Ubani owalahlekelwa iLibya? Ngempela, ubani owalahlekelwa yiyo yonke iMpumalanga Ephakathi? Leyo imibuzo ecashe ngemuva ukusakazwa kwezihloko ezingapheli mayelana ne "Benghazi-gate." Nanku umbuzo okufanele siwubuze ngempela: Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba isigameko esibuhlungu kodwa esizimele endaweni yenxusa lase-US, endaweni abambalwa baseMelika abake bezwa ngaso, sangena ngodaba olubalulekile emqhudelwaneni osondele kakhulu wokuba ngumongameli. ?

Impendulo yami emfushane: amandla ahlala njalo enganekwane yenqubomgomo yangaphandle engeke ife, umbono osekuphele amashumi eminyaka wokuthi iMelika inelungelo elingenakuphikwa “lokuba ngumnikazi” womhlaba nokulawula yonke indawo ekuwo. Ngisho ukuthi, awukwazi ukulahlekelwa yilokho ongakaze ube nakho.

Le sizini yomkhankaso isifundisa ukuthi kuncane kangakanani okushintshile kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi lapho izingqalabutho zeRiphabhulikhi zamemeza, "Ubani olahlekelwe yiChina?" Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, kuselula ngokumangazayo ukugcwalisa umoya wezombangazwe ngokukhathazeka ngokuthi “silahlekelwe” izwe noma, okubi nakakhulu, isifunda sonke ebekufanele ngandlela-thile sibe “naso.”

"Ubani olahlekile ...?" ifomula yinto efana neqhinga lomlingo. Ayikho indlela yokubamba ukuthi isebenza kanjani uze ususe amehlo akho kulabo abamemeza ama-alamu ubheke ukuthi kwenzekani ngemuva.

 

Ubani Ophethe Lapha?

Icala elimangalisayo lesigameko eBenghazi laligcwele izimanga kusukela ekuqaleni. Kwakuyi- Okungajwayelekile uchwepheshe ongazange asiqinisekise ukuthi abavoti ngeke bakhathazeke nakancane ngezindaba zangaphandle kulo nyaka. Konke kwakuzoba “umnotho, ubuwula,” 24/7. Futhi uma izingqinamba zakwamanye amazwe zibanga isiyaluyalu esifushane, ngokuqinisekile imibuzo izobe imayelana Afghanistan, Pakistan, noma China.

Nokho amasonto amaningi, ukushona kweNxusa laseMelika eLibya, u-J. Christopher Stevens, kanye nabanye abathathu baseMelika kwaba isililo somkhankaso wokukhipha u-Barack Obama esikhundleni. Okwenza lokhu kumangaze nakakhulu: lapho kuqala izindaba zale nhlekelele, kwabonakala sengathi ishonile njengendaba yezombangazwe.

Ngosuku olulandelayo ukuhlaselwa kwe-consulate, njengoba izindaba zokubulawa zisanda kuphuma, uMitt Romney waphuthuma khona qhumisa imbangi yakhe: "Ubuholi baseMelika buyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imicimbi esifundeni ayiphumi ekulawuleni." Umongameli kumele akhombise “ukunquma ngamandla ethu” kanye nokulungela ukusebenzisa “amandla amakhulu.” UBarack Obama wehlulekile kuzo zonke lezi zibalo, uRomney wabekwa icala, nokufa kwabantu eBenghazi kwakufakazela lokho.

Lowo oqokelwe isikhundla sikamongameli weRiphabhulikhi ugxekwe ngokufanelekile ngenxa “yokwenza ipolitiki” ngalesi sigameko. Kubonakala sengathi cishe wonke umuntu ungene ngokuhlolisisa. Ngisho neqhawe lesikhathi eside laseRiphabhulikhi U-Ed Rogers wabhala ukuthi “uRomney ukhubekile,” kuyilapho “umongameli esho izinto ezifanele futhi enephimbo elifanele.” 

U-Romney akazange ahoxise noma yini ayisho ngalolo suku lokuqala - futhi ngandlela thize amagama afanayo, ake edelelwa ngokuthi awafaneleki futhi "akayena umongameli," aguqulwa ngendlela engaqondakali aba izimpikiswano ezinamandla ezimelene nokuqokwa kabusha kwalowo obambe isikhundla. Ngemva kwenyanga, indaba entsha yaba sematheni: Ukugxeka kukaRomney ngeLibya kwase kuthiwa ukushaya ilitshe, ukushintsha okuguquguqukayo, ukudlala indima enkulu ekuvukeni komkhankaso wakhe. 

Lolu shintsho lwezingoma lubonise ngokwengxenye isidingo esikhulu sabezindaba somncintiswano oseduze kamongameli ukuze kugcinwe izithakazelo zomphakathi. Ngesikhathi sesigameko saseLibya kwavunyelwana ngokuthi u-Obama useqala ukuqhubekela phambili emjahweni, ngokukhulu ukushesha, futhi noma yini engathuthukisa amathuba kaRomney ngokungangabazeki yamukelekile etafuleni lomhleli.

Noma ngabe abahleli bazama kangakanani, noma kunjalo, ezinye izindaba azibambeleli. Kodwa indaba yaseLibya imile. Kwathinta inhliziyo ndawana thize ezinhliziyweni nasezingqondweni zabantu abaningi baseMelika. Kufanele uzibuze ukuthi kungani.

Ingxenye enkulu yempendulo ilele emandleni amagama ayisihluthulelo esitatimendeni sokuqala sikaRomney: “amandla” kanye “nokulawula.” Osomaqhinga bakhe babambe iqiniso eliyisisekelo lepolitiki yaseMelika: Umphakathi unesifiso esingapheli sezindaba ezibambekayo mayelana nezinselelo zamandla omhlaba waseMelika kanye nelungelo lawo lokulawula umhlaba. Baphinda-ke bathumela indoda yabo ukuba iyoyixoxa futhi le ndaba.

Enkulumweni yakhe yokuqala inkulumo yenqubomgomo yangaphandle, u-Romney wakhulula umphikisi wakhe kunoma yimuphi umthwalo wemfanelo wokufa kwabantu abane baseMelika, kodwa wakhohlisa u-Obama ngesono esibi kakhulu. Ngokuphazima kweso, waguqula lesi sigameko saba umkholi wokuhlasela okukhulu kweMelika: “Amanxusa ethu ahlaselwe. Ifulegi lethu lishisiwe… Isizwe sethu sahlaselwa.”

Umsebenzi kamengameli wukusivikela ngokubusa izitha zethu, kusho umphikisi. Irekhodi lethu lokunqoba elingaguquguquki kanye nezindinganiso zethu ezenza iMelika "ikhetheke" - futhi ewashini lika-Obama, njengoba isigameko sase-Benghazi safakazela, eMelika. futhi ukuhluka kwayo kwehlile ekubaleni. 

Lokhu kwakungeyona nje ihaba lokubeka icala “lobuthakathaka” bomongameli. Njengoba enza ngalolo suku lokuqala, uRomney waphinda waphakamisa umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukulandisa okudumile kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika: Ubani ophethe lapha?

Phela, liyini iphuzu lokuba amandla amakhulu emhlabeni wonke uma ungagcini ukulawula izenzakalo emhlabeni wonke? Njengoba uRomney ekubeka ngamafuphi: “Kuwumthwalo kaMongameli wethu ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu aseMelika ukulolonga umlando.” Futhi kuleso sibalo esibaluleke kakhulu, wagcizelela, u-Obama wehlulekile kabi futhi inxusa laseMelika lalikhokhele lokho kwehluleka ngempilo yakhe.

 

I-Bipartisan Mythology

Izinkulumo-mpikiswano zinikeze uRomney ithuba lokucija ukuhlasela kwakhe. Kweyesibili yawo, u-Obama wachezukisa amacala ngeLibya (yize engazange awaphendule). Ngaleso sikhathi impikiswano yesithathu Njengoba bejikeleza, osomaqhinga bakaRomney ngokusobala ababonanga nzuzo kanye nenqwaba yengozi ekucindezeleni umbuzo waseLibya. Kodwa basabone inzuzo enkulu ekugcineni udaba olubanzi luphila. Ngakho-ke uRomney wagijima wadlula eLibya, ethi, "Sibone izigameko eziningi eziphazamisayo emazweni ngamazwe."

Wazakhela icala esebenzisa izithombe ezesabekayo: “Ngibona iMpumalanga Ephakathi negagasi elikhulayo lodlame, isiphithiphithi, isiphithiphithi… Ubona i-al-Qaeda ingena igijima.” Amandla eWashington ayedinga ukubuyiselwa ezandleni ezifanele ukuze, egqoke "ingubo yobuholi," i-US "ingasiza iMpumalanga Ephakathi" ibuyisele emuva "igagasi elikhulayo lesiphithiphithi nokudideka" futhi linqobe amaphekula. 

Ukuhumusha: Cishe amashumi eminyaka cishe bonke ohulumeni baseMpumalanga Ephakathi, izizinda zamandla zomhlaba, babengabambisene bethu (ngokunembile, amaklayenti ethu, nakuba lelo gama lingakaze lisetshenziswe enkampanini ehloniphekile). Singase Yakha amasosha abo, asekele imibuso yawo ebusa ngokwentando yeningi, futhi athembele kuwo ukuthi aqede noma yiziphi izinkulumo ezibonisa imizwa emelene neMelika. Manje, ngaphansi kuka-Obama, le ndawo ebalulekile yomhlaba, eyake yaba ngaphansi kwesithupha sethu, yayiphuma ekulawuleni. Silahlekelwa ukulawula ngokuhluleka ukusebenzisa amandla ethu futhi silahlekelwa ukuphepha kwethu.

Amandla, ukulawula, nokuphepha kwezwe konke kuyizingxenye zephakheji efanayo; akukho okubaluleke kakhulu eMelika - futhi u-Obama wayekuvumela konke ukuthi kwehle. Ngakho-ke indaba yeRiphabhulikhi yahamba (kanye ukuvuza okukhulu kwedokhumenti "ku-cover-up" yaseLibya nokunye okuvela kuCongress). Okwakubhekwa njengesudi eqinile ka-Obama - phela wayeyindoda eyakhipha u-Osama bin Laden - kungazelelwe kwabonakala sengathi icushwe.

AmaDemocrat empeleni aphendule ngokubeka indaba efanayo ngokuphawulekayo mayelana (njengoba umongameli ayibiza engxoxweni yesithathu) "ubuholi obuqinile, obuqinile," abathi, buvimbela iMpumalanga Ephakathi ukuthi ingalawuleki. Ngamanye amazwi, besingakalahlekelwa yiLibya nhlobo. Kodwa lelo kwakuwukuphela kwephuzu okwakuphikisana ngalo.

Inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kwamaRiphabhulikhi namaDemocrats yayingaphathelene nemigomo yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, lapho ukusekelwa kwabangane abazimele njengokwesekwa. I-Saudi Arabia futhi Bahrain kucatshangwa, futhi izinhlangothi zombili ziyavumelana ngesidingo ukhetho lwentando yeningi, ubuningi bezenkolo, iphephandaba elikhululekile, ukunika abesifazane amandla, ukuqinisa ubunxiwankulu bamabhizinisi amahhala, nokucekela phansi amaphekula amaSulumane.

Ngokubanzi, izinhlangothi zombili ziyavuma, njengoba ziye zavumelana amashumi eminyaka, ukuthi inhloso yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseWashington edlula zonke kumele kube ukubumba umlando, ukulawula umhlaba, nokuwenza ufane nezindinganiso zaseMelika futhi ufeze izithakazelo zaseMelika. Lo mbono oyinganekwane wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika uyisibonelo esingajwayelekile sokuvumelana kwe-bipartisan yesikhathi eside.

Uma ngikubiza ngenganekwane, angisho ukuthi kungamanga. Ngiqonde ukuthi ukulandisa okuyisisekelo kwamandla aseMelika aveza imibono yethu eyisisekelo mayelana nomhlaba, indaba lapho zonke izizwe emhlabeni, ngokwethiyori, zingezethu ukulahlekelwa.

Kubantu abaningi baseMelika (nakuba kungenjalo emhlabeni wonke), le ndaba ayibonisi ukuthukuthela nokudakwa amandla ombuso.. Kuwumqondo omuhle nje. Kuwo wonke umlando wethu, enhliziyweni yezinganekwane ezivelele zezwe bekulokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi i-US kufanele ibe "isitimela" somhlaba kanye nazo zonke ezinye izizwe "i-caboose" (njengoba uNobhala Wezwe kaMongameli uHarry Truman, uDean Acheson, wake washo) . Isizathu salokhu sasilula (okungenani kubantu baseMelika): sasiyisizwe sokuqala nesikhulu kunazo zonke esisekelwe emaqinisweni okuziphatha asemhlabeni wonke okuthiwa ayabonakala kunoma yimuphi umuntu onengqondo.

Impela, ukulawula umhlaba kungafeza izithakazelo zethu ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezindlela ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzithakasela kwethu okuyinhloko, ngakho-ke inganekwane igcizelela, bekulokhu futhi kuyoba njalo ukuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha - mhlawumbe nokuphelela - kwawo wonke umhlaba. Ngokuzikhonza sikhonza sonke isintu.

Impi Yezepolitiki Enzima Kunazo Zonke

Okuwukuphela kombuzo okufanele kuxoxwe ngawo, ukuthi singawasebenzisa kanjani amandla ethu aphansi nengcebo ngobuhlakani obukhulu ukuze sigcine ukulawula okusebenzayo. Iningi labantu baseMelika lilindele ukuthi umongameli wabo azi impendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iningi labantu baseMelika likhathazeka ngokuthi angeke. Insika yakamuva yokulandisa kwe-bipartisan, i inganekwane yokungavikeleki kwelakubo, kusikisela okuphambene. 

Ngokwaleyo nganekwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinamandla angakanani ezempi noma esiwalawulayo, kuhlale kukhona “igagasi elikhulayo lesiyaluyalu” endaweni ethile elisongela ukuphepha kwezwe lethu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, endaweni ethile emhlabeni, sinokuthile okubalulekile okufanele sikulahlekele. Igama losongo lingashintsha kalula ngendlela emangalisayo. Kodwa ingozi kufanele ihlale ikhona. Ibalulekile endabeni.

Futhi leyo ndaba, nayo, manje ibalulekile kuwo wonke umqhudelwano wobumongameli. Njengoba New York Times umlobi wephephandaba uMaureen Dowd wake wabhala, “Lonke ukhetho lunokulandisa okufanayo: Ingabe ubaba onamandla angavikela indlu kubahlaseli?” (Cabanga ngoRonald Reagan kanye indaba yokuthunjwa yase-Iran noma uGeorge W. Bush futhi 9/11.) Uma kunguye obambe iqhaza, umbuzo uba: Ingabe ubengubaba onamandla ngokwanele ukuba alawule umhlaba futhi ngaleyo ndlela avikele indlu?

Wonke umuntu ophonsela inselelo udlala kulokho kukhathazeka, ekhetha isibonelo esisobala kakhulu noma esikahle sosuku njengehhuku lapho angalengisa khona amacala angapheli obuthakathaka nobungozi. Kusukela "Ubani olahlekelwe yiChina?" izinsuku, amaRiphabhulikhi adlale leli khadi ikakhulukazi ngobuchule.

Lo nyaka bekubonakala ukuthi iDemocrat ngubani "yakhuphuka" e-Afghanistan, wabulala uBin Laden, futhi wagijima mathupha umkhankaso wokubulawa kwe-drone ovela e-White House, wake wavikela ngempumelelo uhlangothi lwakhe lokudla ekuhlaselweni kwe-GOP okwakubikezelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho isiphetho sathumela ukubulawa kwabantu baseLibya emkhankasweni waseRomney, ezindlini zezindaba, kanye nengxenye enkulu yomphakathi waseMelika. Nikeza abantu bakaRomney udumo: balizwa ithuba kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.

UMitt kwadingeka ukuthi abuze ukuthi "Ubani olahlekelwe yiLibya?" bese uyiguqula ibe "Ubani olahlekelwe iMpumalanga Ephakathi?" - hhayi nje ukukhulisa amathuba akhe kodwa ngoba ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi ilangazelela “inkulumo-mpikiswano” enjalo. Phela, ngaso sonke isikhathi umbuzo othi "Ubani olahlekelwe [gcwalisa okungenalutho]?" kuphakama, kuqinisekisa kokubili isithembiso esiqinisekisayo sokuthi siyakufanelekela ukulawula izwe nokukhathazeka okuphazamisayo kokuthi singase silahlekelwe yilokho okwethu okufanele.

Kwakuyini, kuzo zonke izici zayo ezidabukisayo, umcimbi omncane eLibya waba yinkinga yomkhankaso oyinhloko ngoba kube yigama lekhodi yale sizini yalo lonke iphakethe lezinganekwane. Kwabaningi baseMelika, isiqinisekiso esijulile singase sivele ngokuzwa ukuthi inganekwane yethu yendabuko - ilensi evamile esibuka ngayo isizwe sethu kanye nendima yaso emhlabeni - isaphelele.

Nokho, emkhathizwe singabona ngokufiphala umbuzo omusha ophakamayo: Ingabe le nganekwane ingaqhubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani? Kwalimala kakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi YaseVietnam, lapho iphupho lokulawula umhlaba wonke lihlanekezelwa ngokoqobo. Leso silonda sesiphinde sadatshulwa izimpi ezingenazithelo kanye nezingxabano e-Iraq, Afghanistan, nakwezinye izindawo.

Manje, ziningi kakhulu izinguquko eziphazamisayo emhlabeni wonke esingeke sazibikezela, ingasaphathwa eyokuzilawula. Ngokushesha ngokwanele - mhlawumbe ngo-2020, noma ngisho no-2016 - ukukhala kwempi yezombusazwe kungase kube: "Ubani olahlekelwe umhlaba?"

Kungenzeka futhi ukucabanga ukuthi ngolunye usuku abantu baseMelika bazobamba iqhaza engxoxweni esiyidinga ngempela - mayelana nokukhetha umbono omusha wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle efanelana nezwe lanamuhla, lapho iphupho lokulawula umhlaba wonke selingasenamsebenzi ngoba amaqiniso aphikisana nawo, njengamandla aseMelika. kuncipha kuyilapho ezinye izizwe zithola amandla kancane kancane.

Nokho, ungalindeli ukuthi inganekwane endala izonyamalala buthule. Inganekwane endala ngokumelene nenganekwane entsha iyimpi yezombusazwe enamandla kunazo zonke.  

U-Ira Chernus unguProfesa Wezifundo Zenkolo eNyuvesi yaseColorado eBoulder, a I-TomDispatch ejwayelekile, nombhali we"I-Mythic America: Izindatshana.” Ubhalisa ku I-MythicAmerica.us.

Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela Kwesiko Lokunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi The American Way of War: How Bush's Wars Became Obama's (Haymarket Books). 

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