Umthombo: TomDispatch.com
Emasontweni amabili, mina nozakwethu kwakufanele sihambe eSan Francisco siye eReno, Nevada, lapho sizochitha khona izinyanga ezintathu ezizayo sigxile okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-2020. Njengoba senzile ngo-2018, sizobe sisebenzisana ne-UNITE-LAPHA, inyunyana yezimboni zezihambi, kulokhu kuphela emkhankasweni wokukhipha uDonald Trump esikhundleni.
Manje, nokho, asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kufanele sihambe. Ngokwemininingwane ilungiselelwe i-White House Coronavirus Task Force, iNevada iphakathi kwezifundazwe "ezisendaweni ebomvu" uma kukhulunywa ngamacala omabili aqinisekisiwe, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqondile kwe-Covid-19. Ngineminyaka engu-68. Umlingani wami uneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, unomlando we-pneumonia. Sobabili siyasebenza futhi sifanelekile (uma ngingekho ukukhuphuka emikhawulweni), kodwa iminyaka yethu isenza sibe namathuba amaningi okuthi, uma sibamba i-coronavirus, sigule kakhulu noma sife. Lokho kunikeza umuntu ikhefu.
Bese kuba neqiniso lokuthi uJoe Biden ubonakala ene- ukuhola okunamadijithi amabili phezu kukaTrump kuzwelonke futhi okungenani i ngamaphuzu ayisishiyagalombili eNevada, ngokwezinhlolovo zakamuva. Uma izinto zibukeka eduze, bengingathatha ngenjabulo ubungozi obungathi sรญna ukuze ngixoshe lowo mlisa e-White House. Kodwa ingabe kunengqondo ukwenza kanjalo uma iBiden isivele iwina lapho? Noma, ukuyibeka ku-coronavirus-speak, ngabe umsebenzi wethu ungabalulekile ekulahleni uTrump?
Umsebenzi Obalulekile?
Le mpikiswano encane yomuntu siqu ingenze ngacabanga ngendlela ubhubhane oludalule ngayo imibono ethile ejulile nengahloliwe mayelana nemvelo kanye nenani lomsebenzi e-United States.
Emakilasini ezimiso zokuziphatha engiwafundisa abenza iziqu ekolishi lapha eSan Francisco, sivame ukukhuluma ngomsebenzi. Izimiso zokuziphatha, empeleni, zimayelana nendlela okufanele siphile ngayo izimpilo zethu - futhi umsebenzi, okhokhelwayo noma ongakhokhelwa, wenza ingxenye enkulu yalezo zimpilo eziningi. Nakanjani, ingxoxo ifika esinxephezelweni: Bafanele abantu abangakanani ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi? Abafundi bavame ukukala isinxephezelo esifanelekile ngezikali ezimbili. Mingaki iminyaka yokuqeqeshwa kanye/noma amadola okufunda isisebenzi okufanele siyitshale ukuze โsiwufanelekeleโ umsebenzi? Futhi ubaluleke kangakanani umsebenzi waleso sisebenzi kuwo wonke umphakathi?
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kufike i-coronavirus, abafundi babevame ukuhlala kodokotela njengabaphezulu kunoma yisiphi isikali. Umsebenzi wodokotela yiwona obaluleke kakhulu, bangaphikisana, ngoba basigcina siphila. โHmmโฆโ ngingathi. โBangaki kini abayile kudokotela namuhla?โ Ngokuvamile kwakungaphakanyiswa sandla. โBangaki kini abadle okuthile namuhla?โ Zonke izandla zaziphakama, lapho abafundi bebukana ekamelweni. โMhlawumbe,โ ngingasikisela, โumphakathi osebenzayo uncike kakhulu ezisebenzini zasemapulazini ezitshala futhi zivune ukudla kunodokotela ovame ukubabona ukuze bayohlolwa kanye ngonyaka. Ingasaphathwa eyabantu abalungisayo baphinde bapakishe esikudlayo.โ
Ngingaphinde ngiveze ukuthi abasebenzi abakhetha noma abagaya ukudla kwethu abanamakhono ngempela. Umsebenzi wabo, njengokadokotela ohlinzayo, uncike ekunyakazeni kwezandla okuhlakaniphile, okusheshayo, okuthuthukiswa iminyaka eminingi.
Kwesinye isikhathi, kulezi zingxoxo, ngingaphakamisa imethrikhi ehlukile yesinxephezelo: mhlawumbe kufanele sigcine inkokhelo ephezulu kakhulu yabantu imisebenzi yabo ibalulekile futhi iyingozi. Ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, leso sigaba besingeke sifake abasebenzi abaningi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo futhi hhayi odokotela abaningi. Nokho, noma kunjalo, kwakuyohlanganisa abasebenza emapulazini nabantu abasebenza ngaphakathi izitshalo zokucubungula inyama. Njengoba sesibonile, kulezi zinyanga yibona kanye abantu abanjalo - abavame ukuvela kwamanye amazwe, ababhalwe phansi noma ngenye indlela - abaye bathwala ezinye zezingozi ezimbi kakhulu zokuvezwa kwegciwane emsebenzini.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho kwase kusobala ukuthi izitshalo zokupakisha inyama zaziyizindawo ezinkulu zokutheleleka nge-Covid-19, umongameli. encengelwe Umthetho Wokukhiqiza Wezokuvikela ukuze uwagcine evuliwe noma kunjalo. Lokhu akusho nje ukuthi abasebenzi abesaba ukungena kuzona bangakwazi ukukhokhela izinkokhelo zokungasebenzi, kodwa noma ngabe abanikazi bezindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi kangaka bafuna ukuzivala, banqatshelwe ukwenza lokho. Maphakathi noJuni, bangaphezu kuka-24,000 abapakisha inyama wayehlolwe ukuthi une-positive yegciwane. Futhi bahola malini laba basebenzi ababalulekile nabasengozini enkulu? Ngokuvumelana ne I-Bureau of Labor Statistics yase-US, cishe i-$ 28,450 ngonyaka - ingcono kuneholo elincane, okungukuthi, kodwa lingahlali phezulu engulube (ngisho noma yilokho abakwenzayo).
Ungase ucabange ukuthi abasebenzi basemapulazini bazovikeleka kakhulu egciwaneni kunama-meatpackers, mhlawumbe ngoba basebenzela ngaphandle. Kodwa njengoba New York Times ine kubika: โAbavuni bezithelo nemifino basebenza kanzima besondelene emasimini, bagibele amabhasi ihlombe nehlombe, futhi balala ezindlini eziminyene noma kuma-trailer nezinye izisebenzi noma izizukulwane ezimbalwa zemikhaya yabo.โ
Akumangazi-ke, ukuthi i-coronavirus ine, njengoba kunjalo Times Umbiko ukubeka, "idlangile" imiphakathi yabasebenzi basemapulazini abafudukayo eFlorida futhi isiqala ukwenza okufanayo ezweni lonke kuze kube sekufeni. empumalanga ye-Oregon. Labo basebenzi, ababeka izimpilo zabo engcupheni ngokuchayeka kubhubhane kuphela kodwa nasezingozini ezejwayelekile ezifana nezibulala-khula nezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze sidle, zenza ngaphansi kwama-meatpackers: ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansi kwama- $26,000 ngonyaka.
Uma umongameli esebenzisa i-Defence Production Act ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bokudla bahlala emisebenzini yabo, kuveza ukuthi umsebenzi wabo ubaluleke kangakanani kithi sonke. Ngokufanayo, njengoba imiyalo yokuvala umnyango igcine emakhaya labo abangakwazi ukuhlala, noma abangenakuzikhethela ngoba abasenayo imisebenzi abangaya kuyo, ubhubhane seluveze ukubaluleka kokusebenza kweqembu elikhulu labasebenzi asebesekhaya. (noma ezindlini zabanye abantu noma ezikhungweni zokunakekela abantu abadala): labo abanakekela izingane kanye nalabo abanakekela abantu abadala nabakhubazekile abadinga usizo lwabasizi bezempilo.
Lo msebenzi, ngokomlando owenziwa ngabesifazane, ngokuvamile ubungakhokhelwa uma isisebenzi siyilungu lomndeni futhi singaholi kahle uma senziwe uchwepheshe. Izisebenzi zokunakekela izingane, ngokwesibonelo, ziyahola Ngaphansi kwe-$ 24,000 unyaka ngokwesilinganiso; abasizi bezempilo basekhaya, ngaphezu kwaleyo mali.
Umsebenzi Wabesifazane
Uma ngikhuluma ngomsebenzi wabesifazane, ngisola ukuthi i-coronavirus kanye nenkinga yezomnotho ekhona kungenzeka ukuthi ithinte izimpilo zabesifazane ngezindlela ezizohlala okungenani isizukulwane, uma kungenjalo.
Abantu besigaba esiphakathi ababelwela amalungelo abesifazane ngawo-1970 bakhulela e-United States lapho kwakulindeleke ukuba bashade futhi bachithe izinsuku zabo benakekela umuzi, umyeni, nabantwana babo. Amadoda ayengabakhi. Abesifazane โbabengabanikazi bamakhaya.โ Umsebenzi wabo wacatshangelwa - ngisho nayizazi zezomnotho ze-Marxist - "okungakhiqizi," ngoba kubonakala sengathi akuzange kube neqhaza emnothweni wangempela, indawo lapho inqwaba yamawijethi ikhiqizwa, ithuthwa futhi ithengiswe. Bekuqabukela kuqashelwe ukuthi ubaluleke kangakanani lo msebenzi ongakhokhelwa emkhakheni wokuzalanisa umphakathi emnothweni osebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwayo, izisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo bezingeke zondliwe, zinakekelwe, futhi zilungiswe ngokomzwelo ukuze zibuyele kolunye usuku lokwenza amawijethi. Abasebenzi bakusasa bebengeke baxoxisane nabo impilo yonke yokukhiqiza noma yokukhiqiza kabusha, njengoba kusho ubulili babo.
Namuhla, njengoba kunabesifazane abaningi kangaka abasebenza ngokukhokhelwa, omningi walo msebenzi wokukhiqiza umphakathi usukhishwe yilabo abangakwazi ukukhokhela abazanyana, abasebenzi basenkulisa, abasizi bezempilo, abahlanzi bezindlu, noma izisebenzi ezikala futhi zipakishe izithako. okwe amakhithi okudla ukulungiselelwa abanye besifazane abasebenzayo uma befika ekhaya.
Sasingakwazi ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa inkathi yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho abantu abanjengami bekhula, yayiyingqayizivele emlandweni wase-United States. Esikhathini esifushane sekhulu leminyaka, ngisho nemindeni yabasebenzi yayingafisa ukuba nelungiselelo lokuthi amadoda aye emsebenzini futhi abesifazane bahlale endlini. Inhlanganisela yezinyunyana eziqinile, ukukhula komnotho kwangemva kwempi, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umholo omncane womondli wawugcina amaholo aphezulu ngokwanele ukuze ondle imikhaya enomuntu omdala oyedwa kuphela osebenza kanzima. Amasosha abuyayo aya ekolishi futhi athenga izindlu ngoMthetho Wokulungiswa Kwezisebenzi zika-1944, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Servicemen's Readjustment Act. I-GI Bill. Izinhlelo ze-New Deal ezifana nokuphepha komphakathi kanye nomshwalense wokungasebenzi zisize ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wasekhaya.
Nokho, maphakathi nawo-1970, le nkathi yegolide kwabesilisa, uma kungebona abesifazane, yayishabalala. (Yiqiniso, kubantu abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika kanye namanye amaqembu ancishwe amathuba, bekuvele kuyinkathi yegolide leziwula.) Amaholo angempela amile futhi aqala ukwehla kwawo isikhathi eside, okuqhubekayo. Umholo wanamuhla omncane wombuso, ongu-$7.25 ngehora, awushintshile kusukela ngo-2009 (into okungeke kushiwo ngayo umcebo we ibe 1%). Kunokuba ondle umndeni wabantu abane, ezindaweni eziningi zezwe, ngeke kugcine ngisho noyedwa umuntu entanta.
Owakhethwa njengomongameli ngo-1980, uRonald Reagan wamemezela enkulumweni yakhe yokuqala, โUhulumeni akasona isixazululo senkinga yethu, uhulumeni uyinkinga.โ Wabe eseqala ukuhlakaza izinhlelo zikaMongameli uLyndon Johnson zeMpi Yendlala, ehlasela izinyunyana ebezikade ziwumgogodla wokuchuma kwabasebenzi abamhlophe, futhi ngokuvamile. silambe isilo kahulumeni. Sisaphila namafa aleyo credo, isibonelo, i inkinga yezindlu uqale wathinta ngokususa umthetho izikhungo zokonga nokuboleka imali kanye nokuqeda amandla uMnyango wezeZindlu nokuThuthukiswa kwamaDolobha.
Akuyona ingozi ukuthi, njengoba amaholo angempela ayehla, abaphathi bakamongameli bazo zombili izinhlangothi baqala ukuncoma ubuhle bomsebenzi okhokhelwayo wabesifazane - okungenani uma labo besifazane benezingane futhi bengenandoda. Usizo Emindenini Enezingane Ezithembele (โinhlalakahleโ) kwakungolunye uhlelo Lwesivumelwano Esisha, ekuqaleni olwaluklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwemali kwabesifazane abangabafelokazi abakhulisa izingane bebodwa ngesikhathi lapho umsebenzi omncane okhokhelwayo wawutholakala kwabesifazane abamhlophe.
Ngawo-1960, amaqembu afana ne- Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yamalungelo Ezenhlalakahle waqala ukugqugquzela ukuthi izinzuzo ezifanayo zinwetshwe kwabesifazane Abamnyama abakhulisa izingane. (Njengommeli wamalungelo ezenhlalakahle wake wangibuza, โKungani kulungile ukuthi umuntu wesifazane abheke a indoda ukusiza izingane zayo, kodwa hhayi The Umuntu?โ) Akumangalisi ukuthi kwaze kwaba yilapho abesifazane abaNsundu nabaseLatina beqala ukuthola amalungelo afanayo nodadewabo abamhlophe lapho inhlalakahle yaba โinkingaโ edinga โinguquko.โ
Maphakathi nawo-1990, iqiniso lokuthi abanye besifazane abaNsundu babethola imali kuhulumeni kuyilapho bengenzi umsebenzi okhokhelwayo kumqashi lase lahlelwa kabusha ngempumelelo njengenhlekelele yezwe. Ngaphansi kukaMongameli weDemocratic Alliance uBill Clinton, iCongress yaphasisa uMthetho Wokuzibophezela Komuntu kanye Nokubuyisana Komsebenzi ka-1996, umthethosivivinywa owawubizwa ngokuthi โukuguqulwa kwezenhlalakahle.โ Ngemuva kwalokho, uma abesifazane befuna usizo ku-Man, kwakufanele sisebenzele - hhayi ngokunakekela izingane zabo, kodwa ngokunakekela izingane zabo futhi ukubamba imisebenzi yamaholo amancane.
Ingabe Izingane Zilungile?
Kuyaxaka-ke ukuthi abazukulu bamafeminists ababethi abantu besifazane kumele bazikhethele ukuthi bayawufuna yini umsebenzi noma cha bafike babhekane nomnotho lapho abesifazane, okungenani abangaphumanga emindenini ecebile, babengenakho ukukhetha. mayelana nokusebenzela iholo.
Ubhubhane lungakushintsha lokho, noma kunjalo - hhayi ngendlela enhle. Esinye sezimfuno ezingafezekanga zenkululeko yabesifazane yama-1970 kwaba ukunakekelwa kwamahhala kwezingane emhlabeni wonke. Iphupho elingenakwenzeka, akunjalo? Izwe lalingakwazi kanjani ukuthenga into enjalo?
Nokho, ima kancane. Kuthiwani ngeSweden? Banokunakekelwa kwezingane kwamahhala. Kungakho umngane wami waseSweden, ummeli wamalungelo abantu, nomyeni wakhe waseMelika owayenomsebenzi ongandile wasenyuvesi eSan Francisco, bakhetha ukuthatha izingane zabo ezimbili babuyele eSweden. Ukukhulisa izingane kulula kakhulu lapho. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-second-wave feminism, abanye abaqashi abakhulu baze bakhela izikhungo zokunakekela abasebenzi abanezingane. Lezo zinsuku, ngokudabukisayo, sezadlula kudala.
Manje, esikhathini se-Covid-19, abaqashi sebeqala ukubona izinzuzo ezingezona eziwubhubhane zokuba nabasebenzi basebenze ekhaya. (Kungani ungenzi abasebenzi bazinikeze ifenisha yabo yasehhovisi? Kulula kakhulu ukuthethelela uma besebenza ekhaya. Futhi kungani ukhokhela irenti kubo bonke leyo mpahla lapho bebaningi kangaka abantu abambalwa ehhovisi?) Nakuba izinkampani zizozuza ngezindleko ezincishisiwe zengqalasizinda futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho iholo elincishisiwe kubasebenzi abathuthela ezindaweni ezishibhile, abasebenzi abanezingane bazobhekana nenkinga. Njengoba kungekho ukunakekelwa kwezingane okutholakalayo esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo kanye neziphakamiso zokuvulwa kabusha kwezikole (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini umongameli usongela), kuzomele umuntu abuke izingane. Othile - mhlawumbe endabeni yezithandani ezithandana nobulili obuhlukile, umuntu osevele ehola kancane - uzoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokunciphisa noma ukuyeka umsebenzi okhokhelwayo ukuze enze umsebenzi omdala ongakhokhelwa (kodwa obalulekile) wokukhulisa isizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi umuntu uzoba ngubani futhi, ngaphandle kwalawo maholo, ngiyazibuza futhi ukuthi imindeni izohlupheka kangakanani kwezomnotho ezikhathini ezinzima.
Uyajabula Ngokuthola Umsebenzi?
Muva nje, komunye umhlangano we-Zoom, omunye uthisha wasenyuvesi (obesanda kuphazanyiswa ukusiza ingane ukuthi ithole ithoyizi elibalulekile) ubexoxa ngemizamo yabaphathi yokukhipha imvume kubuhlakani nabasebenzi. Ngethuka lapho ngimuzwa enezela, โYebo, ngibonga ukuthi banginike umsebenzi.โ Lokhu kungenze ngacabanga ngemisebenzi kanye nokubonga - nokuthi yikuphi ukubonga okufanele kugeleze. Kimina kubonakala sengathi lolu bhubhane kanye nobhubhane lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi olulandela ngemuva kwalo kuqinise inkolelo evamile kodwa engamanga eyabiwa ngabasebenzi abaningi: umbono wokuthi kufanele sibonge kubaqashi bethu ngokusinika imisebenzi.
Kukaningi sitshelwa ukuthi izinkampani kanye nezikhulu eziziholayo zingabasunguli bemisebenzi. Emthonjeni wokusizakala kwabo kugeleza isithunzi somsebenzi kanye nazo zonke izinzuzo ezilethwa umsebenzi. Ngempela, njengoba le nganekwane ihamba, amabhizinisi awakhiqizi amawijethi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ngisho nembuyiselo yabaninimasheya. Umkhiqizo wabo wangempela yimisebenzi. Njengamanga amaningi onxiwankulu, umqondo wokuthi abasebenzi kufanele babonge abaqashi babo uhlehlisa indaba yangempela: ngaphandle kwabasebenzi, bekungeke kube khona izinhlelo zokusebenza, amawijethi, akukho mbuyiselo yabanikazi bamasheya. Umzamo wethu, ikhono lethu, ukukhuthala kwethu okunikeza umsebenzi isithunzi sawo. Kungase kube isisho sakudala, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwalokho ukuthi: umsebenzi kudala yonke ingcebo. Ingcebo ayidali lutho - noma amawijethi, noma imisebenzi.
Ngibonga umhlaba wonke ngokuba nomsebenzi ongivumela ukuba ngikhulume nentsha ngezindinganiso zayo ezijulile ngesikhathi ezimpilweni zayo lapho ithola nje ukuthi ibaluleke ngani, kodwa angimbongi umqashi wami wasenyuvesi ngokunginikeza ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. engikhokhelwa kancane, engingabalulekile umsebenzi. Ukubonga kufanele kugijimele kwelinye icala. Ngaphandle kobuhlakani, abasebenzi, nabafundi ibingeke ibe khona inyuvesi. Umsebenzi wethu odala ingcebo, kulokhu ingcebo (encane) yolwazi.
Kusukela ngoJulayi 16, phakathi nenhlekelele ye-Covid-19, 32 abayizigidi ezingu Abantu baseMelika bathola uhlobo oluthile lwenzuzo yokungasebenzi. Leyo nombolo ayibonisi ngisho nabantu abasebenza amahora ancishisiwe ngokuzithandela, noma labo abawenza angikwazanga ukufaka isicelo sezinzuzo. Into eyodwa kulula ukuyibikezela: abaqashi bazosebenzisa ithuba lesidingo esikhulu sabantu semali ukuze bafune umsebenzi owengeziwe ukuze bathole amaholo amancane. Kuze kube yilapho sekutholakala umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus osebenzayo, lindela ukubona ukuvela kohlelo olunezigaba ezintathu lokungeniswa kwabasebenzi: izisebenzi ezibalulekile ezihola kancane okufanele zihambe ekhaya ziyokwenza imisebenzi yazo, zizibeka engcupheni enkulu kule nqubo, kuyilapho thina bonke bathembele kubo ukuze bathole ukudla; abantu abakhokhelwa kangcono abasebenza kanzima ekhaya, kodwa abaqashi babo bayolindela ukuthi amahora abo okutholakala ayanda ukuze agcwalise usuku lokuvuka; nezisebenzi zasendlini ezihola kancane noma ezingakhokhelwa, iningi lazo okungabesifazane, abagcina bonke abanye bondlekile, bembethe, futhi beduduzwa.
Noma ekugcineni ubhubhane seluphela, kunengozi yokuthi uhlobo oluthile olushintshiwe lwalolu hlelo olusha lokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi lungaba nenzuzo enkulu ukuthi abaqashi bangaluyeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushaya inkinobho kazwelonke yokumisa isikhashana, nokho kabuhlungu, kunganikeza thina sonke ithuba lokucabanga kabusha ngezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa indawo yokusebenza, ekhokhelwayo nengakhokhelwa, ezimpilweni zethu.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe mina nozakwethu sizobhekisa amabombo eReno emasontweni ambalwa? Impela, umsebenzi wokuxosha uDonald Trump ubalulekile. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi idlanzana lezalukazi ezimhlophe zingabasebenzi ababalulekile ngesikhathi se-Covid-19.
Rebecca Gordon, a TomDispatch Njalo, ufundisa eNyuvesi yaseSan Francisco. Ungumbhali we I-Nuremberg yaseMelika: Amaphoyisa ase-United States Okufanele Amelele Ukulingana Nge-Post-9 / 11 Impi Yempi futhi manje usebenzela incwadi entsha yomlando wokuhlushwa e-United States.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela