Nomaphi lapho thina bantu baseMelika sibheka khona, usongo lwe-apocalypse lubuyela emuva kithi.
Amafu amabili embubhiso yangempela asamnyama emhlabeni wethu: ukuqothulwa kwenuzi futhi ukushabalala kwemvelo. Uma bengathola isinyathelo esiphuthumayo esibafanele, bangaba phezulu ohlwini lwethu lwezombangazwe ezibalulekile.
Kodwa banesikhathi esinzima sokubamba ukunaka kwethu, baminyene njengoba kunjalo ngenqwaba yezingozi ezintsha eziphinde zibhalwe ukuthi โapocalypticโ: isikweletu sikahulumeni esikhulayo, uhlelo lukahulumeni loku athathe izibhamu zethu, ukulawulwa kwebhizinisi kwe-inthanethi, Isexwayiso Sesikhathi Se-Comcast i-merrgerocalypse, ukungcola kweBeijing i-airpocalypse, owaseMelika i-snowpocalypse, hhayi ukukhuluma ukuzamazama komhlaba nezifo. Uhlu lwezihloko, esiziphonselwa kulo ngokungalahliwe kwezombusazwe kwesokudla, kwesokunxele, naphakathi nendawo, luqhubeka lukhula.
Bese kuba nomhlaba wezobuciko nokuzijabulisa lapho ukuthengisa i-apocalypse kuba ibhizinisi elivuzayo. Bheka iwebhusayithi "I-Apocalyptic yezothando,โ i-albhamu kaSlash โUthando lwe-Apocalyptic,โ noma idokhumentari yomlando-lite โI-Viking Apocalypseโ kwabaqalayo. Kulezi zinsuku, izazi zezibalo zine โinombolo ye-apocalyptic. "
Yebo, igama elithi A manje selikuyo yonke indawo, futhi isikhathi esiningi alisasho โukuphela kwakho konke,โ kodwa โisiphetho sanoma yini.โ Ukuphila impilo egcwele ama-apocalypse ngokungangabazeki kuba nomthelela omubi, nakuba kuyisihloko esingavamile ukukhuluma ngaso.
Ngakho-ke masiphakamise isivalo egameni elingu-A, silunguze ngaphakathi, futhi sihlole ukuthi kuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Njengoba ingewona neze umbono omuhle, kulula ngokwanele ukukhohlwa ukuthi umbono we-apocalypse ubulokhu uyisitsha sethemba kanye nokwesaba. Mhlawumbe namanje sizothola ithemba ngaphakathi uma sibheka kanzima ngokwanele.
Umlando omfushane we-Apocalypse
Izindaba ze-Apocalyptic bezikhona okungenani kusukela ezikhathini zeBhayibheli, uma kungenjalo ngaphambili. Babonakala ezinkolweni eziningi, njalo benecebo elifanayo eliyisisekelo: isiphetho siseduze; umzabalazo wendawo yonke phakathi kokuhle nokubi (noma uNkulunkulu noDeveli, njengoba iTestamente Elisha lisho) usuzofinyelela umvuthwandaba ngesiphithiphithi esiyinhlekelele, ukuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi, nokuphela kwezwe njengoba siwazi.
Lokho, nokho, kunguMthetho I kuphela, lapho sisula khona okwedlule futhi sishiye isileti se-cosmic esingenalutho silungiselela uMthetho II: izwe elisha, elingcono kakhulu, mhlawumbe eliphelele eliyovela emlotheni waleli lethu lamanje. Kuvame ukukhohlwa ukuthi ama-apocalypse enkolo, kuzo zonke izigcawu zawo zokubhujiswa, ekugcineni ziyizindaba zethemba; futhi ngempela, balethe ezigidini okwadingeka zikholelwe ezweni elingcono a-comin', ngoba babengaboni lutho olunethemba kulomhlaba wobuhlungu nosizi.
Lolo hlobo lwenkolo yendabuko lwe-apocalypse nalo lube yingxenye nengxenye yempilo yezepolitiki yaseMelika kusukela, ngo Yenza umqondo, uTom Paine wanxusa amakoloni ukuba avukele ngokuthembisa, โSisemandleni ethu ukuqala kabusha umhlaba.โ
Lapho iMpi Yezwe II - ngokwayo manje ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-apocalypse - ukungenisa inkathi yenuzi, kwaletha uguquko olukhulu embonweni. Njengoba nje umlobi wamanoveli uKurt Vonnegut akhala ngokuthi usongo lwempi yenuzi lwalusiphuce โukufa okuvamileโ (ngamunye wethu efa eyedwa, elilelwa abasindile), abafundisi benkolo bakhala ngesiphetho se-apocalypse endala yenkolo.
Ngemva kokuba โisikhali sokunqobaโ salelizwe sicekele phansi amadolobha amabili aseJapane ngo-August 1945, iningi labantu baseMelika labubula ngokukhululeka ngokuthi iMpi Yezwe II yayisiphelile ekugcineni. Nokho, bambalwa ababekholelwa ukuthi izwe elingcono phakade laliyovela emlotheni okhipha imisebe yaleyo mpi. Ngawo-1950s, noma nje izikhathi ezinhle zazihamba ngokwezomnotho, ukwesaba kwe-nuclear yaseMelika kwadala okuthile okusha nokwesabekayo ngokomlando - isithombe sezwe ngokuphelele se-apocalypse. Yilokho ozothola kuqala uma uthayipha okuthi โdefine Apocalypseโ enjinini yokusesha yakwaGoogle: โukubhujiswa kokugcina komhlaba wonke.โ Ngamanye amazwi, "whoosh" eyodwa enkulu bese ... lutho. Ukuqothulwa okuphelele. Isiphetho.
I-Apocalypse njengokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwakuwumbono omusha. Ngokumangazayo maduzane, abantu abaningi baseMelika babe (ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ibinzana elidumile womenzi wefilimu uStanley Kubrick) efunda indlela yokuyeka ukukhathazeka nokujwayela usongo โlwe-whoosh enkulu.โ Lapho kuphela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukukhathazeka ngokuhwebelana ngezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni wonke kwahwamuka, ngisho noma izikhali zenuzi zangaleso sikhathi zazishiywe endaweni esabekayo.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, olunye uhlobo lwe-apocalypse lwaluvela kancane kancane: ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuphelele kangangokuthi nakho, kwakuzosho ukuphela kwakho konke ukuphila.
Lokhu kungaba yinto entsha ngendlela ehlukile. Kunjalo, njengoba uTodd Gitlin enze kahle wayibiza, โi-apocalypseโ yokuqala emlandweni. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengoba kwabizwa kanjalo, bekulokhu kugasela kithi โngokuvumelana neziqalo,โ ngokunganakwa, amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Njengoba wawuhluke kakhulu kulokho uGitlin akubiza ngokuthi โisikhukhula esiqubuka ngokuzumayo esifana nesikaGenesiseโ noma โukuhlasela okuvamile,โ kwaletha inselele edidayo. Phela izwi Apocalypse ibikade ikhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuhlotshaniswa nanoma iyiphi indlela enengqondo negama kancane kancane.
Isazi-mlando esivelele sezinkolo uMircea Eliade wake waqagela ukuthi abantu bangayibamba i-apocalypse yenuzi ngoba ifana noMthetho I esitokisini esikhulu sabantu sezinganekwane ze-apocalypse, lapho isiphetho sifika ngokuphazima kweso - noma ngabe uMthetho II wawungeke ulandele. Waphakamisa ukuthi leli gugu eliyinganekwane, lisalokhu liqulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho lizizwa lijwayelekile.
Kodwa phakathi nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka efunda izinganekwane zomhlaba, zesikhathi esidlule nezamanje, wayengakaze athole neyodwa eyayibonisa ukuphela kwezwe kuza kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asinayo imicabango engazi lutho esingakubhangqa nayo, futhi asinawo amasiko noma amasiko angasisiza emzabalazweni wethu wokuwaqonda.
Lokho kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngeningi lethu ngisho nokucabanga ukuphela kokuphila okubangelwa indawo ezungezile. Kwaso kanye isigaba โse-apocalypseโ asibonakali sisebenza. Ngaphandle kwalezo zithombe ze-apocalyptic nokwesaba ukusikhuthaza, umuzwa wesinyathelo esiphuthumayo esidingekayo ukuze kugwenywe inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke evela kancane kancane.
Konke lokho (kanye namandla ezithakazelo ihlobe ngokumelene ukulawula imboni kaphethiloli) kungaba yisizathu esanele sokuchaza ukunganaki okubeka ubungozi bezemvelo kude kangaka ku-ajenda yezepolitiki yaseMelika. Kodwa njengoba uDkt. Seuss ubengasho, akugcini lapho! Hhayi, akukhona lokho kuphela.
Ama-Apocalypse Yonke Indawo
Uma wenza lolo sesho lwe-Google ku-apocalypse, uzothola incazelo yamanje eyimfashini yamanje yegama: โNoma isiphi isenzakalo esihilela ukubhujiswa ngezinga elimangalisayo; [ngokwesibonelo] 'i-apocalypse yemakethe yamasheya.'โ Uyemukelwa enkathini yama-apocalypse yonke indawo.
Njengoba izimpisi eziningi ezihlala zikhala ze-apocalyptic noma ukuthengisa izinto ezijabulisayo ze-apocalyptic, sekunzima kakhulu manje ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinsongo zangempela zokushabalala kanye nokulingiswa okushibhile. Ukuphuthuma, ngempela yona kanye incazelo, ye-apocalypse kuyaqhubeka kuncishiswa ngendlela yokuthi leli gama libe sengozini yokucishe libe yize. Ngenxa yalokho, sizithola siphila enkathini ehlala ibonisa izibikezelo zembubhiso, nokho isifundisa ukuba singabheki izinsongo zangempela zenhlekelele ephelayo.
O, iMelika isakhathazekile ngeBhomu - kodwa kuphela lapho lisezandleni zesizwe esithile "esibi". Kwake kwasho lokho Iraq (ngisho noma lelo zwe, ngaphansi kukaSaddam Hussein, alikaze libe nebhomu futhi ngo-2003, lapho abaphathi bakaBush behlasela,ngangingenayo ngisho uhlelo lwebhomu). Manje, kusho i-Iran - elinye izwe elingenabhomu noma noma yiluphi uhlelo olwaziwayo ukwakha eyodwa, kodwa ngokubuka kwe-apocalyptic kugxile kuyo njengokungathi isivele inezikhali ezinjalo - futhi e-North Korea.
Kulezi zinsuku, empeleni, kulula ngokwanele ukufaka ilebula โingozi ebhubhisayoโ cishe kunoma yiliphi izwe umuntu alizondayo, noma ungaziba. abangane, umbimbi, Futhi ngokwakho. Sijwayele izinsongo ezintsha ze-apocalyptic ezivelayo ngomzuzwana, ngokuhlolisisa okuncane (noma cha) kokuthi igama elithi A liyasebenza ngempela yini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi yalungisa i-equation elula enkulumweni yomphakathi yaseMelika: isizwe esibi + isikhali senuzi = ukubhujiswa kwethu okuphelele. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuthenga i-platitude ukuthi I-Iran akumele neze thola isikhali senuzi noma amakhethini. Lokho kushiya ingcindezi encane kubenzi benqubomgomo abaphezulu kanye nama-pundits ukuchaza kahle ukuthi izikhali ezimbalwa zenuzi eziphethwe yi-Iran zingabalimaza kanjani abantu baseMelika.
Khonamanjalo, kuncane ukunaka okukhokhwa kunqolobane yezikhali zenuzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, khona lapha e-US Ngempela, ama-nukes aseMelika awakwazi ukubonwa ngokoqobo, afihliwe njengoba enjalo. ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphansi kwe izilwandle, nangaphansi ukugoqa yemikhawulo "yemfihlo ephezulu". Ubani ozokhathazeka ngalokho okungabonakali lapho izingozi eziningi kangaka ezibizwa ngokuthi โi-apocalypticโ zibonakala zisobala?
Izingozi zemvelo ziphakathi kwazo: izinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilika nolwandle lwase-Arctic olunamanzi avulekile, luphuphuthekiswe yintuthu Amadolobha aseShayina, ngokwandayo iziphepho ezinamandla, Futhi isomiso eside. Nokho ezikhathini eziningi izingozi ezinjalo zibonakala zikude futhi njengezinkinga zomunye umuntu. Ngisho noma izingozi zemvelo zisondela, ngokuvamile azilingani nezithombe ezisemcabangweni wethu we-apocalyptic. Khona-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi amazwi amemezela iqiniso elingalungile le-apocalypse evela kancane ayalahleka ku-cacophony yama-apocalypse yonke indawo. Isethi eyodwa nje yabafana ekhala impisi futhi kulula ngokuphawulekayo ukuyenza phika or vusa ukungabaza obakhathalelayo.
Ukufa Ekuphileni
Kungani isiko laseMelika lisebenzisa igama elithi A ngendlela engafanele kangaka? Mhlawumbe sesiphile isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwefu lembubhiso kangangoba yonke ingozi manje iqala ukufana nesifo esiyingozi.
Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uRobert Lifton wabikezela isimo esinjalo eminyakeni edlule lapho ephakamisa ukuthi inkathi yenuzi isibeke sonke ekubambeni lokho akubiza ngokuthi โi-psychic numbingโ noma โ.ukufa empilweni.โ Ngeke sisacabanga ukuthi sizofa ukufa kukaVonnegut okudala futhi sikhunjulwe njengengxenye yochungechunge lwempilo olungapheli. Ucwaningo lukaLifton lwabonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kokufa nokuphila kwase kuba, njengoba akubeka, โuxhumano oluphukile. "
Ngenxa yalokho, waqagela, izingqondo zethu ziyeka ukuzama ukuthola izithombe ezibalulekile ezidingekayo kunoma iyiphi impilo enempilo. Yonke imizamo yokwakha imifanekiso emisha engqondweni imane ibangele ukwesaba okwengeziwe kokuthi uchungechunge lokuphila ngokwalo luzophela. Ekugcineni, sisele singenalutho ngaphandle โkokunganakwa, ukuhoxa, ukucindezeleka, ukuphelelwa ithemba.โ
Uma lokho kuyi-lens ye-psychic ejulile esibona ngayo umhlaba, noma kunjalo ngokungazi, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani yonke into nayo yonke into ingabukeka njengobufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi Ukuphela kuseduze. Akumangalisi ukuthi sinesizukulwane sentsha yaseMelika kanye nabantu abadala abasha abathatha kalula umhlaba ogcwele izithombe ze-apocalyptic.
Kucabange, ngandlela thize, njengobufakazi bokuqina komuntu. Bafunda ukuthi bangaphila kanjani nokuwukuphela kweqiniso abake balazi (futhi ngakho konke ukubhuqa esikwaziyo, abanye bafunda ukuthi bangabathengisa kanjani imikhiqizo yamasiko ngokusekelwe kulelo qiniso). Ngokwemvelo, bacabanga ukuthi ukuphela kweqiniso okungenzeka. Akumangazi ukuthi "Abafileyo Abahambayo," uchungechunge lwe-zombie apocalypse, lungolwabo umdlalo we-TV oyintandokazi, njengoba yembula (futhi ijabule?) ini umhlaziyi we-TV oyedwa ebizwa ngokuthi โimpilo eyimfihlo yentsha yaseMelika yangemva kwembubhiso.โ
Mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kwento okufanele kusimangaze ngempela ukuthi bangaki kulaba bantu abasha abasakwazi ukuphumela obala bezama ukuthola indlela yokwenza umehluko emhlabeni.
Nokho ngisho nasenqubweni yezombangazwe yoshintsho, ama-apocalypse agcwele yonke indawo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikuphi, umlayezo uvame ukuba yinguqulo ethi "Misa le nhlekelele manje noma sizobhujiswa!" (Isibonelo: Misa ipayipi le-Keystone XL noma ngu-โumdlalo uphelileโ!) Ikusasa elingcono livame ukuchazwa phakathi kwemigqa, kodwa akuvamile ukunakwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kuba nzima nakakhulu ukucabanga ikusasa elinjalo, ngisho nokukholelwa kulo.
Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isizathu silungile kangakanani, ukugxila komqondo owodwa ezingozini nasekubhujisweni kuqinisa ngobuqili isigijimi senkathi yethu ye-apocalypse yonke indawo: lahlani lonke ithemba, nina enihlala lapha namanje.
I-Doom kanye Nepolitiki Yethemba
Inani elikhulu labantu baseMelika lisabambelele ethembeni elivela enguqulweni yokuqala yenkolo ye-apocalypse. Izigidi zamaKristu evangeli zibonakala zikulungele ukubekezelela ukwesabeka kokucekelwa phansi komhlaba, ngendlela yenuzi noma ngenye indlela, ngoba iyisango elithenjisiwe lokungena ezweni elingcono kakhulu. Ngeshwa, uhlobo olunjalo "shiya ngemuvaโ isiko likhiqize ukulangazelela okwesabekayo ukulwa kokubili impi yokugcina (mhlawumbe eyenuzi) nabenzi bokubi phesheya kanye nempi yesiko elikhulu ngokumelene nezoni ekhaya.
Lo mcabango โwokuma kokugcinaโ, ogxile (phakathi kokunye) kwamanye amaphathi etiye angaguquki, ubonakala ungenangqondo ngokwedlulele kubantu bangaphandle. Kunengqondo ngokuphelele, nokho, uma uqiniseka ngaphandle kokungabaza ngokombhalo ukuthi sinjalosilibangise e-Armagedoni.
Inguqulo ye-apocalypse yakudala yayikhona kwesokunxele sezombangazwe, futhi, lapho kunenkulumo ejulile yenguquko eyayizodiliza izindonga futhi iqale ukwakha kabusha kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Uma kubhekwa izwe esibhekene nalo, kungase okungenani kube isikhathi sokubuyisa ithemba lekusasa elingcono elisenhliziyweni yalo.
Njengoba imbubhiso isigasela nsuku zonke ku-apocalypse yethu yokuhamba kancane kwezemvelo, esingase sikudinge manje uguquko oluhamba kancane. Ngempela, emkhakheni wamandla kuyenzeka kakade. Ososayensi babonise ukuthi imithombo evuselelekayo ithandasun futhi umoya inganikeza zonke izidingo zesintu zamandla. Obunye ubuchwepheshe bubeka leyo mibono ukusebenza embulungeni yonke, hhayi (okwamanje) ngezinga elidingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe impilo yomuntu.
Mhlawumbe yisikhathi sokwenza amazwi nemicabango yethu ingabonisi nje ukwesaba kwethu, kodwa isithembiso soguquko oluqala nxazonke zethu, futhi olungashintsha ngendlela ejulile indlela esiphila ngayo (kanye) nalo mhlaba. Ake sithi siqala ukuthobela lo mthetho: noma nini lapho sisho amagama athi โKeystone XL,โ noma sikhuluma nganoma yikuphi usongo lwemvelo, sizolandela umbono ongokoqobo njengoba singakwazi ukuhlanganisa โnoMthetho IIโ: umhlaba omusha onamandla kuphela. ngemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, engenawo wonke amafutha akhipha i-carbon, futhi ehlalwa ngezindlela ezintsha ezihlelwe ngobuhlakani.
Enkathini lapho ubumnyama, inhlekelele, nokubhujiswa kukhona yonke indawo, kubalulekile ukuletha ithemba langempela - okungokoqobo, hhayi nje igama - emuva empilweni yezombangazwe.
Ira Chernus, a I-TomDispatch ejwayelekile, unguprofesa wezifundo zezenkolo eNyuvesi yaseColorado Boulder kanye nomlobi we-inthanethi โI-MythicAmerica: Izindatshana.โ Ubhalisa ku I-MythicAmerica.us.
Lesi sihloko sitholakala kuqala TomDispatch.com, ibhulogi yewebhu ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we i-American Empire Project, Umbhali we Ukuphela KweMasiko Okunqoba, njenge yenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Indlela Yempi YaseMelika: Izimpi ZikaBush Zaba Ngaka-Obama Kanjani (Izincwadi zeHaymarket).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela