonipha umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe; futhi wayeqinisile. Wabhala, 'Ngo-1965, uMongameli uLyndon Johnson wathi kuNxusa laseGreece e-US, "Fuck iPhalamende lakho kanye nomthethosisekelo wakho. I-American indlovu, iCyprus iyizeze. IGreece iyizeze. Uma laba bantu ababili belokhu beluma indlovu, bangase bamane bashaywe umboko wendlovu, bashaywe kuze kube phakade…” Wayesho lokho. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, amaColonel athatha futhi abantu baseGreece bachitha iminyaka eyisikhombisa esihogweni. Kufanele uyinikeze uJohnson. Ngezinye izikhathi wayekhuluma iqiniso kodwa enonya. URegan uqamba amanga. Incazelo yakhe edumile yeNicuragua ngokuthi “ijele lendlovukazi” yayingamanga avela kuzo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga. Kwakuwukugomela okungasekelwe amaqiniso; lalingenaso isisekelo eqinisweni. ! Kodwa ibinzana elihle elicacile, elizwakalayo eliheha abangacabangi…'
Emdlalweni wakhe othi 'Ashes to Ashes', u-Pinter usebenzisa izithombe zobuNazi kanye nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, kuyilapho ezihumusha njengesexwayiso ngokumelene 'nezenzo zokubulala ezicindezelayo, ezigxekayo nezingenandaba namakhasimende ezifunda ze-impiriyali ezithengisa izikhali njenge-United. States kanye neBrithani. 'Igama elithi intando yeningi liqala ukunuka', esho. Ngakho-ke ku-Ashes to Ashes, angikhulumi nje ngamaNazi; Ngikhuluma ngathi, kanye nombono wethu wesikhathi esidlule nomlando wethu, nokuthi wenzani kithi esikhathini samanje.'
U-Pinter akasho ukuthi imibuso yentando yeningi inobushiqela njengeJalimane lobuNazi, akunjalo, kodwa ukuthi izenzo zobushiqela zithathwa amademokhrasi ahloniphekile futhi okuthi, ngokomthetho nangomphumela, ahluke kancane kulezo ezithathwe ama-fascists. Umehluko kuphela ibanga. Ingxenye yezigidi zabantu zabulawa amabhomu aseMelika athunyelwa ngasese nangokungekho emthethweni esibhakabhakeni esingenhla kweCambodia nguNixon noKissinger, okwaqala ukuqothulwa kwesizwe sase-Asia, okwaqedwa u-Pol Pot.
Abagxeki bayawuzonda umsebenzi wakhe wezombangazwe, ngokuvamile behlasela imidlalo yakhe ngokungenangqondo futhi besekela ukukhuluma kwakhe ngokungagwegwesi. Naye, uye waklolodela ukuklolodela kwabo okuyize. Ungumkhulumeli weqiniso. Ukuqonda kwakhe ulimi lwezepolitiki kulandela u-Orwell. Akanikezi, njengoba ebengasho, mayelana nokufaneleka kolimi, kuphela umuzwa walo wangempela. Ekupheleni kwamakhaza kwakungo-1989, wabhala, '...eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule, umcabango wethu ubuvaleleke ezinhlakeni zolimi eziyize, inkulumo endala, efile kodwa eyimpumelelo enkulu. Lokhu kumele, ngokubona kwami, ukunqotshwa kobuhlakani kanye nentando.”
Akazange akwamukele lokhu, yebo: 'Esihogweni ngalokho!' Ngibonga kakhulu kuye, ukwehlulwa kusekude nesiqiniseko. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenkathi abanye ababhali belele noma bebhala ku-twitter, ubeqaphela ukuthi abantu abakaze bathule, futhi ngempela bayanyakaza futhi: UHarold Pinter unendawo yokuhlonipha phakathi kwabo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela
