Ukugxekwa okusabalele kwesitembu esithi "Memin Pinguin" esisanda kusakazwa yinkonzo yeposi yaseMexico kulungile ngokuphelele. Isitembu sibonisa uhlobo oluqinile, olujwayeleke kakhulu lokucwasa ngokwebala. "Kuyinto enhle okwenzekile," kuphawula uRon Wilkins, isishoshovu esiMnyama, uthisha kanye nomthwebuli wezithombe e-Santa Monica ovame ukuvakashela amadolobhana ase-Afro-Mexican oGwini oluseNtshonalanga. Leyo mizana yahlaliswa yinzalo yabantu base-Afrika abayizigqila abangaphezu kuka-200,000 XNUMX abalethwa eMexico yiSpain ngemva kokuNqoba. "Indaba yokucwasa kweMexico," kuqhubeka uWilkins, "iphakanyiswe, izwakala futhi icacile, kunanini ngaphambili."
Asikho isidingo sokufakazela ukuba khona kobandlululo lwaseMexico kubantu abanebala elimnyama lesikhumba, okuhlanganisa izigidi zabomdabu noma amaNdiya kanye nama-Afro-Mexican angaba ngu-50,000. Abasingathi abadumile ku-TV yaseMexico bayi-blonde (hhayi umbala ojwayelekile wezinwele empeleni). Imifanekiso Yempi Yokuzimela esuka e-Spain ayibonisi umbala omnyama wabaholi bayo abakhulu abafana no-Josรฉ Marรญa Morelos noma u-Gen. Vicente Guerrero. Ukuphika kobumnyama kukhona yonke indawo.
Inkinga ayigcini eMexico. I-Latin America inezizukulwane eziyizigidi eziyi-150 zabantu base-Afrika, abaphakamisa amazwi abo kancane kancane ezwenikazi lonke. Bonke badinga ukusekelwa kwethu. Singasho okufanayo ngeJapane, eRussia namuhla (nakuba ingekho eminyakeni engu-40 noma engu-50 edlule, lapho yamukela abantu base-Afrika baseMelika), kanye namanye amazwe.
Isitembu asishiya nombuzo. Ingabe kumane kuyisibonelo sokucwasa okungokomlando kokulwa nabaNsundu kwaseMexico okusekelwe kubukoloniyali baseSpain? Ingabe uhulumeni waseMexico ubelokhu elukhuthaza noma elubekezelela ubandlululo olunjalo?
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 nasekhulwini lama-20, izinkulungwane zabantu abaNsundu eTexas zabalekela ubugqila ngokubalekela emngceleni ziye eMexico. Irekhodi elilodwa libonisa abangu-4,000 bewela ngesikhathi esifushane. Abantu baseMexico babasiza ukuba bakhe amakoloni, abizwa ngokuthi ama-maroon, eMexico. Umuntu wase-Afro-Mexican owaziwa ngokuthi u-Yanga wahlela abantu baseMexico abahlomile ukuze bavikele amakoloni kubanikazi bezigqila abeza benethemba lokuthola "impahla yabo." Kunesithombe esibaziweyo esingamamitha angu-25 ukuphakama seYanga eVeracruz.
I-Mexico, eyayinenhlangano yokuqothula eholela uhulumeni ekuqedeni ubugqila ngemva nje kokukhululeka eSpain ngo-1821, yemukela abaNsundu abaphunyukile. Ngokwezincwadi eziningi ezishisekayo ekhaya ezibhalwe ababaleki, iMexico yayiyinkululeko: "Akekho uJim Crow lapha," "akekho osibiza ngokuthi sibi," "siyalingana nanoma ubani omunye lapha." Incwadi kaProf. Gerald Horne ethi BLACK AND BROWN: African Americans and the Mexican Revolution igcwele ukuphawula okunjalo kanye nemibiko yeminyaka yangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I yezinhlelo zama-US Blacks zokuletha abantu abaningi base-Afrika baseMelika (20,000 esimweni esisodwa) ukuze baxazulule. eMexico, ngokusekelwa uhulumeni waseMexico.
Ungakuchaza kanjani ukungqubuzana okusobala phakathi kwalokho kwamukelwa kanye nesitembu sanamuhla esithi "Memin"? Incazelo eyodwa okungenzeka ukuthi ubudlelwano obuhlukile phakathi kweMexico ne-United States ngezikhathi ezihlukene emlandweni kungenzeka bubeke isimo sengqondo saseMexico ngabansundu. Phakathi neNguquko yaseMexico yango-1910-17, isibonelo, ubudlelwano baseMexico ne-US babuntengantenga. "Abantu abaningi base-Afrika kuyo yonke i-hemisphere baxoshwa ukuba bajoyine iMexico futhi babangele umonakalo esisekelweni sobukhosi abamhlophe: i-United States," njengoba uGerald Horne esitshela. Ngokudlula kwabaholi be-Revolutionary, iMexico ngokwayo yalahlekelwa enye ye-humanism yayo enengqondo. Yaqala ukubheka kakhulu eNtshonalanga njengomthombo wenqubekelaphambili futhi yamukela amanani ase-US ngezindlela ezintsha. Lokhu bekungavula umnyango wezithombe zase-US zobandlululo ezifana noMemin.
Konke lokho kuwukuqagela, futhi kulindele ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, singabona ngokugculiseka ukuthi uMongameli wase-Mexico uFox ngeke abe nesigxivizo (esidayiswe saphela) siphrintwe kabusha ukuze sisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Wasabela kahle embhikishweni. Singamcela ukuthi asebenzise ihhovisi lakhe ukuze avimbele ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwezincwadi zamahlaya ze-Memin.
I-Mexico ibilokhu ivikela isitembu sika-Memin esisekelwe esikweni lensizwa encane ehlekisayo, ethandekayo esihlekisa ngemigilingwane yakhe. Cela iMexico ukuthi ikhumbule isiko elihlukile: elokuqeda ubugqila eminyakeni engama-40 ngaphambi kwe-US, lokusiza izinkulungwane zezigqila ukuba zibaleke futhi zizamukele njengabantu abagcwele. Vikela isiko, kodwa omelene nokucwasaโhhayi isiko lokucwasa.
Ake, lapha e-United States, sikhumbule ukuthi sonke singabahlali baseNyakatho yobukhosi, esebenzise futhi yahlukumeza iMexico nabantu bayo okungenani iminyaka eyi-150. Khona-ke, singenza kahle uma sikhuluma nabantu baseMexico ngobandlululo lwabo ngomzamo othile wokungazwakali bebakhulu. Yebo kufanele sikhombise ukuthi yini engalungile ngoMemin. Kodwa cabangela iqiniso lokuthi elithi "negra" lisetshenziswa njalo abantu baseMexico (nabanye abantu baseLatin America) njengegama lothando elifana ne "Honey," okuyinto engenakucatshangwa e-US Indaba ilula kokubili (ukucwasa ubuhlanga) futhi iyinkimbinkimbi (hhayi nje inkinga emnyama/emhlophe eMexico).
Kubaluleke kakhulu kumaLatinos ase-US agxeka isitembu, njengoba kufanele, agxeke ubandlululo oluqhubekayo olubhekiswe kubantu abamnyama kuleli zwe ngentukuthelo engaka. Masiqinisekise umzabalazo wethu ngokuhlanganyela ngokumelene namandla, amandla amabi axhumanisa izimpilo zethu ngokujulile. Vumela umbhikisho wezitembu zase-Mexico usisize sakhe umfelandawonye oqinile onsundu omnyama, ungakhuthazi ukuhlukana okuqhubekayo.
Leso sitembu simele isitha esivamile phakathi kwaleli zwe. Cabanga ngawo wonke ama-stereotypes nezinye izithombe zobandlululo eziqondiswe kubantu bemibala lapha: abantu baseMexico abalele, i-bucktooth Chinaman, i-Savage Indian, yonke igalari ye-white supermacist. I-Memin ikhona yonke indawo. Singakukhohlwa njengoba sisebenzela ukwakha amandla ethu afanayo.
Okokugcina, kufanele sisekele umbhikisho wase-Afro-Mexican ophikisana nesitembu. Ungabhala noma uthumele i-imeyili ukwesekwa kwakho enhlanganweni ethumele incwadi esemthethweni yombhikisho kuMongameli Fox. Buza ukuthi ungasiza kanjani.
Juan Angel Serrano Mariche, President Comitรฉ Mรฉxico Negro AC Biblioteca Tercera Raiz El Ciruelo Pinotepa Nacional Oaxaca, MEXICO I-imeyili: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Ngiyabonga nonke.
U-Elizabeth (Betita) Martinez ungumbhali waseChicana, isishoshovu kanye nothisha osesebenze iminyaka engama-50 ukusiza ukwakha umphakathi oguquguqukayo. Osenesikhathi eside emelene nokucwasa ngokwebala, njengamanje uqondisa i-Institute for MultiRacial Justice e-San Francisco esekela ukwakhiwa komfelandawonye phakathi kwabantu bemibala. Usanda kuqokwa njengomunye we "1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize 2005."
i-portside (uhlangothi lwesobunxele ngolimi lwasolwandle) iyisevisi yezindaba, yezingxoxo kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano yamaKomidi Lezincwadi Ezibhalelana Ngentando Yeningi Nenhlalakahle. Ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo kubantu abangakwesokunxele.
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