Ngicelwe ukuthi ngiphawule ngombuzo othi “ukuthi uMengameli uHugo Chavez waseVenezuela uyingozi yini ekuzinzeni kwesifunda nokuthi abamgxekayo, okuhlanganisa nokuphatha kukaBush, kufanele baphendule kanjani.” Lokhu kulula.

Umuntu angase avumelane noma angavumelani nanoma yimiphi imigomo noma izitatimende zikaMongameli Chavez, kodwa umqondo wokuthi yena noma uhulumeni wakhe ubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwesifunda uyahlekisa. Eqinisweni, impikiswano enengqondo kakhulu ingenziwa yokuthi uhulumeni wakhe ube nesandla ekusimamiseni isifunda.

Lokhu ikwenze ngokusebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 zamaRandi ukuze isebenze njengombolekisi wendlela yokugcina, futhi ihlinzeke ngezinye izinhlobo zosizo lwezezimali emazweni kuso sonke isifunda. Yilokhu i-International Monetary Fund okwakusolwa ukuthi yakwenza esikhathini esidlule kodwa cishe ayizange ikwenze. Kubaluleke kakhulu manje ukuthi i-Latin America idlula oguqukweni olukhulu lomlando, lapho ohulumeni bangakwesokunxele manje bengamele cishe ingxenye yesibalo sabantu bakulesi sifunda.

I-Latin America iphuma esikhathini eside sezinqubomgomo zokuguqula umnotho ezihlulekile, ezaziwa ngokuthi "i-neoliberalism" lapho, okuholele ekusebenzeni okubi kakhulu kokukhula komnotho eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100. Kusukela ngo-1980-2000, i-GDP yesifunda (isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya) ngomuntu ngamunye sikhule ngamaphesenti ayi-9, kanye namanye amaphesenti ama-4 ngonyaka wezi-2000-2005. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ikhule ngamaphesenti angama-82 emashumini amabili nje eminyaka kusukela ngo-1960-1980. Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukukhula okungakaze kubonwe eminyakeni engu-25 edlule, abavoti baye bafuna izinguquko emazweni amaningana, ahlanganisa i-Argentina, iBolivia, iBrazil, i-Ecuador, iNicaragua, ne-Uruguay.

IVenezuela iboleke i-Argentina imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zamaRandi, futhi yaboleka noma yabophezela amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi eBolivia, e-Ecuador, eNicaragua nakwamanye amazwe. Iphinde inikeze ngesikweletu somxhaso sikawoyela emazweni aseCaribbean, ngohlelo lwayo lwePetroCaribe, futhi inikeze nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zosizo emazweni angomakhelwane. Lezi zinsiza zihlinzekwa ngaphandle kwemibandela yenqubomgomo enamathiselwe - ngokungafani nezinye izizwe eziningi (i-IMF, iBhange Lomhlaba, I-Inter-American Development Bank) kanye nosizo lwamazwe amabili. Ngokuhlinzeka ngalezi zinsiza, iVenezuela isiza amanye amazwe ukuthi alethe izinqubomgomo zawo ukuze zihambisane nalokho abavoti abakufunayo, futhi yehlisa kakhulu usongo lwezinkinga zomnotho lapho senza kanjalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokhetho lwaseNicaragua ngoNovemba odlule, izikhulu zikahulumeni wase-US zenza izinsongo eziningi kubavoti balelo zwe ukuthi uma bekhetha uDaniel Ortega, bazohlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokunqanyulwa kwezikweletu, usizo, ngisho nemali abantu abaningi baseNicaragua abathembele ngayo ezihlotsheni zabo e-United States. Akukho nokukodwa kwalezi zinsongo osekwenziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iWashington iyazi ukuthi ngeke kube nalusizo futhi kungaphumeleli ukwenza kanjalo, njengoba iNicaragua izovele ithathele indawo imithombo yezimali elawulwa yi-US ngokuboleka okwengeziwe eVenezuela. Kunjalo naseBolivia, ekhulise kakhulu imali engenayo ye-hydrocarbon, futhi isesimweni esinamandla sokuxoxisana ngokwazi ukuthi inomboleki wamazwe ngamazwe ongeke azame ukuphazamisa i-ajenda yayo yezepolitiki yasekhaya. Umongameli omusha wase-Ecuador onenqubekela phambili, obhekene nenani lezimpi zezombusazwe ezibalulekile ukuze afeze izithembiso zakhe zokushintsha uhulumeni, izinqubomgomo ezisekela abampofu kanye nentuthuko, uqiniswa nokuba neVenezuela njengombolekisi. Ngenkathi uhulumeni wase-Argentina enquma ukuvalelisa ku-IMF ngoJanuwari ka-2006 ngokukhokha izikweletu zabo ezisele zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.9, imali ebolekiwe yaseVenezuela yamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5 yasiza lowo hulumeni ukuba agweme ukwehlisa izimali zakhe ezibekelwe emazingeni aphansi ngokuyingozi.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo nokunye, ukwesekwa kwezimali kweVenezuela kusiza abanye ohulumeni ukuthi bafeze izithembiso zabo kubavoti babo, ngaleyo ndlela banikele hhayi ekuzinzeni kuphela kodwa ekuqiniseni intando yeningi esifundeni. Usizo oluxhaswe yiWashington, ngokuphambene, luvame ukuba nomphumela ophambene - okuvusa "izibhelu ze-IMF," futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zezomnotho (isb. ukudangala kwe-Argentina ka-1998-2002), ngokuzama ukuphoqelela izinqubomgomo ezazingathandwa kakhulu futhi, njengoba siyazi manje. , inephutha ngokwezomnotho.

Akekho omunye uhulumeni esifundeni owamukela icala likaBush Administration lokuthi u-Chavez uyingozi ekuzinzeni kwesifunda - ngisho noMongameli u-Alvaro Uribe waseColombia, owabelana ngomngcele okhungethwe izingxabano ongamakhilomitha angu-1300 neVenezuela. Ngesikhathi u-Uribe ehlangana namalungu e-US Congress ngonyaka odlule, wenqaba ukugxeka uChavez - kubikwa ukuthi ngisho ngasese. Iningi lohulumeni baseLatin America nalo lasekela isicelo seVenezuela soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ngonyaka odlule, ngisho nangemva kokuba ebize uMongameli Bush ngokuthi “uDeveli” ku-UN, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu. ingcindezi ukuthi i-United States - umnotho wayo uphindwe izikhathi ezingama-67 kunowaseVenezuela - silethwe ukuzala phezu kwabo.

Yini okufanele i-Bush Administration yenze mayelana nokungeyona ingozi evela eVenezuela? Kungase kuqale ngokuvuma ukuthi akulungile ukweseka ukuketulwa umbuso kuka-April 2002 okwaketula uChavez. ICongress yase-US kufanele ibe nophenyo lwangempela lwalokhu kubandakanyeka, njengoba yenza ekuvukeleni umbuso okwakuxhaswe yi-US ngokumelene nohulumeni wentando yeningi waseChile ngo-1973, owahoxa. Imininingwane yolwazi. The amadokhumenti esinakho kuze kube manje mayelana nokuketulwa umbuso kweVenezuela okuvela eMnyangweni Wezwe kanye neCIA ikhombisa ukuthi iBush Administration ikhokhele abanye babaholi balo mbhikisho, yayinolwazi kusengaphambili ngakho, futhi yazama ukuyisiza ukuba iphumelele ngokuqamba amanga ngezenzakalo njengoba zenzeka. . Abaphathi baphinde basekela ngesinyenyela isiteleka sikawoyela esibi esazama ukuketula uhulumeni ngo-2002-2003, kanye namaqembu aphikisayo axhasa ngezimali ngo-2004 umzamo wokukhumbula owahluleka nangale kwawo. Eqinisweni, i-US Agency for International Development, okungafanele ibe inhlangano yomshoshaphansi, isaqhubeka nokuthela izigidi zamaRandi eVenezuela, eBolivia, nakwamanye amazwe ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi nabamukeli engeke ibadalule. Nalokhu kufanele kuvezwe esidlangalaleni.

 

 

UMark Weisbrot unguMqondisi-Jikelele Wesikhungo Socwaningo Lwezomnotho Nenqubomgomo, e-Washington, DC

 

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