Umthombo: Toward Freedom

Amaphoyisa namasosha baphuma ezimotweni zabo. Bebehlomile, bezifihle ubuso futhi begqoke imifaniswano ye-camouflage ensundu. Ayengekho amagama. Baqala ukudubula. Izinhlamvu zenjoloba. Isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi. Izakhamuzi zaklabalasa, zixoshwa ezindlini zazo, zigijima emigwaqweni ewubhuqu ebomvu yemiphakathi yazo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuntwela kokusa ngoNovemba 25, izimoto zamaphoyisa nezempi zafika ezindaweni ezintathu zezisebenzi ezingenamhlaba enyakatho yesifunda sase-Bahia: u-Abril Vermelho, uDorothy, no-Iray.

Imindeni engamakhulu ayisikhombisa, exhumene neLandless Workers Movement, i-MST, ihlale kule miphakathi kusukela ngo-2012. Bazakhele amakhaya abo ngezandla zabo. Bakha izikole, lapho kwafunda khona amakhulu ezingane zabo. Bafuye izimbuzi nezimvu. Balima, futhi ibhizinisi labo lalikhula: ngonyaka odlule, bathi bakhulise amathani ayi-7,200. imikhiqizo yezolimo —amakhabe, amagilebhisi, i-yucca nemifino yamasaladi—futhi kwadala amathuba emisebenzi kubantu abayizi-5,000.

Ukuhlasela kwasekuseni, okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyo yomithathu imiphakathi, kubonakale abantu begcwele iziqhumane. Abanye bahlanza igesi, indiza enophephela emhlane yawela phezulu. Izingane zakhala futhi zaklabalasa. Isifutho sikapelepele sasigeleza ezigodini zabo, kube sengathi yinkungu elenga phansi, iphusha abantu njengoba ilanga liphuma libebomvu ngaphansi kwamafu aminyene.

Kwabe sekufika ogandaganda. Izakhamuzi zabukela buqamama, ziphoqa izinyembezi, njengoba ingalo yekati elikhulu eliphuzi ishaya phansi ophahleni lukathayela wendlu yokuqala ehlala e-Abril Vermelho. Yadonsela phansi udonga lwe-cinder block ebomvu ngezitini. Uthuli lwezindlu ezibhidlikile lwaphumela emoyeni wasekuseni. Injini yomshini omkhulu yakhala futhi yabubula, sengathi iyabhikisha.

Ufakazi wokuzibonela uFelipe de Sena e Silva utshele Sibheke Enkululekweni ukuthi ngehora leshumi ekuseni, ingxenye yemizi eyayisetshenziswa yayibhidlikile. Lapho kushona ilanga, imiphakathi yayisihlakaniphe ngokuphelele.

“Angisazi ukuthi ngizoshonaphi manje,” kusho esinye sezakhamuzi zase-Abril Vermelho, unina wezingane ezimbili okhulelwe, ocele ukungadalulwa ngoba esaba ukuphindiselwa. “Anginandawo engingaya kuyo. Leli bekuwukuphela kwekhaya lami.”

Muva nje, uhulumeni waseBrazil uye wathatha umugqa omncane, oyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuvikela ilungelo lempahla yomuntu siqu kanye nelungelo lokuguqulwa kwezolimo. Namuhla, lowo mugqa usuchithiwe.

Lapha, njengakwezinye izindawo ezweni, umhlaba uyinkundla yempi. Ukubuyiselwa komhlaba sekumile. Abamele abanikazi bomhlaba abanamandla kanye nezolimo zebhizinisi bavukele amandla kuhulumeni kaputeni wezempi okude kwesokudla uJair Bolsonaro. Ukungalingani emaphandleni kubuye ngamandla, okuhambisana nokuqubuka kwezigameko zokubulala kanye nezinsongo ezibhekiswe kule nhlangano nabaholi bayo. Kodwa eBrazil, abasebenzi abangenamhlaba bakubeke kwacaca ukuthi ngeke bathule.

Ekuseni ngemuva kokukhishwa, amalungu e-MST abhikishe enyakatho yeBahia, avala imigwaqo emikhulu ngamapiki namathayi avuthayo. Intuthu emnyama yayikhuphuka ibheke phezulu ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esimpunga. Ulayini owandayo wezimoto namaloli ulinde ukususwa komgwaqo.

"Abasebenzi abangenamhlaba bayahlanganiswa futhi babhikishe udlame lwamaphoyisa olusetshenziswe ngesikhathi kukhishwa,"  Kusho uMaristela Cunha, umholi wendawo we-MST. "Sike sabhekana nabanye ohulumeni abangondlovukayiphikiswa, futhi lo ngeke asiphuce ilungelo lethu lokulwela umhlaba."

I-Landless Workers Movement yaseBrazil ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu futhi eziphumelela kakhulu kwezenhlalo enkabazwe. Kusukela kwasungulwa i-MST ngo-1984, imindeni elinganiselwa ku-350,000 bathole umhlaba ngokuthatha indawo nokuhlala kuyo njengendlela yokuphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi alandele uguquko lwezolimo olugunyazwe nguMthethosisekelo.

Maphakathi nendawo yasemaphandleni esifundazweni saseParaná, amamayela angu-1,700 eningizimu ye-Bahia futhi cishe uhambo lwamahora amane uma uhamba ngemoto usuka e-Iguaçu Falls eyisakhiwo sodumo, okungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zaseBrazil ze-MST, igama lenhlangano elisebenzisela umhlaba onikezwe ngokusemthethweni. kumalungu ayo avela kuhulumeni.

Izindawo zokuhlala zidlulela esifundeni esikhulu, futhi okufezwe yizakhamuzi kuyamangalisa.

Imindeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu namakhulu ayisithupha bazinze khona noma ukuhlala emsebenzini womhlaba. Bakha cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yenani labantu bakamasipala wendawo, waseQuedas do Iguaçu, futhi bakhiqizela ingxenye enkulu kabhontshisi, ummbila, kanye nemikhiqizo yasendaweni. Ngo-2015, imindeni eyi-1,600 esebenza emifelandawonye yendawo ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene ikhiqize irekhodi. 150,000 amalitha obisi ngosuku, eyathengiswa kulo lonke elaseParaná nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane. Eminye imifelandawonye ilima futhi ilungise izinto ezibhakwayo, futhi ipheka isidlo sangeSonto esikhethekile namaqebelengwane, amaswidi, kanye nezidlo ezihlwabusayo ezingapheli abantu abahamba amakhilomitha amaningi ukuze baye khona.

Ezweni labo kunezikole zikamasipala, isikhungo seFederal University of the Southern Border, nezikole eziningana zamabanga aphansi ezinamakhulu ezingane ezinemikhaya esalwela ukuzuza umhlaba wazo.

Izingane ziyachwaza egcekeni elivulekile lesikole samabanga aphansi i-Vagner Lopes, inqwaba yamakilasi okhuni anegumbi elilodwa elakhiwe abazali bazo eminyakeni emine edlule. Kuze kube maphakathi nalo nyaka, omunye wabafundi kwakunguKethelyn Vitória oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, intombazane esakhula inamehlo ansundu nezinwele ezimhlophe ezingcolile. Imilenze yakhe yayishwibeka phakathi kwesihlalo sepulasitiki kanye nephansi lamapulangwe. Uthisha wabo, u-Adriana Monteiro, wayezulazula ekamelweni njengoba ephenya omagazini nezincwadi, efunda imisho nezigaba.

Iminyaka eminingana, uKethelyn ehlala nomama wakhe, futhi udadewabo endlini eyakhiwe ngokhuni ehamba ibangana nje ekhuphuka ngomgwaqo owubhuqu osuka esikoleni, ngaphesheya kwekamu likaDom Tomás Balduino MST. Ezinsukwini eziningi zantambama wayegoduka, ebambene ngezandla nomunye wabangane bakhe abakhulu, umakhelwane omude kakhulu onezinwele ezinsundu.

Kodwa ngo-April, ikamu lathuthela “ezindaweni zangaphambili” ezintathu, endaweni eseduze eqhele ngamamayela ambalwa. Imiphakathi ibitshala, isusa umhlaba, yakha nemizi. Kwakhiwa isikole esisha, lapho uKethelyn manje efunda khona, ezansi nje nendlu yakhe entsha. Bakha lokho abathemba ukuthi kuzohlala kuyimiphakathi ehlala njalo emaphandleni.

Amalungu e-MST ngokuvamile ahlala emhlabeni osekuhlalwa kuwo, obizwa ngokuthi ama-campments, kuze kube yilapho umbuso unikeza umhlaba, ovame ukuthengwa ezindaweni ezinkulu ukuze kuguqulwe izinguquko kwezolimo. Kukule mihlaba lapho amalungu e-MST akha khona lokho akubiza ngokuthi “izindawo zokuhlala.” Ukuxazululwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, njengasendabeni yomphakathi wangaphambili we-Dom Tomás Balduino, kuyindawo ephakathi nendawo.

Kungumnyakazo ukuze izakhamizi zikwazi ukusabalala futhi zakhe izindlu ezihlala unomphela, futhi zilime izindawo ezinkulu kunasezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu. Isinqumo sokusungula i-pre-settlement singabonakala njengendlela yokuthola igxathu elilodwa ngaphambi kwamasosha kahulumeni, abelokhu exosha izinkambi ezweni lonke. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezidlulela endaweni enkulu kakhulu, kuba nzima ukuwisa wonke umuntu ngokuphusha okukodwa.

I-MST ithi izindawo zokuhlala ezasungulwa e-Dom Tomás Balduino zasungulwa emhlabeni kahulumeni, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindawo zazibhekene necala elingekho emthethweni lamalungelo omhlaba omgunyathi. Kodwa umphakathi awunalo itayitela lomhlaba. Abahlali bayazi ukuthi ngeke bakuthole. Hhayi ngokushesha. Hhayi kuhulumeni waseBolsonaro. Baphushela phambili noma kanjani. Umbono wokumisa “izindawo zokuhlala” uyingxenye yalokho amalungu enhlangano akubiza ngokuthi “ukumelana okusebenzayo” nohulumeni waseBolsonaro - ukuthatha isinyathelo, esikhundleni sokulinda ngezinye izikhathi imisebenzi eyingozi ukuze kuguqulwe izinguquko kwezolimo ezingeke zize.

Kuwo wonke ama-2000s, abasebenzi abangenamhlaba banqoba izinqola ezinkulu: uhulumeni ka-Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva waphuca abanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu umhlaba futhi wawunikeza abalimi abancane abahlala ezindaweni ezihlala ezweni lonke.

Kodwa inqubo yehla ekuqaleni kweshumi leminyaka, ngaphansi kukamongameli u-Dilma Rousseff, njengoba iBrazil yacwila ekuwohlokeni komnotho njengoba amanani ezimpahla ehla. U-Rousseff ubhekane nengcindezi ekhulayo evela emibhikishweni yomgwaqo ophiko lwesokudla kanye namalungu aqinile omfelandawonye wakhe ophethe.

Ngo-2016, wathweswa icala lokusebenzisa isabelomali esingekho emthethweni, ngesikhathi kuketulwa umbuso kamasipala owaketulwa esikhundleni umongameli we-left. Khona-ke, njenganamuhla, ikhokhasi yasemaphandleni enamandla, emele abanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu, yalawula cishe ingxenye yesithathu yengqungquthela. Amalungu ayo avotele kakhulu ukugxeka uRousseff. Umengameli ozongena u-Michel Temer uqede uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kokulima, obubhekele ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kusukela ngo-1999, wachitha nemithetho ebikade ilawula izinguquko kwezolimo ezweni.

"Lokhu kuqale ukuhlaselwa okungakaze kubonwe ngamalungelo kanye nempumelelo yaboMdabu, abadobi abancane kanye nabalimi abangenamhlaba eBrazil," kusho uprofesa weFederal University of Bahia uCeli Taffarel etshela. Sibheke Enkululekweni. "Yisimo esibucayi kakhulu."

U-Bolsonaro wangena esikhundleni sikamongameli ngo-Okthoba 28, 2018, njengomuntu wangaphandle ofana noTrump eqhutshwa umkhankaso wezindaba zokuxhumana ogcwele izindaba ezingamanga nezithembiso zokuphula kwesokunxele nokucekela phansi okulungile kwezepolitiki. Owayengumengameli uLula nguyena obehola wonke amavoti njengoba kuyiwa okhethweni, kodwa wagqunywa ejele wavinjwa ukungenela ukhetho ngenxa yecala lenkohlakalo elenziwa ngabathile. ijaji elichemile, abaningi ababone kuyisinyathelo sokumvimba ukuthi abuyele emandleni.

Abavangeli, abanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu kanye nekhokhasi yasemaphandleni bagxume bayokweseka iBolsonaro. Sebeye baba yizinsika zesisekelo sakhe. Amandla abo akhule ngaphansi kukahulumeni wakhe. UBolsonaro uqoke inhloko yangaphambili yenhlangano I-Big Ag caucus Tereza Cristina ungqongqoshe wakhe wezoLimo, lapho engamele khona ukugunyazwa 467 izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha kusukela ngoJanuwari. Cishe ingxenye yezithako ezisebenzayo kule mikhiqizo zivinjelwe eYurophu. UBolsonaro ubeke uNabhan Garcia ukuthi aphathe ukuguqulwa komhlaba, okuwukuphikisana ngokwemvelo. UGarcia ungumnikazi womhlaba omkhulu futhi owayengumongameli weRural Democratic Union, iqembu elixhumene kuma-paramilitaries asemaphandleni asebehlele isikhathi eside ngokumelene ne-MST.

"Ukuhlaselwa komhlaba kuyicala," uGarcia kusho engxoxweni ngoNovemba 2018. “Sizoziqeda. Ngeke kube khona ukwesekwa kulo hulumeni.”

UBolsonaro uthembise ukuxolela kakhulu Isikweletu sika-$4 billion ukuthi abanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu bakweleta uhulumeni wobumbano. Ubuye waba yimbangi ye-MST. Ufunge wagomela ukuthi uzoqeda ubushoshovu, abize amalungu awo ngokuthi “amaphekula,” awabophe ejele, avale izikole zawo, futhi awasuse emhlabeni asebewubambe iminyaka.

Inkulumo kaBolsonaro igqugquzele ubugebengu obunenzondo nodlame olubhekiswe kwabamelene naye, inika amandla amaqembu kanye nabantu asebebone kudala i-MST nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi njengezigebengu emaphandleni. Umphumela ube yingozi kubasebenzi boMdabu nabangenamhlaba.

Emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokhetho lukaBolsonaro ngonyaka owedlule, abaholi ababili be-MST bendawo yokuhlala yaseZumbi dos Palmares MST esifundazweni saseParaíba. badutshulwa by hitmen. NgoJulayi, ilungu le-MST elineminyaka engu-72 ubudala Luis Ferreira da Costa wagijinyiswa ngamabomu wabulawa umlandeli weBolsonaro ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umbhikisho eduze nalapho ayehlala khona eValinhos, eSão Paulo.

“Lokhu kuwumphumela wenkulumo enenzondo kamengameli okhona. Kufana ikhadi le-blanche ukuze abantu benze abakufunayo,” kusho u-Erivan Hilario, osenesikhathi eside eyilungu le-Workers Movement. Sibheke Enkululekweni. “Kuhlobene nayo yonke le nkulumo emphakathini egunyaza ukuhlukunyezwa nobushiqela ngisho nokushushiswa kwabantu abacabanga ngendlela ehlukile.”

Ukuhlaselwa okunodlame ngokumelene ne-MST nabalimi abancane, vele, akuzange kuqale ngeBolsonaro. IKhomishana Yomhlaba Wabefundisi, kwabhalisa izingxabano ezingu-1,438 emaphandleni phakathi kuka-1985 no-2017, okubangele ukufa kwabantu abayi-1,904.

Ikakhulukazi, ukubulawa kwabantu nezingxabano emaphandleni kwakudlangile ngaphansi kokuphatha kukaFernando Henrique Cardoso, owaphatha izwe kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2002. Isibhicongo esibi kakhulu kwaba ukubulawa kwabasebenzi abangu-19 abangenamhlaba ngombutho wezokuphepha kahulumeni e-Eldorado do Carajás, eNingizimu yeParás. ngo-Ephreli 17, 1996.

Kodwa ngokusho kwabanye ku-MST, le nhlangano ayikaze ibhekane nesikhathi esinzima njenganamuhla.

"Angikaze ngikubone okufana nalokhu," kusho u-de Sena e Silva, uthisha, ohlanganyele ne-MST iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, futhi owabona ukuhlasela kwe-Bahia, utshele. Sibheke Enkululekweni kwinhlolokhono yocingo ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. “Angikaze ngicabange ukuthi ngiyoke ngibone iqembu langakwesokudla linamandla okwenza lokhu elikwenzayo uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlangano eziqhamuka emazingeni aphansi, namuhla, ezisikhahlela emgwaqweni. Kuyethusa.”

Ukukhishwa kulezi zinyanga ezisanda kwedlula, njengalokho kwase-Bahia, kugcwele imiphakathi ye-MST. Uma abasebenzi abangenamhlaba sebephoqwa emhlabeni abawudlayo iminyaka, futhi baphinde baphinde benziwe bangabi nawo umhlaba.

