Umthombo: Venezuelanalysis.com
UNobhala Okhethekile WeNhlangano Yezizwe mayelana nomthelela omubi wezinyathelo zokuphoqelela uhlangothi olulodwa ekujabuleleni amalungelo abantu uvakashele eVenezuela futhi waqhumisa umbuso wezinswinyo waseWashington.
U-Alena Douhan, owayeseVenezuela kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1-12, wamshicilela okutholakele ekuqaleni NgoLwesihlanu ngemuva kokuhlangana “nenqwaba yabaxoxisana,” okuhlanganisa abavela ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, inqwaba yamaqembu ezombusazwe, izinhlangano ezizimele ezizimele, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, izindawo zokusebenzela amabhizinisi, iBandla kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele. Uzokwethula umbiko wakhe ogcwele emhlanganweni wama-48 woMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN ohlelelwe uSepthemba.
Ekutholweni kokuqala, ummeli waseBelarusian waphetha ngokuthi i-Washington's 2015 isimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke kanye ne-US', EU's kanye nezansi' ezalandela izigwebo umbuso "wephula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe" kanye "nomgomo wokulingana okuzimele kwezifundazwe," kuyilapho futhi uhlanganisa "ukungenelela ezindabeni zasekhaya zaseVenezuela."
UDouhan ugqamise ikakhulukazi umthelela “omubi” wokuvinjwa “kubo bonke abantu baseVenezuela” kanye nasemalungelweni abantu, umnotho kanye nokubhekelela umphakathi, okukuxhumanisa ngqo nokwakamuva. ukufuduka amazinga, ukwanda kobumpofu kanye nezimo zokuphila eziwohlokayo.
Ummeli wamalungelo abantu uphethe umbiko “ngokukhuthaza” ukuthi unswinyo “lubuyekezwe futhi lususwe.”
Izimpahla eziqandisiwe phesheya
Kokutholwe, uchwepheshe ozimele we-UN ukugxekile ukuhamba ku ukumisa impahla yaseVenezuela phesheya, icela i-UK, ohulumeni basePutukezi nabaseMelika “namabhange abo ahambisanayo” ukuba abakhulule futhi benze iCaracas ikwazi ukunakekela “izidingo zabantu bayo.”
U-Douhan wenze inkomba ekhethekile ku- Isimo esiphuthumayo se-Covid-19 kanye nezithiyo ezibhekene nokuvikela izivivinyo, imithi kanye nemigomo.
Amalungelo abantu
Ummeli we-UN uphinde wathi unswinyo lwephula inani elikhulu lamalungelo abantu, okuhlanganisa nelungelo lokusebenza, ukuphepha komphakathi, izinga lokuphila elanele, lokuqulwa kwamacala afanelekile kanye nenkululeko yokuhamba.
"Umlobi okhethekile ukhathazekile ngokuthi unswinyo olubhekiswe kwelinye izwe ngendlela ekhona luphula okungenani izibopho ezivela kumathuluzi asemhlabeni wonke nawesifunda emkhakheni wamalungelo abantu, iningi lawo eliwuphawu," kusho umbiko wakhe.
Ukunakekela impilo
Uchwepheshe weHhovisi le-UN likaKhomishana Omkhulu Wamalungelo Abantu (OHCHR) uqhubekile nokubalula inqwaba yamacala lapho lezi zinyathelo zithinte kabi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.
“Ukungatholakali kwezinsiza, okuhlanganisa nezimpahla eziqandisiwe, zokuthenga imithi yokugoma kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ukuhlela umndeni sekubangele ukubheduka kwesifo sikamalaleveva, isimungumungwane kanye ne-yellow fever kanye nezifo ezingosomathuba,” echaza.
Uveze ikakhulukazi ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okukhulelwa kwentsha kanye nokutheleleka nge-HIV/AIDS ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto zokuvimbela inzalo, kanye “nokuphambukiswa kwempahla ye-PDVSA [ebanjiwe] Inkampani engaphansi kwe-US, i-CITGO, [okuye] kwavimbela ukufakelwa kwesibindi nomnkantsha ezinganeni ezingu-53 zaseVenezuela.”
Imfundo
Umlobi we-UN uphinde wagcizelela ukwehla kwamazinga emfundo kanye nokuhlanganisa okubangelwa "ukungatholakali kwezinsiza zezimali kanye nokungabaza kwezinkampani zangaphandle ukuhweba neVenezuela" kusukela ngo-2015, ebhekisela "ngokungabikho noma ukuntuleka kwempahla yesikole, imifaniswano yesikole nokudla esikoleni. , ebikade ihlinzekwa nguhulumeni”
Ngokufanayo, ugqamise ukumiswa kobuholi obuphethwe nguhulumeni Uhlelo lwekhompyutha lwe-Canaima ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, kanye “nezinkinga zezokuthutha, ukungabikho kukagesi, nokuncipha kokutholakala kwe-inthanethi nomakhalekhukhwini [oku]beka engozini ilungelo lemfundo.”
Ukushoda kwamafutha
Isikhulu se-UN saqhubeka nokugxeka ukuqinisa unswinyo ngokumelene nomkhakha kawoyela, kanye nokukhiqizwa nokuthengwa kukaphethiloli nodizili ikakhulukazi.
“I-Special Reporteur ikhathazekile ngokuthi ukuntuleka kukaphethiloli, ngomphumela wokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokuthutha, kwephula inkululeko yokuhamba, kuvimbela ukufinyelela ezibhedlela, ezikoleni nakwezinye izinsiza zomphakathi, kubhebhethekisa izinselelo ekulethweni nasekusabalaliseni ukudla nempahla yezokwelapha – ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude zezwe,” kufundeka lokho okutholwe nguDouhan. .
“Okubikiwe ukungabi namafutha edizili, ” eqhubeka, “kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekugcinweni kokudla, nengozi yokwandisa ukuntula ukudla kwabantu baseVenezuela […], okwandise izingozi zempilo nezinsongo ekuphileni.”
Umnotho
Ngenkathi siphawula uhla lwezinhlelo zomnotho ezethulwe yiCaracas eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuhlanganisa nokuvula umnotho kuzwelonke. umkhakha wangasese, umlobi wakuphawula lokho unswinyo olufinyelela ububanzi "sikhulise isimo esasikhona ngaphambili sezomnotho nesobuntu."
Wachaza ngokuqondile ukuthi ukuvinjelwa "kuvimbela kanjani ukutholwa kwemali engenayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ukuthuthukisa nokugcina ingqalasizinda kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi, ezinomthelela omubi kubo bonke abantu baseVenezuela, ikakhulukazi labo abampofu kakhulu, abesifazane, izingane, abasebenzi bezokwelapha, abantu abakhubazekile noma izifo ezisongela ukuphila noma ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nabantu bomdabu.”
Uphinde wabhekisela ngokukhethekile ekungakwazini kukahulumeni ukukhokhela amaholo ezinkampani zikahulumeni noma ukugcina izinsiza zomphakathi eziwohlokayo, njengogesi, amanzi, imigwaqo kanye nezokuxhumana.
Izijeziso zesibili
I-rapporteur iphinde ibe nentshiseko ekugxekeni izinsongo zomhlaba wonke, ingcindezi, kanye unswinyo lwesibili ngokumelene nezinkampani zangaphandle ezihweba neCaracas.
NgokukaDouhan, “unswinyo lwesibili [alufanele] ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, oluvimbela uhulumeni waseVenezuela, umkhakha wakhe womphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ekuthengeni imishini, izingxenye eziyisipele, imithi, ukudla, izinsiza zezolimo nezinye izimpahla ezibalulekile ngisho nangaphakathi kwamalayisensi akhishiwe. ngohulumeni wase-US.”
Emkhakheni wezezimali, ubike ukuthi uCaracas uhlushwa “inani elikhulayo lokwenqatshwa kokudluliselwa kwebhange, ukunwetshwa kwezikhathi zokudluliselwa kwebhange (kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-45), ukulethwa okuphezulu, umshuwalense kanye nezindleko zokudluliselwa kwebhange, kanye nokukhuphuka kwentengo okubikiwe. zonke izimpahla (ikakhulukazi ezingenisiwe).” Ummeli waseBelarusian uphinde waveza izinkinga ezihlobene nabafuduki baseVenezuela abathumela imali ethunyelwa ekhaya.
Ekugcineni, isikhulu se-UN saqaphela izinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokungahlawuliswa ezinomthelela enkingeni ekhona, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele kwezimali zosizo lwabantu, ukungaphathwa kahle komnotho kanye nenkohlakalo.
“Akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuthi lingakanani noma iphesenti langempela [le nkinga] ethintwe unswinyo, kodwa ngingasho ukuthi kunobufakazi bokuthi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekufinyeleleni ilungelo lokuphila, lemfundo, umuthi wokudla, nakuzo zonke ezinye izici zokuphila,” wafingqa ngesikhathi ethula umbiko.
UDouhan ungungoti wesibili we-UN wamalungelo abantu ukuvakashela leli lizwe eminyakeni edlule. Uzakwethu u-Alfred de Zayas naye ubelokhu ejabule kakhulu okubalulekile unswinyo olubhekiswe eVenezuela futhi bathi benza ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini. Ikhomishini Ephakeme Ye-UN Yamalungelo Abantu uMichelle Bachelet naye wavakashela ngo-2020 futhi kusukela lapho wengeza izwi lakhe izingcingo ukuze kukhululwe unswinyo.
Uhulumeni waseVenezuela wamukele imiphumela yokuqala kaDouhan. Ngokuphambene, iqembu eliphikisayo lawugxeka umbiko we-UN, lithi “wamane nje “wayinkulumo-ze yombuso” egcwele “ukungaqondi kahle.”
Izijeziso ngokumelene neVenezuela zaqala ngo-2015, kodwa zanda kakhulu ngo-2017 futhi futhi ngo-2019, lapho i-US ifaka isicelo kuqala. ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha futhi kamuva a i-embargo egcwele ngokugcwele kukho konke ukusebenzisana neCaracas. Muva nje, imikhakha ehlanganisa izinhlelo zokungenisa ukudla, izindiza futhi amadili okushintshanisa uwoyela wokudla ziqondiswe yiWashington.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela