“Uhulumeni kumele aqale ukuphila ngokwamandla akhe njengoba kwenza imindeni. Kufanele sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemali esingakwazi ukukukhokhela ukuze sibeke umnotho esimeni esigculisayo, sinikeze amabhizinisi ethu ukuzethemba akudingayo ukuze akhule adale amathuba emisebenzi.”

-UMongameli uBarack Obama, inkulumo yomsakazo yamasonto onke, ngoJulayi 2, 2011

“Ukube i-US bekuyibhizinisi, bekungaba ibhizinisi elihlulekayo. Inkinga ke leyo. Kufanele usebenzise imali encane kunaleyo oyenzayo. Ibhizinisi 101."

—Umthengisi wezimoto endaweni yaseBoston u-Ernie Boch, Jr., ucashunwe kwethi “Kusuka kwabacebe kakhulu, ababili abajabulela intela ephakeme,” Boston Globe, Agasti 21, 2011

 

Vula noma yiziphi izinhlelo zethelevishini noma zomsakazo futhi ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside uzwe othile ethi uhulumeni kumele aphile ngokwamandla akhe njengoba kwenza imindeni namabhizinisi.

U-Barack Obama unikeze lesi sifaniso uphawu lukamongameli lokugunyaza enkulumweni yomsakazo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ngo-Agasti, u-Ernie Boch, Jr., isikhulu sezokuthengisa izimoto ezinze eBoston, wengeza amasenti akhe amabili obizweni lukaWarren Buffett lokukhuphula izintela kwabacebile: uzokhokha intela eyengeziwe kuphela uma uhulumeni elinganisela isabelomali sakhe njengesakhe kanye nazo zonke ezinye. ibhizinisi okufanele lenze.

Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi imindeni noma amabhizinisi awalinganiseli izincwadi zawo ngomqondo wokudela ukuboleka. Futhi noma ngabe benza njalo, ukugcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni enze okufanayo kuzocisha noma yiziphi izinsalela zokukhula komnotho nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, hhayi ukubathungela.

 

Uyinki Obomvu Womndeni Nebhizinisi

Imbalwa imindeni elinganisa isabelomali sayo ngendlela ababheki bokulunga kwezezimali manje abafuna ngayo uhulumeni. Cishe yonke imindeni ichitha imali engaphezu kweyiholayo futhi iboleka ukwenza kanjalo. Uma umndeni uboleka imoto, uboleka imali yabafundi, noma uboleka indlu, usebenzisa imali ongenayo.

Ingabe ukuboleka umgwaqo kuwukuchitha? Hhayi uma isikweletu sifinyeleleka. Lokho akuxhomekile nje ebukhulu besikweletu uma kuqhathaniswa nemali engenayo etholakalayo yokukhokhela leso sikweletu, kodwa nasendleleni umndeni oyisebenzisa ngayo imali oyibolekile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kucatshangwa ukuthi ubukhulu besikweletu buyalawuleka, ukuboleka ukuze kukhokhelwe imfundo kuyafaneleka uma imfundo ithuthukisa amathuba omkhaya okuhola futhi ngaleyo ndlela isiza ekuhlinzekeni imali edingekayo yokukhokhela isikweletu.

Kungokufanayo namabhizinisi. Baboleka ukuze batshale imali futhi basebenze, ikakhulukazi e-United States lapho izinkampani zikhokhela ingxenye enkulu yokutshalwa kwazo ngokuboleka kunokuba zikhiphe isitoko. Yize izinombolo eziqondile zingatholakali mayelana nezindawo eziyimfihlo ze-Boch auto dealerships, qiniseka ukuthi inkampani ka-Boch iyaboleka ukuze ibeke izimoto endaweni yakhe ayidayisela umphakathi noma yakhe enye indawo. Lokho kuboleka kuvumela abakwa-Boch namanye amabhizinisi ukuthi basebenzise imali engaphezu kwaleyo abayithathayo—Ibhizinisi 101.

Imindeni namabhizinisi e-United States benza kancane kancane ukuboleka kanye nokuboleka okuthe xaxa kunalokho abebenakho esikhathini esidlule. Namuhla imikhaya ithembele esikweletini ukuze yanelise izidingo zayo—kuyo yonke into kusukela ekudleni kuye ekuphehleni, kusukela emfundweni kuya kwezokuzijabulisa, futhi ikakhulukazi indawo yokuhlala. Isikweletu sasekhaya siphelele sasimi ku-92.5% we-GDP ngo-2010, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu ngaphezu kwezinga lawo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ngaphambili, ama-60.2% ngo-1990. isikweletu. Ngekota yokuqala ka-2011, izinkokhelo zasendlini ezikweletini zabathengi nezezindlu zadla u-11.5% wemali engenayo yomuntu siqu etholakalayo.

Amabhizinisi nawo akhulise ukuthembela kwawo ezikweletini ukuze akwazi ukuxhasa imisebenzi yawo. Isikweletu sisonke samabhizinisi okungewona awezezimali sasisikhulu ngama-53% njenge-GDP ngo-1980, kodwa safinyelela ku-74.3% ngo-2010.

Ngokuqinisekile lezo zibalo ziqamba amanga enkolelweni yokuthi imindeni namabhizinisi balinganisela isabelomali sawo unyaka nonyaka ngaphandle kokuthembela ekubolekeni ukuze usebenzise imali engaphezu komholo wabo.

 

Uyinki Obomvu Kahulumeni

Noma kunjalo kuyiqiniso ukuthi isikweletu sikahulumeni wobumbano sikhule kancane kancane futhi ngokushesha kule minyaka eyishumi edlule njengoba uhulumeni ubelokhu eqhuba ukushoda kwesabelomali. Isilinganiso sesikweletu esisele sikahulumeni wobumbano kwi-GDP yezwe sikhuphuke sisuka ku-32.5% ngo-2001 saya ku-62.1% ngo-2010.

Kodwa-ke, izinkokhelo zaleso sikweletu esikhuphukayo ziwumthwalo ongaphansi kwesabelomali sikahulumeni wobumbano kunezinkokhelo zezikweletu kubhajethi yomndeni. Uhulumeni wase-US angaqhubeka nokuxhasa isikweletu sakhe ngezindlela ezingavulekele umndeni ocebe kakhulu noma ibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo wayo wesikweletu uhlanganisa izinkokhelo zenzalo esikweletini sayo, okuzoba u-9.5% wemali engenayo yenhlangano ngo-2011. Lokho kungamaphesenti amabili amaphuzu angaphansi kwengxenye yemali engenayo imindeni ezinikele ekukhokheleni izikweletu zayo—izinkokhelo zenzalo. kanye nenkokhelo kuthishanhloko—ekuqaleni kuka-2011.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enhle yezindleko zenhlangano iye ekutshalweni kwezimali okuhloswe ngayo ukukhulisa imali engenayo (kanye nemindeni yase-US) yesikhathi esizayo—efana nekhaya elithatha imali mboleko yemfundo noma ibhizinisi elibolekayo ukuze landise ukusebenza kwalo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yiBrookings Institution, isikhungo sokucabanga esizinze eWashington, luthole ukuthi ngo-2008 uhulumeni wobumbano wasebenzisa imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-253.8 ekutshalweni kwezimali okungezona ezokuvikela kwingqalasizinda, ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha, ucwaningo nentuthuko, kanye nemfundo nokuqeqeshwa, zonke izindleko ezizosetshenziswa. ukukhulisa umkhiqizo womnotho futhi usize ukuhlinzeka ngemali yentela ukuze isebenze isikweletu. Lezo zindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zilingana nengxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yesabelomali esishodayo esingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-453.6 ngo-2008.

 

Intando Yepolitiki

Ukwenyanya ukushoda kukahulumeni wobumbano kanye nokuboleka okugqugquzelwa osolwazi nosopolitiki abathi ohulumeni kumele balinganisele izabelomali zabo njengoba kwenza imindeni namabhizinisi, njengoba umnotho untengantenga, akungqubuzani namaqiniso kuphela. Kusenze saba sibi kakhulu ngokuvimba ukusetshenziswa kwemali kukahulumeni ngesikhathi nje kudingekile kakhulu. Uma isabelomali semindeni siqinile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kuba nzima ngenxa yabaningi abangasebenzi kanye nokugcwala kwezikweletu zezindlu, kuba kuhulumeni ukuthi ahlinzeke ngemali edingekayo ukuze umnotho uqhubeke. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kukahulumeni kungafaka abantu emsebenzini futhi kunikeze imali engenayo ezoxegisa isabelomali semindeni esiqinile, ukuze nabo bathenge lokho okukhiqizwa amabhizinisi.

Okudingekayo ukubuyisela emuva izabelomali zokungabi nalutho ezithandwa osopolitiki abalandela imithetho e-United States naseYurophu namuhla. Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kukahulumeni kanye nokwehliswa kwentela okuqondiswe kubantu abasebenzayo, ngaphezu kwalokho uMongameli Obama akuhlongoze kumthethosivivinywa wakhe wemisebenzi wakamuva, ngokuqinisekile kuzokwenza ukushoda kwesabelomali kube kukhulu futhi kunyuse isikweletu sikahulumeni. Kodwa leso silinganiso sesikweletu sikahulumeni ku-GDP, okwamanje esingama-62.1%, sisengaphansi kakhulu kwerekhodi eliphakeme lango-1946 lama-109% ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, eyalandelwa amashumi amabili eminyaka anamandla okukhula komnotho emlandweni wase-US.

Kwenzekile ngaphambili, nangesikhathi sezimo zezomnotho ezimbi nakakhulu kunokuntengantenga kwanamuhla. Enkulumweni yomkhankaso wase-Pittsburgh ngo-Okthoba 1932, cishe iminyaka emithathu ku-Great Depression, ummeli kamongameli uFranklin Delano Roosevelt wathembisa ukuthi uzonciphisa izindleko zikahulumeni ngo-25% futhi alinganise isabelomali sombuso. Kodwa lapho esesesikhundleni, i-FDR yahoxa esithembisweni sayo sokulinganisela isabelomali futhi yaqala Isivumelwano Esisha. Lapho ebuyela ePittsburgh phakathi nomkhankaso wakhe wokukhethwa kabusha ka-1936, i-FDR yathi, “ukulinganisa isabelomali sango-1933, noma ngo-1934, noma ngo-1935 kwakuyoba icala kubantu baseMelika.”

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemali okukhulu kukahulumeni nangaphandle kwentando yezombusazwe yokubeka uphawu lokulinganisa isabelomali sikahulumeni “njengecala elibhekiswe kubantu baseMelika,” inkinga yanamuhla ingase idonse ishumi leminyaka njengoba ubunzima bezomnotho budlanga kwabaningi bethu.

UJOHN MILLER, ilungu le- Amadola & Sense ngokuhlanganyela, unguprofesa wezomnotho e-Wheaton College.

IMITHOMBO: U-Barack Obama, Inkulumo Yerediyo Yamasonto onke, Julayi 2, 2011; U-Erin Ailworth, "Kwabanye abacebe kakhulu, ababili abajabulela intela ephakeme," Boston Globe, Aug. 21, 2011; Ihhovisi le-Congressional Budget, ISabelomali kanye Nombono Womnotho: Iminyaka Yezimali ka-2011 kuya ku-2021, January 2011; U-Emilia Istrate no-Robert Puentes, "Ukutshala imali ukuze uphumelele," Uhlelo Lwenqubomgomo Yedolobhakazi e-Brookings, Dec. 2009; U-Arthur MacEwan noJohn Miller, Ukuwa Komnotho, Ushintsho Lomnotho: Ukufinyelela Izimpande Zenhlekelele, ME Sharpe, 2011; Ikheli likaHulumeni uFranklin D. Roosevelt, ePittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 19, 1932; Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Ikheli eForbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pa.,” Oct. 1, 1936, The American Presidency Project.

  

---