EParaná, umfelandawonye weBolsonaro, umbusi ongaguquki uCarlos Roberto Massa Júnior, we-Social Democrat Party yaseBrazil, ube nethimba lezokuphepha lixoshe izindawo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-MST ezinyangeni ezinhlanu nje kuphela. Amanye amakamu angama-70, ahlala imindeni eyi-10,000 asengozini, esifundazweni nje. I-microcosm yezinto ezingokoqobo ezweni lonke.

I-Bolsonaro manje isithatha izinyathelo ezinqala zokugqugquzela ukususwa kwemisebenzi yabalimi abangenamhlaba. Ngosuku olufanayo nokukhishwa kwe-MST eBahia, uBolsonaro wathumela umthethosivivinywa engqungqutheleni ezogunyaza ukukhishwa ngenkani emaphandleni ukuze "kuqinisekiswe umthetho nokuhleleka." Lokhu kwenzeke ezinsukwini ezine ngemuva kokuthi ethumele omunye umthethosivivinywa engqungqutheleni ozokhulula abezokuphepha ekujezisweni ngokwenza ubugebengu noma ukweqisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze “baqinisekise umthetho nokuhleleka.”

UBolsonaro uthi bahloselwe "ukuqala ukuqeda isiphithiphithi ... Impahla yangasese ingenye yezinsika zentando yeningi."

I-MST nabanye babize ukunyakaza “obushiqela. "

Esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, uhulumeni waseBolsonaro usethuthele ekuguquleni isikhungo sezwe sokushintshwa kwezolimo (INCRA) sibe yisikhungo sokuvikela abanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu abanamandla. I-INCRA yake yaba indikimba yombuso eyayigqugquzelwa yi-MST ukulwa nokugxilwa komhlaba emaphandleni. Manje iphishekela izinhlelo zokunikeza iziqu zezindawo ezihlangene ze-MST, emzamweni wokuhlukanisa izindawo zokuhlala futhi ivule indlela yokudayiswa kwayo isiqephu solwandle olwandle olukhulu lwesoya, izinkomo, nomoba oluhlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu. yezwe.

"Umzamo waphakade wokwenza lezi zindawo zibe yimfihlo ngokunikwa amatayitela ungolunye lwezigameko zokuhlaselwa kwenhlangano," kusho umakadebona wenhlangano u-Hilario. “Leli ngelinye lamasu okuhlakaza umnyakazo emaphandleni. Ukwenza umuntu ngamunye. Ukubuyisela emuva inhlangano ehlangene, ngoba izindawo zokuhlala zihlelwe ngokuhlanganyela. Ngakho-ke, umzamo wokuyenga abahlali ngokubanikeza amatayitela omhlaba kuwumzamo wokuhlakaza nokudiliza i-MST.”

Izikhungo zikahulumeni ezifana ne-INCRA zadalelwa ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwentando yeningi kwempahla nomhlaba kwelinye lamazwe angalingani kakhulu emhlabeni. Iphesenti elilodwa labanikazi bomhlaba lilawula cishe amaphesenti angama-50 omhlaba ezweni, okuyisibalo esigcwele kakhulu esabiwa umhlaba kusukela ekupheleni kombuso wobushiqela, ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela Isikhungo Sezibalo SaseBrazil.

Manje, izikhungo zikahulumeni ezivikela abampofu seziphelile, kuyilapho izithakazelo zabanamandla ziqiniswa nakakhulu. Ukungalingani, naphezu kwezinzuzo ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle ezisungulwe ngaphansi kohulumeni be-Workers Party, eyasusa izigidi ebuphofini, kubuye ngamandla.

Isithembiso sika-Bolsonaro sokuvula izindawo zabomdabu ukuze zithuthukiswe siyingxenye yalokhu kucindezela ukujabulisa izithakazelo ezinamandla, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ngamunye, kwesinye isikhathi inkampani.

I-Agribusiness iyinkosi. Ibusa umnotho kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-Brazilian kwamanye amazwe. NgoMashi, kwenziwa imikhiqizo yebhizinisi lezolimo  Amaphesenti angama-47 azo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. IBrazil ikleliswe endaweni yokuqala ekukhiqizweni nasekuthunyelweni komhlaba kwekhofi, ushukela, inyama yenkomo, izinkukhu, ujusi wamawolintshi nogwayi, kanye nenombolo yesibili kubhontshisi wesoya, ngemuva kwe-United States. Ukukhiqizwa kwale mikhiqizo ezothunyelwa ngaphandle - ikakhulukazi, izinkomo nesoya - kuyisici esikhulu esibangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emvula yase-Amazon.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, i-agroindustry yase-Brazil - egqugquzelwa yi-Bunge ne-Cargill yamazwe ngamazwe (ene-Unilever, i-Nestlé, ne-ADM nayo ikleliswe phezulu) - ikhule kakhulu. Lawa maqembu abeke ukwesekwa kwawo okuphelele ngemuva kweBolsonaro. Naye, uthembise ukuthi lo mkhakha uzoqhubeka nokukhula, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Amazon, ngethemba lokuthi isidingo sempahla sizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho.

I-MST—egxiliswe ku-agro-ecology nasekulimeni okuncane ukuze kukhiqizele ukudla ezifundeni zendawo—sekuyisikhathi eside kwacaca ukuthi ibhizinisi lezolimo liyisitha salo sangempela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi likhiqiza i-eucalyptus ukuze uthole i-pulp yephepha, umoba wokukhiqiza amafutha, isoyi, izinkomo, noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-monocrops. .

Esikhundleni somhlaba wokudla nemisebenzi yabasebenzi basendaweni basemapulazini, ompetha bebhizinisi lezolimo ngomshini, ukutshala okukodwa kanye nenzuzo yabaphathi eSao Paulo naseNew York. Lezi zitshalo zibukeka ziluhlaza, futhi zingase ziphese amandla okuthiwa azinzile kuma-biofuels, kodwa ziyizimboni ezenza izigidigidi zamarandi futhi ukwanda kwazo kududula abalimi abancane ezweni labo futhi kondle imililo e-Amazon. Ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zezwe zasePantanal nasemahlathini ase-Amazon ngokufanayo, iBolsonaro yasusa umthetho owawuvimbela ukutshalwa komoba, owawubekwe ukuze kunqandwe ukwanda kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kulezo zifunda.

Futhi impi eqhutshwa amabhizinisi ezolimo kanye nezikhulu ezinamandla kubalimi abancane ingabulala.

NgoNovemba 2018, inyanga ngemuva kokuwina kukaBolsonaro okhethweni, inkantolo yaseParaná yathola iSyngenta yaseSwitzerland agrochemical multinational. enecala ngokubulala ngo-2005 womholi we-MST oneminyaka engama-34 ubudala uValmir Mota de Oliveira. Ngokwemibiko, iSyngenta ibizama ngokungemthetho izitshalo eziguqulwe ngofuzo endaweni ehlala iMota de Oliveira nabanye abalimi abangenamhlaba. Umbutho wezokuphepha ozimele wakwaSyngenta uhlasele abalimi, kwashona uMota de Oliveira kwalimala abane.

Kwenziwa ubulungisa, kodwa kwathatha iminyaka engu-13, futhi kwakungelinye lamacala angandile anesinqumo. EBrazil, kubusa ukungajeziswa.

Ngosuku olulandela ukukhishwa ngoNovemba kwemindeni engama-700 emisebenzini yaseNyakatho Bahia, ilungu le-MST uGilvansilva Gilvan uthumele ividiyo kuFacebook wakhe emkhombisa ehamba emasimini emiphakathi ekade egcwele, manje enyathelwe kwabhidlizwa nezihlahla zikabhanana.

"Bheka ukuthi lo hulumeni wenzani nabalimi abancane," uGilvan utshela ikhamera. “Unamahektha angu-4,391 ezihlahla zezithelo ezicekeleke phansi.” Ukhomba emkhathizwe lapho ugandaganda uklebhula amasimu, ucekela phansi eminye imikhiqizo. “Amasimu kabhanana, amagwava, upopo, amazambane. Ugandaganda uyakunyathela konke.”

Uphakamisa ubhanana bese ecosha isixha sikabhanana, esiqukethe inqwaba kabhanana wezingane eziluhlaza.

“Yize izwe lethu libhekene nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, bangaphezu kuka-4,000 XNUMX abantu abahlala kule ndawo,” usho kanje. “Manje, konke kucekeleke phansi.”

UMichael Fox uyintatheli ezimele ye-multimedia ezinze eBrazil futhi owayengumhleli wephephandaba Umbiko we-NACLA kumaMelika. Uyabhala kuTwitter @mfox_us. Eminye imisebenzi yakhe ingatholakala kuye iwebhusayithi.

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