Entanyeni yakhe, nsuku zonke, ugqoka isitsha sengilazi esincane, esingengaphezu kwenhlamvu, i-pedent yohlobo. Uma elunywa, ingilazi ephukile izophula isikhumba esingaphakathi emlonyeni wakhe. Lokhu kubuhlungu, yebo, kodwa kuwumthwalo wempahla kuphela. Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwe-vial, umthamo obulalayo we-cyanide uqala ukungena egazini. Esikhathini esingangemizuzwana eyisikhombisa, wayesefile. Ukufa kuwumsebenzi, isiphetho esingcono kunokuthunjwa.[i] Lena impilo ye-Tamil Tiger. Ingabe lokhu kungaba amalungelo abantu? Ukufela ukholo kwezempi kumane kuyi-caricaturization yenhlangano yokumelana neTamil. Nokho kuyinkomba yendlela yamaqembu abashokobezi asebenzisa amasu obushokobezi nezinye izinhlobo zodlame lwezepolitiki lapho ukuhlonishwa kwabantu kuba yisinqumo esingaxoxiswana, esibalulekile.
Impikiswano ngalolu daba ivame ukuthatha izinhlangothi ezimbili: olunye lugomela ngokuthi ukuphila komuntu akufanele nanini kube wusizo kunoma yiziphi izimo; omunye ethi ukuphumelela kwamalungelo abantu kungase kudinge ukusetshenziswa kodlame lwezombangazwe ngendlela engokoqobo. Omunye ungqondongqondo ngesihloko, uMohandas Gandhi, wasungula uhlelo I-Satyagraha egcizelela ukubaluleka kwezindlela ekuphishekeleni iqiniso. Lesi sikhundla sithathwe esiphethweni sokuthi isenzo somuntu siwukuphela kwengxenye elawulekayo yokuphila komuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindlela eziphelele nezindlela ziwukuphela kwendlela eqinisekisiwe yokufinyelela eziphethweni eziphelele. Ngokusobala kulo mbono, isu lodlame lwezepolitiki elephula amalungelo linamathuba amancane okufeza iziphetho zamalungelo abantu. Nokho, labo ababona umqondo wamalungelo abantu njengethuluzi lezombangazwe okumelwe libalwe futhi lilinganiswe abaneliseki ngokuphelele ngokuphelela okunjalo kokuziphatha. Abacabangi abanjengoMichael Ignatieff esikhundleni salokho baye balondoloza isimo sengqondo 'sobubi obuncane' mayelana nokufeza izinjongo zamalungelo abantu. Izimpikiswano zabo zinenkolelo yokuthi umlando onyantisa igazi womzabalazo wamalungelo abantu ubungenakugwenywa futhi mhlawumbe udingekile. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi, amavukela-mbuso afuna ilungelo elithile, isibonelo ilungelo lokuzikhethela, angase adinge kuphela ukukhawulela izindlela zawo kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi angephuli imikhuba ethile (okungukuthi, okokugcina, ukungavikeleki komphakathi, ukuphathwa kweziboshwa, njll.) .[Ii]
Ngokucabangela la maphuzu, lesi sihloko sifuna ukuphendula ukuthi ngabe i-Tamil Tigers kufanele ngabe isebenzise ubudlova bezombangazwe njengendlela yokuzuza amalungelo eSri Lanka. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-athikili elandelayo izosekela umqondo oyinhloko wamalungelo abantu ovumela kuphela uchungechunge olungenalo ubudlova lwamasu - izindlela eziphelele futhi ziphetha ngokulingana nokuhlonishwa kwendawo yonke. Izimo zivame ukuba khona emaqenjini amancane lapho amasu angenalo udlame ebonakala engenathemba ngokumelene nesimo esicindezelayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela udlame lubonakala kuwukuphela kwendlela engenzeka yokunqoba izingqinamba ezingabekezeleleki. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuwukuhlola okufingqiwe kokumelana okungenabudlova namalungelo abantu. Amaqhinga angawahloniphi amalungelo abantu, ngaphandle nangaphakathi, ahluleka ukukhulisa amandla okubamba iqhaza, ubuningi bokudala, kanye nemigomo echazwe ngokulinganayo. Esikhundleni salokho, udlame lwezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi ubuphekula, lungaqinisekisa kuphela isimo sokungavikeleki, ukubukela phansi intuthuko, ukulahleka kwempilo kanye nenqwaba yeminye imiphumela ephikisana namalungelo abantu.
Lesi siphetho sifinyelelwa ngokuhlola cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane yezingxabano ezibekezelelwe amaTamil aseSri Lankan kusukela ezibophezele kakhulu esu lokuvukela umbuso kanye nobuphekula. Ngokubona ukwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kwangaphakathi kwamalungelo abantu okwenzekile futhi kwaqhubeka ngaphansi kwe-Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), ukusetshenziswa kodlame lwezombangazwe kubonise ukuthi akulona nje ize ngokumelene nombuso kodwa futhi kungenanzuzo. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zokufa okwahlupheka emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kuphela, ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi baseSri Lankan Tamils ukuya eNdiya naseNtshonalanga, kanye nokwesaba okwenziwa yi-LTTE ngenkathi bethi yibona kuphela izwi labantu. Imiphumela enjalo iphakamisa ukuthi ngisho noma izindlela ezingezona ubudlova zihluleka ukuletha izinjongo ezifiselekayo, zisagwema ukufa okungase kube khona, ukuhlupheka kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo, okuqinisekiswa yisu lokuvukela eliphula amalungelo abantu.
Isifundo salesi sihloko sizoqala ngokuhlaziywa kwemibono ehlukene ecatshangelwe maqondana nombuzo. Lokhu kuzolandelwa ukubuyekezwa kwengxabano eSri Lanka. Okokugcina, impikiswano yomgomo izoxoxwa maqondana nabantu baseTamil, ikakhulukazi i-Liberation Tigers yaseTamil Eelam.
Amalungelo Abantu Nobuphekula
Njengenkulumo enkulu nekhula njalo, isihloko samalungelo abantu siqongelela ekuqondeni kangcono lokho okubhekwa njengomqondo wamalungelo abantu. Ngendlela yayo yomqondo,[Iii] isihloko sisivumela ukuba simelane nobuhlungu nosizi oluhilelekile ekuxhashazweni nasekuhluphekeni ukuze sikwazi ukuhlaziya kangcono ukuthi kungani izenzakalo ezinjalo zenzeka. Futhi kusetshenziswa ulimi lwamalungelo abstract olwakhelwe ukunikeza izindaba ezinjalo izwi, umgomo ovela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi eziqotho zesihloko uhlanganisa umzamo ofanayo wokumisa lokhu kuhlupheka. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa, nokho, ukuthi i inkulumo futhi umqondo wamalungelo abantu awafani. Nakuba le nkulumo iyinhlanganisela enkulu yezimangalo eziqhudelanayo ezilwela ukulalelwa kumongo nokuphuhla kwezimpikiswano zazo, umqondo wamalungelo abantu uphikisana njengezwi elilodwa.
Ngokwamukela lo mehluko, umuntu angaqala ukucinga incazelo ethile ewumnyombo emqondweni wamalungelo abantu, inhliziyo ethile engcwele nengalawuleki, enikeza ukuphila kuso sonke isihloko. Njengoba kuhlaziywa kuwo wonke umlando womqondo, le ngqikithi iqukethe isifiso sokuqeda ukuhlupheka nonya kwabanye kanye nokuthambekela kokubona okuhle esintwini esabiwe. Lokhu, ngesimo sakho esihle, kusho ukuzibophezela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezinhlobo zethu zezilwane 'ezixube kakhulu' kunokuba zibekezelele nje. Ngokwesimo sayo esibi, kuyisidingo sokuthi abantu bangalokothi babandlululwe noma behliswe ubuntu njengezindlela zabanye ngoba 'wonke umuntu kufanele anikezwe ithuba lokukhula njengomuntu, enze konke okusemandleni akhe ngamakhono anawo. ube'.[Iv] Ngokuphikisana njengezwi elilodwa lokukholelwa esintwini, umnyombo wamalungelo abantu uhlose ukuba abantu ngabanye balandele izindlela zabo abazifisayo - isimo sakhe esicatshangelwayo, isimo sakhe somuntu siqu - kuyilapho engalokothi anyathele ngokungenakulungiseka ezindleleni ezifanayo noma eziqhudelanayo zabanye.[V] Kuwumongo ophelele ngokuziphatha.
Kukhona elinye igama - hhayi umcabango - umuntu angalicabangela futhi linikeza ulimi kobunye ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okwenzekayo: ubuphekula. Ukuhambisana kwamagama amabili - amalungelo abantu futhi ubuphekula - ngokusobala akuwona umphumela wanoma iyiphi incazelo efanayo kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ngayinye ilayishwe inani elikhulu lencazelo eyakhiwe phakathi nezimpilo zayo. Thatha isibonelo ngomlando omude wohulumeni abahluleka ukubona izimo ezithile noma izinhlobo zokuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu phesheya nangaphakathi. Ukuphika okunjalo, noma mhlawumbe ukuzungeza, kuhloswe ngakho ukuqondisa inkulumo yamalungelo abantu ngendlela yepolitiki ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: ukugwema isibopho, ukunika igunya lokuphikisa, nokuvikela izintshisekelo ezihlobene. Kodwa okufanayo kungashiwo mayelana nokulebula okukhethiwe kwe ubuphekula or amaphekula ezinhlobonhlobo zodlame lwezombangazwe.[vi] Okubikezelwa kakhulu kwalolu hlobo ukungabaza ukuvuma ubuphekula bombuso. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamasu kwaleli gama elenziwe elothando umlweli wenkululeko mayelana nalabo badlali abangebona bombuso abaphikisana nombuso ovame ukuthathwa, ophikisayo.[vii] Indida edabukisayo, nokho, ukuthi naphezu kwenhloso yabo evame ukufana - ukuqeda ukuqashelwa kanye nokufeza okuthile noma iqembu lamalungelo - izindlela zobuphekula kanye namalungelo abantu ziphikisana ngqo zodwa.
Ubuphekula Njengesu Lokuvukela
Ngezinjongo zalesi sihloko, ubuphekula bukhonjwa kahle kakhulu njengesu lokuvukela umbuso.[viii] Cabanga ngesizathu sokukhetha okuhlosiwe komvukela-mbuso. Uma ukukhetha, ukuqondiswa okuqondile kwama-ejenti ombuso - abaholi bezombangazwe, amasosha kanye nabasebenzi bezokuphepha - kuhloswe ukwenza buthaka kanye nokubukela phansi amandla okusebenza ombuso. Ngokugcina leli qhinga, uhlangothi lwabashokobezi lungazama ukuqongelela amandla alo nokusekelwa ngokulindela impi evamile. Okunye ukukhetha, ukugxilisa amasu kuqondiswe emphakathini ngenxa yokucabanga ukuthi izakhamuzi zinamazinga aphansi okubekezelelana.[ix] Lokhu empeleni kuwukuhlasela ukuziphatha komphakathi kangangokuthi uma ukubekezelelana sekugcwele uhulumeni uzophoqeleka ukuba ashweleze. Ikhonjwa kuphela njengesu, ubuphekula buhlolwa ngokufanele kakhulu ngenhloso yabo yokuthola ushintsho ngamaqhinga ahlukahlukene okuhloswe ngawo uMbuso noma umphakathi omele abantu.
Noma kunjalo uma kukhulunywa ngomqondo wamalungelo abantu, lihluke kanjani isu lobuphekula kunoma yiluphi olunye udlame lwezombusazwe olubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuphila nokuhlupheka okukhulu? Impendulo elula ngale lens ukuthi akunjalo. Nokho, imizamo yokwahlulela noma yiluphi uhlobo lobudlova ngokuvamile ifunwa ngokweziphetho ezifiswayo. Inkinga enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi okunjalo kodlame lwezepolitiki ukuthi abaphikisi bezepolitiki balabo abasebenzisa isu basebenzela ukunqamula noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okunjalo. Lesi isibonelo 'sempi yokulandisa': labo abavikela amaqhinga obuphekula bafuna umbono omuhle ngokugxila kuphela ezisusa zabo, kuyilapho uhlangothi olwamukelayo lusakaza inkulumo-ze emelene nobuphekula, ngenhloso yokululaza abantu abambalwa abavukelayo ngenxa yokuqashwa kwabo nje. wesu. Ukuhlanjalazwa okunjalo 'kobuphekula' kwenzeka ngisho noma kuyisu lesikhashana nje - ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba isu liyekiwe ukuze kugwenywe ukucwaswa - njengoba ukuhlotshaniswa nalezi zindlela kungase kuthunaze kalula noma yimaphi amathuba okuba semthethweni abonakale ezihlosweni eziyinhloko.[X] Impikiswano yamalungelo abantu ehlala iyiqiniso kumongo wayo ongenalo udlame ayiwona umzamo wokuziba izisusa noma iziphetho ezifiswayo zalabo bavukeli abasebenzisa amasu obuphekula noma udlame lwezombusazwe, ingasaphathwa eyokuthatha uhlangothi kule mpi yokulandisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi izikhalazo ziyiqiniso njalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziqashelwa ngaphezu kwabenzi bezicelo. Khona manjalo, ifuna ukuthi izindlela zokuxazulula izikhalo ezinjengalezi zingalokothi zifinyelele ezingeni lokwephula amalungelo abantu.
Ubuphekula Bephula Futhi Bubukela phansi Amalungelo Abantu
Nokho, izindlela zobuphekula zihlukumeza futhi zibukela phansi amalungelo abantu. Eqinisweni, 'cishe alikho nelilodwa ilungelo lomuntu elikhululiwe emthelela wobuphekula' - kusukela emibonweni eyisisekelo yenkululeko nokuphepha kuye enhlanganweni ebanzi yamalungelo omphakathi nawepolitiki kanye namalungelo ezomnotho, ezenhlalo namasiko.[xi] Lokhu kufakazelwe yizinqumo eziningi ezivela kuyo yomibili i-UN General Assembly[xii] kanye neKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu,[xiii] okulindeleke ukuthi imemezele ukuthi ubuphekula 'angeke buthethelelwe njengendlela yokuthuthukisa nokuvikela amalungelo abantu'.[xiv] Empeleni, 'wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphila, inkululeko kanye nokuvikeleka komuntu' okuyinto ubuphekula obuyishaya indiva ezenzweni zabo ezibangela ukufa nokulimala.[xv]
Ukwelulwa okungajwayelekile kokwephulwa kwelungelo lokuphila - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuqondile noma ngokungaqondile - kuwusongo oluhlose ukudicilela phansi 'intando yeningi, umphakathi kanye nomthetho'.[xvi] Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlaka zezikhungo, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu kuba yilutho ngaphandle kwamalungelo anikezwa amandla.[xvii] Yebo, intando yeningi ngokwayo iza ngezindlela eziningi futhi ingashintshwa ukuze ivumelane nezidingo nezimfuno zesiko nomphakathi othile. Noma kunjalo, ubuphekula buklanyelwe ukubukela phansi ngamabomu amalungelo abantu akhethekile agcina noma yiluphi uhlobo lwentando yeningi: ukubamba iqhaza kwezombusazwe, ukuvota kanye nenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokubona imibono, yokukhuluma nokuzihlanganisa. Empeleni lokhu kwenzeka ngoba igunya elisemthethweni libukelwa phansi, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kuyavinjelwa, izinkundla zemibono nezepolitiki zibekwe emphakathini, noma ukubusa ngentando yeningi nentuthuko kuyavinjwa. Kulokhu, ubuphekula 'buhlasela uhlaka lomthethosisekelo lwezikhungo zomphakathi ezinezingxoxo okwenza ukuba khona kwawo wonke amanye amalungelo abantu kwenzeke'; 'ithatha indawo yezombangazwe ngodlame, kanye nezingxoxo [nokwesaba]'.
Ngokusebenza kwamalungelo abantu kunenqubo ecashile eyenzeka, kodwa ngokufanayo ingamandla anamandla. Ukuzuzwa kwamalungelo abantu kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kanye nobuningi ukuze izinjongo zichazwe ngokulinganayo kuyilapho kuvumela zonke izinketho zenqubomgomo ukuba zibe nesihlalo etafuleni. Ngenkathi siphishekela izinjongo ezihlangene nezomuntu ngamunye, amalungelo abantu ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka phezu kwenhlalakahle yalabo okungenzeka bangahlanganyeli izintshisekelo noma ukubusa kwezombusazwe neningi. Amalungelo abantu aze afinyelele ezingeni lokuvikela iningi labantu abambalwa abangase bazizwe bephoqeleka ukuthi baveze intando yabo ngezindlela ezingagculisi. Futhi-ke kukhona lonke uhlu lwamalungelo ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle kanye namasiko anikezelwe ezintweni ezingaziwa zokuphila komuntu okwenza kube nokwenzeka futhi kuzuze ukuqala - kusukela ekudleni kuya enkolweni kuya emsebenzini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubuphekula iqhinga elizama ukuzizuzisa lona ngokugomela ngodlame izimangalo zamalungelo athile, kanye nogwadule lwazo, ngaphezu kwezimangalo eziphakeme, eziqhudelanayo kanye nogwadule lwabanye. Ngokungaboni noma ngamabomu, ukulingana okuhlonishwayo emhlabeni wonke kuyaphazamiseka, futhi amalungelo abantu ayachithwa ohlelweni lwabo.
I-Universal Equality of Esteem[xviii]
Lapho ekhuluma ngobuphekula namalungelo abantu, uMichael Ignatieff uphawula ngokufanelekile - ngenxa yezizathu ezixoxwe ngenhla - ukuthi la magama amabili avela njengokuphikisa okulula. Ukunemba kwakhe kulezi zihloko ezimbili ingxenye enkulu kuphelela lapho. U-Ignatieff akenzi lutho ukuphika ukuthi amalungelo abantu kanye nobuphekula abuphikisani ngokwemvelo ngendlela yabo yokucabanga, kodwa impikiswano yakhe ihlose ukukhombisa ukuthi, kanye nobushokobezi obuphikisayo, 'amalungelo abantu - ikakhulukazi ilungelo lokuzibusa - [ngokulinganayo] akhekile. isizathu esikhulu sokuphendukela kodlame lwezepolitiki, okuhlanganisa nezenzo zobuphekula, ku-20th Ikhulu leminyaka'. Lapho u-Ignatieff eqala ukulahlekelwa umbono ekuvikeleni lesi simangalo ukufinyeza kwakhe isihloko samalungelo abantu kuphela uhlobo oluthile lokuzibophezela okubaliwe, kokuziphatha okuhle. Kungase kubonakale kududuza ukuba nokuzivikela kwe-algebra kwesihloko, kodwa umphumela uyindaba yokulinda ukubalwa kwezimali kokudala ukuthi kuqale. Futhi kunjalo. Nakuba enikeza isilinganiso esinembile mayelana nokuba usizo kwamalungelo abantu njengethuluzi lezombusazwe kanye nenselele yokuzibophezela kunoma iyiphi imfundiso enesimiso, u-Ignatieff uyashesha ukushiya umkhumbi lapho edlula 'ezimeni eziphuthumayo zobuphekula'.
Incazelo ehlukile yokuzivikela kuka-Ignatieff ukuthi amalungelo abantu akhona kuwo wonke amasiko kodwa ngandlela thize lokhu akuqhubeki phakathi kwawo wonke. abantu or izikhathi kwesicelo. Ngamanye amazwi, abanalo ukulingana okulinganayo emhlabeni wonke. Evikela isimo sakhe, ukhuluma ngenkambiso yomthetho wamalungelo abantu ukubekezelela izimo eziphuthumayo zomphakathi, ukubukelwa phansi kanye nokungahambisani nomthetho, inqobo nje uma izimo ezithile zivunyelwe esidlangalaleni ukuba ziphendule. Lokhu kuwubufakazi obungebuhle ecaleni lakhe, nokho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu kanjalo nokusebenza kwalezi zinhlaka bekulokhu kungokwepolitiki ngendlela engenakugwenywa.[xix] Ukube amajaji, abameli kanye nosopolitiki bekuyiziphathimandla zokugcina, bekungaba lula ukuvala le ncwadi ngezindaba eziningi zamalungelo abantu. Kulabo abakhuthazelela ukuhlukunyezwa emuva eqinisweni, isiphetho esinjalo ngeke sibe mnandi kangako futhi bambalwa abangahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu ngemiphumela.
