Encwadini yakhe yakamuva, I-Crack Capitalism, UJohn Holloway uphikisa ngokuthi 'akukho lutho olukhethekile ngokuba umguquli omelene nonxiwankulu', ukuthi empeleni ukuphikisana nobunxiwankulu kuyindaba yansuku zonke yezigidi zabantu eziphikisayo, yabantu abathi cha. Lesi sisho esithi 'cha' sitholakala ezenzweni zansuku zonke zabantu ababamba iqhaza ezenzweni ezingekho emthethweni wemakethe, into engahlobene nenani lezimali, emalini. Lezi zenzo kungaba ukutshala imifino endaweni yendawo, ukuhlela iklabhu yezincwadi, ukwakhiwa kwekhwaya ngoba uthanda ukucula. Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini eziningi, abantu badala amafomu amasha nsuku zonke ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukukhetha. 'Ukusebenza kwemakethe yonxiwankulu akusivumeli ukuthi siphile', kubhala u-Holloway, 'futhi sidinga ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokuphila'. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lezi ezinye izindlela azihlukile; abaphumanga kwejwayelekile. Ziyizo zansuku zonke. Akukho 'okuvame kakhulu', njengoba u-Holloway ekubeka, 'akukho okusobala kakhulu'.
Ngemva kokuchitha uLwesibili kusihlwa eCamp Sol, ikamu lababhikishi elithathe indawo emaphakathi eMadrid futhi elisenkabeni yenhlangano ye-15-M eSpain, ngikhunjuzwe amazwi ka-Holloway. Ngangiye ekamu ngiyokhuluma nabanye babantu abahililekile, abagqugquzeli balo mbutho, mayelana nemibono ngesenzo sabo, mayelana nokuthi bathathephi imibono yabo, lapho bethathe khona ugqozi lwabo, izindlela zabo. Ngabe, ekuqaleni, bagqugquzelwe yiCairo, yiTunis? Ezingeni lesibili, ingabe bebazi nge-Seattle 1999, yeGenoa 2001, yokulwa nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ngokuvamile, ngokuguquguquka kwembulunga yonke, mhlawumbe nokuphikisana nobunxiwankulu? Yiziphi izixhumanisi abazidweba ngokunyakaza okubanzi, okwedlule namanje? Ngabe babone noma yikuphi ukuxhumana noMeyi 1968, kanye neminye imibhikisho yesizukulwane noma ezimbili ezedlule? Mhlawumbe okuthakazelisa kakhulu, ingabe babethathe ugqozi lwabo ku-Subcomandante Marcos kanye nama-Zapatistas, kanye nokuvukela kwabo okufakwe ku-inthanethi ngokumelene ne-neo-liberal capitalism ngo-1994?
Ngangena eCamp Sol ohlangothini olusempumalanga, ohlangothini oluseduze kakhulu ne eCarretas indawo yokungena yeMetro - indawo engaphansi komhlaba lapha eMadrid - isembozo sayo sakusasa, esifakwe ingilazi esisebenze njengebhodi lezaziso elikhulu lezingqwembe namaphosta ekamu. Njengoba ngidlula kuleli dolobha elinamatende kulokhu, ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto lesibili lokuba khona kwalo kafushane kodwa okukhazimulayo, ngadlula endaweni manje ebukeka njengekhishi elisebenza ngokugcwele, ngadlula izitebele zamakomiti ahlukahlukene ezazisanda kumiswa, ezenziwe ngendlela yombukiso. - yenhlonipho, yengqalasizinda, yomakhelwane - bonke abanabasebenzi abakulungele ukunikeza ulwazi emphakathini, baphase umtapo wezincwadi osebenza ngokugcwele, lapho okwakubukeka njengamalungu eqembu elifundayo kwakuxoxa ngombhalo abawukhethile uzungezwe amashalofu ezincwadi agcwele izincwadi, yadlula inkundla yokunyathelisa egcwele amaphephandaba omhlaba ehlelelwe abantu ukuba bawafunde, yadlula indawo yobuciko lapho abantu bependa khona amabhanela amasha, iziqubulo ezintsha. Phezu kwemigwaqo ephithizelayo, isivakashi nomuntu odlulayo besagcwele amathafa, izimemezelo zinanela, zifinyelela ikamu lonke, ngohlelo olusebenza ngokugcwele, olucacile lwezinkulumo zomphakathi. Inani elimangalisayo lifinyelelwe lapha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, izinga elimangalisayo lokuzikhandla kanye nenhlangano yokwakha umphakathi osebenza ngokugcwele, osebenziseka kalula, nozimele.
Ekugcineni, ngafika endaweni yokudayisa yekomiti yezokuxhumana, lapho ithimba labahleli bamakamu namavolontiya lalibuza ngenhlonipho umphakathi, izintatheli, nezifundiswa. Ikomidi langikhomba indlela a portavoz, omunye wabakhulumeli abaqokwe ngokusemthethweni be-15-M, ongakhuluma nami mayelana nokunyakaza, mayelana nemibono yayo kanye nogqozi. Kodwa-ke, kuyo yonke le mibuzo engenhla, umkhulumeli wami waphendula ngesineke wathi asikho esinye isisusa lapha, awukho omunye umbono - cha. i-theory – ngaphandle kokukhala nje okwanele. Ukuthi isimo esithile eSpain - amazinga obungacatshangwa bokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngokuvamile (21%) kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ikakhulukazi entsheni (44%), amazinga okubikwa ukuthi kuleli sonto i-OECD kuphela azothatha iminyaka eyi-15 ukuhlehla - bekungekona nje ukuziphatha okubi futhi okungenabulungiswa, kodwa okungalawuleki ngokuphelele kubo, ababhikishi. Ukuthi isizathu sokuba babe kulobu bubi akuhlangene nabo futhi konke kuhlobene nohlelo lwezimali olungasebenzi kahle, olukhohlakele. Lokho, empeleni, babengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokwenza lokho ababekwenza, ukubhikisha, ukusho 'cha'. Ukuthi i-Cairo ne-Tunis kwakungezona izindawo lapho abasekele khona umbhikisho wabo, kodwa izindawo abazizwa benobumbano kuzo. Ukuthi uMay 1968 akusho lutho kubo, kwakuwukulwa kwabazali babo, isizukulwane esasilondeke kakhulu futhi sinethezekile kunekusasa laso elalibonakala linjalo. Futhi mayelana namaZapatistas - ngubani ngamashumi bona, ngempela?
Ngamafuphi, umnyakazo wawulapha, eSol, ukanise ngaphansi kwelanga elingapheli okuqanjwe ngalo iPlaza, ngoba babengeke babe kwenye indawo. Babelapha ngoba kwakufanele babe lapha, ngoba ikusasa labo, ukuphila kwabo kwakusengozini. Babelapha ngoba akekho omunye owayezoba khona: alikho iqembu lezombusazwe elalibuza lokho ababekubuza; akekho usopolitiki owayephikisana ngalokho ababephikisana ngakho; asikho isikhungo sezombangazwe noma sezezimali ezweni lonke, e-Europe yonke, noma emazingeni omhlaba wonke esasisho lokho abakhempa eSol ababekushisekela ukukusho - ukuthi ukuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke kwakungelona iphutha labo, kodwa manje inkinga yabo kakhulu; ukuthi yona kanye leyo nhlekelele yayibashiye bengenalo ikhono lokuphila ukuphila isithunzi. Kodwa kuthiwani ngezindlela? Ngokuqinisekile izindlela zokunyakaza - i-imeyili, i-intanethi, izingosi zokuxhumana nabantu - zithathwe ekutadisheni ukunyakaza kwangaphambilini? Futhi impendulo yaba cha: akukaze kube nakanye kube nengxoxo yezindlela ngale ndlela ecashile ekuhleleni lo mnyakazo. Indlela abahlanganyeli be-15-M abahlele ngayo yindlela ababenza ngayo siphile: ku-inthanethi, okwamanje, kuxhunyiwe.
Ngahamba ngeyami okhulumela wazulazula waphindela ezindleleni ezigcwele enkanjini, waphinde wadlula abantu behlezi kosofa, abantu bayaxoxa, bayafunda, badlula emtapweni wolwazi futhi nebhulabhu yezincwadi, badlula ekhishini namavolontiya apheka ngaphandle kokuthola imali, badlula inkulisa, nezingane ezidlala ngamathoyizi anikelwe, zidlula amavolontiya afafaze amanzi apholile phezu kwawo wonke umuntu ukuze ehlise ukushisa, edlula abahlali basekhempini ababezipholele, bephila ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke, futhi, kungazelelwe, kwafika kimina - akukho okujwayelekile, akukho okusobala. Konke okwakwenzeka lapha, yonke into eyenza le nkambu isebenze, yaphuma ebhizinisini le nsuku zonke. Kwakungabantu, abantu abasha, abenza abakwenzayo emakamelweni okuhlala phezulu naphansi eSpain, kuwo wonke umhlaba othuthukile nosathuthuka. Kwakungabantu civil omunye komunye, nihloniphane, niphathane ngokuhlonipheka, ngokungabi nanzuzo kwezezimali, ngaphandle kwenzuzo yemali.
Yonke indawo wawuyibona: abapheki, abasebenzi basemtatsheni wezincwadi, ikomiti lezolwazi. Babefunani? Awu, futhi, babelapha, bekanise, ngoba bekumele babe lapha, ngoba akekho omunye ongaba lapha ngenxa yabo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngokusobala babefuna nokwenza ikamu lisebenze. Kwase kungene umzamo omkhulu wokuwenza usebenze. Kungani? Hhayi-ke, babefuna ukukhombisa - ngabo kusho, zabo umkhuba – impela kungani kwakufanele babe lapha, ngenxa yaziphi izizathu bekufanele ukuba lapha. Okusho ukuthi, babefuna ukukhombisa, ngokusebenzisa ukwenza, bekuyini ababelapha ukuzolwela, ukuvikela. Futhi lokho abakulwelayo yilokho okubonakala kakhulu ekamu: inhlonipho yansuku zonke nokuziphatha okuhle, ukucabangela abanye kanye nokubambisana, okuhambisana nokuphila okunesithunzi. Ukuze kucace: okuboniswayo lapha ukusebenzisana kwansuku zonke kwesintu, ukusebenzelana okwenzeka ngaphandle kwemakethe, kodwa ukusebenzelana okuminyanisa ngokwandayo yimakethe.
Ngamafuphi, i-Camp Sol iyimpilo yansuku zonke yabantu abavamile, nsuku zonke, abahloniphekile - impilo yansuku zonke manje esongelwa ngokujulile yinkinga yezimali - ichitheka ngokuhlanganyela emigwaqweni yaseYurophu ukuze bazivikele. Futhi lokhu kungamandla angempela alo mnyakazo. Yilokhu okwenza kuhluke. Yilokhu okwenza kube njalo evamile, kanjalo okusobala. I-Camp Sol iwukubonakaliswa okuhlangene kokukhuliswa komndeni, ukubambisana kwabangane: ukubonakaliswa kwesithunzi somuntu egameni lokulondoloza leso sithunzi. Futhi ababhikishi ngokwabo bayakwazi kahle lokhu: kwenye yezindlela zokuhamba ezinkulu zekamu, kulenga iphosta ephuzi ngokugqamile enamagama athwebula kahle lo muzwa: 'Mama! Esto es lo que me has enseñado! Gracias!' - 'Mama! Yilokhu ongifundise khona! Ngiyabonga!' Futhi, i-Camp Sol ayiqukethe lutho oluvame kakhulu, akukho lutho olusobala ukwedlula inkulumo ehlangene yalokho okusongelwa kakhulu: ukuhlonipheka, ukusebenzelana kwabantu. Yiqiniso, kusukela kulokhu, i-15-M yenze izimfuno ezicacile zikahulumeni lapha eSpain, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezo zidingo ziyalalelwa, noma zizwakala, into ephawulekayo yindlela eziye zachazwa ngayo, ngalokhu kuqhuma kokumelana okuhlangene.
Futhi, yiqiniso, ekugcineni, lena futhi indlela eyodwa yokuthi i-15-M enza ukuhambisana nokunyakaza kokumelana kweminyaka yakamuva. Ngo-1994, kwakunguMarcos kanye nabakwaZapatista abagqashuka emhlabeni bephikisana neNorth American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), iphakethe le-neoliberal lezinguquko zezomnotho ezasayinwa yizifundazwe eziyinhloko zaseNyakatho Melika. Futhi ucingo lwabo lokuhlangana lwalufana ncamashi: njengoba uMarcos asho ngo-'94, '¡Yebo basta!' - 'sekwanele vele'. Naye waphikisa ngokuthi babekhona, bebhikisha, eChiapas ezintabeni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico, ngoba babengeke babe kwenye indawo: umthelela we-NAFTA ungaqhubeka uphuce imiphakathi yendabuko yaseningizimu-mpumalanga, uyincishe nakakhulu izindlela zokuphila ngesithunzi. Babelapho ngokucacile egameni lokusinda, egameni lokuvikela isithunzi. Futhi, izindlela ababezisebenzisa kwakuyizo zabo kusho, hhayi izindlela zanoma yimuphi omunye umnyakazo. Izindlela zabo zaziyindlela yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabomdabu baseChiapas, hhayi omunye umuntu.
Namuhla, eSol, izindlela zokumelana nokusebenzelana kwansuku zonke kwentsha yaseSpain ezithola isisekupheleni kosongo lwezimali esithunzini sayo. Bona, njengamaZapatista, abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokumelana. Futhi nakuba izindlela zabo zingase zehluke, futhi ugqozi nemibono yabo ihlukene, ixhunywe yi lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi bayamelana. Ziyingxenye yalokho uMarcos akuchaza ngo-1996 'njengenethiwekhi yokumelana' - amaphuzu ahlukene kugridi, ahlangene ukumelana. Nakuba iwumhlaba ohlukile owawo emzabalazweni wesithunzi lapha eSpain, i-Camp Sol iwumhlaba owodwa 'emhlabeni wemihlaba eminingi kaMarcos…umhlaba ozabalazela isintu kanye ne-neoliberalism'. Lokhu, nokho, akuphazamisi ukubaluleka kwayo okukodwa: I-Camp Sol inokuthile okuyingqayizivele kakhulu okusifundisayo, isifundo sokuthi ukumelana ne-neo-liberalism akudingi uhlobo olusha lwezepolitiki, noma iNxele entsha, noma indlela entsha noma ithiyori. wokumelana, kodwa kunalokho okulula, okuyiqoqo - nokuhleleke ngendlela emangalisayo - ukubonakaliswa kwesithunzi somuntu okumele enze okuthile, yini, ukuze sisinde enhlekeleleni ecekela phansi ukuqhubeka nokuba khona kwayo.
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