Ngisho nezimo eziphuthumayo ezinikezwe umphakathi, akukabi bikho i-hierarchy evumelanayo, noma umugqa esihlabathini, ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo angenakuxoxiswa kuwo wonke umhlaba ongaphelelwa isikhathi. Nakuba lokhu kunzima ku-Ignatieff ukwamukela - esikhundleni salokho ekhetha ukuzikhandla phezu kwamalungelo akhe-abacus - umcabango owesabeka kakhulu ngale ndaba ngu-Amartya Sen ohlonishwa ngokubonisa ukungahlukaniseki kwamalungelo ngobudlelwano babo obunemibandela. Isazi sezomnotho ngokuqeqeshwa, u-Sen wahlanganisa uhlaka lwentuthuko lapho iqoqo lamalungelo omphakathi nawepolitiki lalincike ngokungenakugwenywa nawo wonke umkhakha wamalungelo ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle namasiko.[xx] Empeleni, indlela esekelwe emalungelweni yentuthuko yayisebenza kahle ngoba iphakamisa amazinga okuziphendulela, yakhetha ukuhlonyiswa ngamakhono, idinga ukubamba iqhaza okuphezulu, futhi yanaka kakhulu ukucwasa kanye namaqembu asengozini.[xxi] Njengoba kucatshangelwa lezi zici, le ndlela ayizange ibone ukuhwebelana phakathi kokufeza izinjongo nokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu. Kungakho yazibophezela ngokudumala ekugxekeni isikhundla 'se-Asian Values' sokuhlanganisa abantu abaphakeme, izintshisekelo zombuso ngaphezu kwalabo ababuthaka nabasengozini - abancane, abafuduki, abesifazane kanye namanye amaqembu akhishwe inyumbazane.[xxii] Egqoke amagilavu akhe "angempela", u-Ignatieff uchitha kungazelelwe umsebenzi obalulekile ka-Sen njengekhitsch yokuhlaziya engekho yonke indawo 'ezikhathini eziyingozi'. Umuntu utshelwa ngokushesha ukuthi amanye amalungelo abaluleke kakhulu kunamanye amalungelo esimweni esinjalo - ukuthi ukudela ukuphela okungabalulekile kwe-spectrum 'kuwububi obuncane' obamukelekayo - ukuphela kwendaba.[xxiii] Kodwa akunjalo ngempela. Lokhu akukhona nje ukwehluleka okulula ukuqonda ukulingana kwendawo yonke yokuhlonishwa okutholakala encazelweni ewumongo yamalungelo abantu, kodwa futhi nokungaqondi kahle kwamalungelo njengokungahambisani nezintshisakalo zokuphepha.
Amalungelo Njengohlobo Lokuphepha
Labo abangenalo uzwela emandleni - amaqiniso anomqondo oqinile njengoSen abazazi kahle izilingo zegunya, ukuphelelwa isineke kokugcinwa komthetho kanye nokuzikhukhumeza kokwahlulela okuhle - bayaqonda ukuthi amalungelo ngokwawo awuhlobo oluthile lokuphepha kulezi 'zikhathi eziyingozi' .[xxiv] Mayelana nokuvikeleka, 'ububi obuncane' obunjalo obumayelana namalungelo abantu - isihloko okuhloswe ngaso ukuvikela emiphumeleni enjalo - kuyingozi kakhulu futhi akulimazi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kubhekene nobuphekula. Ukusekela umoya womqondo ngokwawo, inkulumo yamalungelo abantu kufanele idwebe umugqa esihlabathini futhi ibhuntshise lezi zinsolo ngokugcizelela ukuthi noma iyiphi inkulumo yobubi iqala ukuthunaza olunye uhlangothi.[xxv] Iqiniso elizwakalayo lale mpikiswano akufanele lithathwe kalula, kodwa yona le nkolelo encazelweni ewumongo
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