Diẹ sii ju 300 ẹrú ati awọn onimọwe ijira fesi si awọn ti n ṣagbero fun agbara ologun lodi si awọn aṣikiri ti ngbiyanju lati sọdá Okun Mẹditarenia. Eyi kii ṣe iṣowo ẹrú. Nibo ni idalare iwa wa fun awọn iṣe ti o ṣe idiyele awọn ẹmi?
Awọn oludari iṣelu European Union ti kede pe idahun wọn si ipadanu iyalẹnu ti igbesi aye laarin awọn aṣikiri ti o nkọja Okun Mẹditarenia ninu awọn ọkọ oju omi ti ko yẹ yoo jẹ lilo agbara lati fọ awọn ohun ti a pe ni 'awọn nẹtiwọki' ti o ṣiṣẹ ni Libiya lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn irekọja okun eewu. Bawo? Ni Oṣu Karun ọjọ 11, olori eto imulo ajeji ti EU Federica Mogherini sọ pe “Ko si ẹnikan ti o ronu ti bombu. Mo n sọrọ nipa iṣẹ ti awọn ọkọ oju omi,” ṣugbọn ni ọjọ meji lẹhinna, Olutọju royin lori iwe ilana ilana ti jo fun iṣẹ apinfunni EU kan ni Mẹditarenia ati ni agbegbe agbegbe Libyan ti n gbero ipolongo afẹfẹ ati ọkọ oju omi. Eyi, iwe naa sọ, yoo ja si 'ibajẹ alagbero'. Ni awọn ọrọ miiran, awọn agbalagba ati awọn ọmọde ti o wọ tabi inu awọn ọkọ oju omi ti a kolu le pa. Pẹlu tabi laisi awọn ado-iku, iru 'ibajẹ adehun' ti jẹ ọja ti a mọ tẹlẹ ti awọn igbese ti n gbaṣẹ nipasẹ EU lati Titari sẹhin, daduro, ati dari awọn aṣikiri, pẹlu awọn ti n wa ibi aabo.
Nibo ni idalare iwa wa fun diẹ ninu awọn orilẹ-ede ti o lọrọ julọ ni agbaye ti n gba awọn ọkọ oju omi wọn ati agbara imọ-ẹrọ ni ọna ti o yori si iku awọn ọkunrin, awọn obinrin ati awọn ọmọde lati diẹ ninu awọn agbegbe ti o talika julọ ati awọn agbegbe ti ogun ti ya julọ? Iyipada itanjẹ ti o lewu ti wa ni tita lati dahun ibeere yii.
Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, eto imulo lori gbigbe laigba aṣẹ kọja awọn aala ti fa iyatọ laarin awọn iṣẹ ti 'awọn apanirun eniyan' ati ti 'awọn onijaja eniyan'. Ijajaja jẹ pẹlu atinuwa, awọn eto ifọkanbalẹ, ṣugbọn gbigbe kakiri ni a sọ pe o fa ifipabanilopo tabi ẹtan, ati pe a ti fiwewe leralera si iṣowo ẹrú transatlantic nipasẹ awọn oloselu, awọn oniroyin, ati paapaa diẹ ninu awọn olupolongo ilodi-ẹrú ti ode oni. Awọn ewu ti afiwera ti han gbangba ni bayi, pẹlu awọn ofin 'ṣiṣipaya' ati 'gbigbe' ni iṣẹ paarọ ni ibatan si awọn aṣikiri ti o kọja Mẹditarenia. Ati pe o jẹ ipalara yii ti o jẹ ki o ṣee ṣe fun awọn oludari EU lati jiroro lori lilo agbara ologun ni etikun Ariwa Afirika bi ẹnipe o jẹ iwulo iwa. "Awọn onijaja eniyan jẹ awọn oniṣowo ẹrú ti 21st orundun, ati pe wọn yẹ ki o wa ni idajọ", Prime Minister Italian Matteo Renzi kọwe laipe. Nígbà tí ìṣòro náà bá wáyé lọ́nà yìí, ẹ̀jẹ́ wọn láti “dámọ̀, mú kí wọ́n sì pa wọ́n run” àwọn ọkọ̀ òkun àwọn tó ń kó àwọn aṣíwájú dà bí ‘àyàn líle’ kan tí wọ́n fipá mú àwọn aṣáájú EU nípa ìfarahàn ìwà ibi tó tóbi gan-an lójijì—ẹrú ìgbàlódé kan. isowo.
Ṣugbọn eyi jẹ eke patently ati ṣiṣe-sin fun ara ẹni patapata. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ lórí ìtàn ìsìnrú ṣe mú kí ó ṣe kedere ní ìrora, ohun tí ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Mẹditaréníà lónìí kò tilẹ̀ dà bí òwò ẹrú transatlantic ní jìnnà réré. Àwọn ará Áfíríkà tí wọ́n ti di ẹrú kò fẹ́ kó lọ. Wọ́n fi wọ́n sẹ́wọ̀n kí wọ́n tó dè wọ́n, tí wọ́n sì kó wọn sínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi. Wọn ni lati ni idiwọ lati yan igbẹmi ara ẹni ju gbigbe gbigbe ti a fipa mu. Ọkọ̀ ìrìnnà yẹn yọrí sí àbájáde ẹ̀ẹ̀kan tí ń bani lẹ́rù pátápátá—ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ẹrú.
Loni, awọn ti o bẹrẹ irin-ajo lọ si Yuroopu fẹ lati gbe. Ti wọn ba ni ominira lati ṣe bẹ, wọn yoo jẹ anfani ti awọn ọkọ ofurufu ti awọn ọkọ ofurufu isuna ti n ṣiṣẹ laarin Ariwa Afirika ati Yuroopu ni ida kan ti idiyele ti oju-ọna okun ti o lewu ti iyalẹnu. Ati pe kii ṣe awọn 'ẹrú' tabi 'awọn onijajajaja' ti n ṣe idiwọ fun wọn lati wọle si ipa-ọna ailewu yii.
Otitọ ni pe awọn aṣikiri ti yoo jẹ awọn aṣikiri ni igba miiran waye ni awọn ipo ibanilẹru ni Libiya, ṣugbọn kii ṣe ni awọn ile-ẹwọn bi iṣaju ti jijẹ tipatipa bi ẹrú. Dipo, ọpọlọpọ ni o wa ni idaduro ni awọn ile-iṣẹ atimọle Iṣiwa, ti o ni owo ni apakan nipasẹ EU, nibiti ati awọn agbalagba ati awọn ọmọde wa ninu ewu iwa-ipa, pẹlu fifin, lilu ati ijiya. Ati abajade fun awọn ti o wọ inu ọkọ oju omi ko ni idaniloju. Àwọn kan ń kú lójú ọ̀nà, àwọn kan yè bọ́ kìkì pé wọ́n fìyà jẹ wọ́n, tí wọ́n sì ń fìyà jẹ wọ́n níbi tí wọ́n ti ń lọ. Ṣugbọn awọn miiran ti o ye ni aabo o kere ju aye lati wọle si awọn ẹtọ, aabo, isọdọkan idile, ẹkọ, iṣẹ, ominira lati inunibini, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Eyi kii ṣe deede imusin ti iṣowo ẹrú transatlantic. Lati gbiyanju lati pa a run pẹlu agbara ologun kii ṣe lati mu iduro ọlọla lodi si ibi ti ifi, tabi paapaa lodi si 'kakiri'. O jẹ nìkan lati tẹsiwaju aṣa atọwọdọwọ gigun ninu eyiti awọn ipinlẹ, pẹlu awọn ipinlẹ ẹrú ti ọrundun kejidinlogun ati ọrundun kọkandinlogun, lo iwa-ipa lati ṣe idiwọ awọn ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn eniyan lati gbigbe larọwọto.
Eyi, o yẹ ki o ranti, jẹ aṣa ti o rii apogee rẹ ni Apejọ Berlin olokiki bayi ti 1885 eyiti o fun ni aṣẹ ipin / iṣẹgun ti Afirika nipasẹ awọn agbara ti Yuroopu lori ipilẹ ti ipari ti a pe ni 'ẹrú Arab'. Ni awọn ọdun meji ti o tẹle, awọn miliọnu awọn ọmọ ile Afirika padanu ẹmi wọn pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn ọmọ Kongo labẹ itọni ti 'olufẹ' nla funrararẹ, Ọba Leopold II ti Bẹljiọmu.
Ati loni ni ọna ti awọn ilu Yuroopu, ati Australia, ti n tẹsiwaju aṣa atọwọdọwọ naa ṣeto apẹẹrẹ ti o tẹle ni agbaye, bi a ti jẹri nipasẹ iyalẹnu iyalẹnu ti awọn asasala Rohingya ti o salọ inunibini ni Mianma, ṣugbọn kọ ibalẹ ni Thailand, Malaysia ati Indonesia o si lọ kuro. lati kú ni okun.
Kò sí ìpìlẹ̀ ìwà rere fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ó yọrí sí ikú àwọn obìnrin, àwọn ọkùnrin àti àwọn ọmọdé, tí wọ́n jẹ́ ẹlẹ́mìí àlàáfíà, títí kan àwọn tí a ń dálóró, àti àwọn tí ń sá fún inúnibíni àti ogun. Awọn olori ati awọn eniyan ti Europe gbọdọ ranti itan ti ara wọn, laipe ati kii ṣe laipe, ati awọn ojuse Europe fun awọn ara ni Mẹditarenia ati awọn eniyan ti o wa lori awọn ọkọ oju omi. A pe fun atunto ti ọpọlọpọ awọn asasala diẹ sii laarin Yuroopu ati fifọ awọn idena si gbigbe ti a ti fi si ọna gbogbo ṣugbọn awọn ọlọrọ julọ.
A beere pe awọn oludari iṣelu Yuroopu dẹkun ilokulo itan-akọọlẹ ti isinru transatlantic si ologun ti o tọ ati awọn iṣe idena aṣikiri, ati dipo ranti, ki wọn ṣiṣẹ lori awọn ibeere fun ominira gbigbe, tabi “ẹtọ ti ipo” ti a sọ nipasẹ awọn ajafitafita ilodi-ẹrú ọmọ Amẹrika Amẹrika. ti awọn ọgọrun ọdun.
Ko si eniyan ti o le fi ẹwọn kan si kokosẹ ẹlẹgbẹ rẹ laisi nikẹhin ri opin keji ti a so mọ ọrùn ara rẹ.
-Frederick Douglass
ibuwọlu
Awọn atẹle ti fowo si bi ẹni kọọkan kii ṣe ni aṣoju awọn ile-ẹkọ giga ati awọn ile-iṣẹ miiran ti o gba wọn. Lati fi orukọ rẹ kun si awọn ibuwọlu ni isalẹ, jọwọ fi imeeli ranṣẹ [imeeli ni idaabobo] pẹlu koko-ọrọ "SIGN".
Marthe Achtnich – University of Oxford
Nilufar Ahmed – Olùkọ Iwadii Agba, Swansea University
Bridget Anderson - Ojogbon, COMPAS, University of Oxford
Ruben Andersson - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi Postdoctoral, Ẹka ti Idagbasoke Kariaye, LSE
Kehinde Andrews - Olukọni Agba ni Sociology, Birmingham City University
Ana Lucia Araujo - Ojogbon ti Itan, Howard University, Washington DC
Paola Bacchetta – Ọjọgbọn Alabaṣepọ, Ẹka ti Ẹkọ ati Awọn Ẹkọ Awọn Obirin, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti California, Berkeley
Oliver Bakewell - Alakoso Alakoso IMI ati Alakoso Alakoso, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
Dokita Alex Balch - Olukọni giga, Ẹka ti Iselu, Ile-iṣẹ fun Ikẹkọ ti Ẹrú International (CSIS), University of Liverpool
Manuel Barcia - Ọjọgbọn ti Itan Amẹrika Latin, Ile-iwe ti Awọn ede, Awọn aṣa ati Awọn awujọ, Igbakeji Oludari - Institute for Colonial and Postcolonial Studies, University of Leeds
Jenny Barrett – DPhil ni International Development, University of Oxford
David Bartram – Department of Sosioloji, University of Leicester
Tanja Bastia - Olùkọ Olùkọni, University of Manchester
Harald Bauder - Oludari Ile-ẹkọ, Ile-iṣẹ Ryerson fun Iṣiwa & Imuduro (RCIS), Ọjọgbọn ti Geography, University Ryerson
Esma Baycan - Sakaani ti Imọ Oselu ati Ibatan International, University of Geneva
Laya Behbahani - Iṣowo & Oluyanju Afihan, Ile-ẹkọ giga Simon Fraser
Alice Bellagamba - Ojogbon Oselu Anthropology, African Studies, University of Milan-Bicocca
Fatiha Belmessous - Oluwadi, Université de Lyon
Nikki Berg Burin - Oluranlọwọ Oluranlọwọ ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Awọn Obirin & Awọn Ẹkọ nipa Ẹkọ, University of North Dakota
Gurminder K. Bhambra – Ojogbon ti Sosioloji, University of Warwick
Sirma Bilge - Alakoso Alakoso, Ẹka ti Sosioloji, Université de Montréal, Quebec
Elizabeth Bishop - Alakoso Alakoso, Itan Arab Modern, Ile-ẹkọ giga Ipinle Texas
Carin Björngren Cuadra - Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ, Ẹka Iṣẹ Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ Malmö
David Blight - Ojogbon ti American History, Yale University
Ojogbon Dokita Manuela Boatcă - Sociology ti awọn aidogba agbaye, Institute fun Latin American Studies, Freie Universität Berlin
Anthony Bogues - Asa Messer Ọjọgbọn ti Awọn Eda Eniyan ati Imọran Pataki, Oludari fun Ile-iṣẹ Ẹru ati Idajọ, Ile-ẹkọ Brown, USA
Eileen Boris – Hull Ojogbon, Itan, Agbaye Studies ati Black Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
Laura Àmúró - Olùkọ Olùkọni, Iselu, University of Leicester
Avtar Brah – Ojogbon Emerita, Birkbeck College, University of London
Pepijn Brandon - NWO-Rubicon Fellow, Post-doctoral Associate, Ẹka Itan-akọọlẹ, University of Pittsburgh
Karen E. Bravo - Ojogbon ti Ofin, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indiana University
Jan Brezger - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Freie University, Berlin
Ojogbon Dokita Sabine Broeck - Universität Bremen
Thomas C. Buchanan - University of Adelaide
Alice Bullard - Alakoso Alakoso, IRA-USA ati Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ tẹlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ Imọ-ẹrọ Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, AMẸRIKA
Vernon Burton - Oludari Clemson CyberInstitute, Ọjọgbọn Ẹda Eniyan, Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Sociology, ati Imọ-ẹrọ Kọmputa, Ile-ẹkọ giga Clemson; Emeritus University of Illinois
Marco Buttino – Storia contemporanea, Dipartimento Culture, Politica e Società, Università di Torino
Bridget Byrne - Olukọni Agba ni Sosioloji, University of Manchester
Mariana P. Candido - Iranlọwọ professor, Department of History, University of Kansas
Joseph Carens - Ọjọgbọn ti Imọ Oselu, University of Toronto
Isabel Maria Estrada Carvalhais – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, University of Minho, Portugal
Stephen Castles - Ọjọgbọn, Alakoso Iwadi ni Sosioloji, Ile-iwe ti Awujọ ati Awọn Imọ-iṣe Oselu, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Sydney
Mateja Celestina - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Ile-iṣẹ fun Igbẹkẹle, Alaafia ati Awọn ibatan Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Coventry
Robin Celikates – Associate Ojogbon ti Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
Myriam Cherti - Oluwadi Iṣilọ, University of Oxford
Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick – Iranlọwọ professor ti Oselu Sosioloji, Central European University, Budapest
Dr Emma Christopher – University of Technology Sydney/ Anti-Slavery Australia
Robin Cohen - Ọjọgbọn Emeritus, University of Oxford
Kathleen M. Coll - Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, Iselu Department, University of San Francisco
John "Sean" Condon - Associate Ojogbon ati Alaga, History Department, Merrimack College
Ọrun Crawley – FAcSSm, Alaga ni International Migration, Coventry University
Dókítà A. Glenn Crothers – Associate Ojogbon ti Itan, University of Louisville
Daniela Danna - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Università degli studi di Milano
David Bion Davis - Sterling Ojogbon ti Itan Emeritus, Yale University
Nicholas De Genova – Oluka ni Ilu-aye Ilu, King's College London
Jeroen de Kloet - Ojogbon ti Ijinlẹ Agbaye, University of Amsterdam
Luke De Noronha - Oludije dokita ni Anthropology, University of Oxford
Nigel de Noronha - Oludije PhD ni Awọn iṣiro Awujọ, University of Manchester
Jan-Georg Deutsch - Alakoso Alakoso ni Itan-akọọlẹ Agbaye, Ẹlẹgbẹ, St Cross College, University of Oxford
Anna Di Bartolomeo - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Ile-iṣẹ Ilana Iṣilọ, Ile-iṣẹ Robert Schuman fun Awọn Ilọsiwaju Ilọsiwaju, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ilu Yuroopu
Seymour Drescher - Ọjọgbọn Iyatọ ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Pittsburgh
Franck Duvell – Olùwadi Olùwadi & Alabaṣepọ, University of Oxford
Dace Dzenovska - Associate Ojogbon Migration, University of Oxford
David Eltis - Robert W. Woodruff Ojogbon ti Itan, Emory University
Pieter Emmer - Ojogbon Emeritus, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ, University of Leiden, Fiorino
Hakan Erdem – Oluko omo egbe, Sabanci University
Umut Erel – Oluko ti Social Sciences, The Open University
James Esson - Olukọni ni Ilẹ-aye Eniyan, Ile-ẹkọ giga Loughborough
Nicholas J. Evans - Olukọni ni Itan-akọọlẹ Diaspora, Wilberforce Institute fun Ikẹkọ Ẹru ati Imudaniloju, University of Hull
Bronwen Everill – King ká College London
Anne Fairchild - Oluṣakoso Eto Awọn aaye Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile ọnọ Ipinle Indiana ati Awọn aaye Itan-akọọlẹ
Toyin Falola – Ojogbon ti Itan, University of Texas ni Austin
Sara R. Farris – Sosioloji Department, Goldsmiths kọlẹẹjì, University of London
Karwan Fatah-Black – Ile-ẹkọ giga Leiden, Fiorino
David Feldman - Ọjọgbọn ati Oludari Ile-ẹkọ Pears fun iwadi ti Antisemitism, Ile-iwe ti Awọn sáyẹnsì Awujọ, Itan ati Imọye Birkbeck, University of London
Sandrina Ferreira Antunes - Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Deborah A. Field - Ojogbon ti Itan, Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan
David Scott FitzGerald - Alakoso Alakoso ti Sosioloji, University of California, San Diego
Bernard K. Freamon – Ọjọgbọn ti Ofin ati Oludari Eto Zanzibar lori Ifiranṣẹ Ọjọ ode oni ati gbigbe kakiri eniyan, Ile-iwe Ofin Seton Hall Ọkan Newark Centre, Newark, New Jersey
Judy Fudge - Ojogbon, Kent Law School
Paolo Gaibazzi - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin
Marco Gardini - Post-Docoral Fellow, University of Milano-Bicocca
Andrew Geddes FAcSS – Ojogbon ti Iselu, University of Sheffield
Malick Ghachem - Associate Ojogbon ti Itan, MIT History Oluko
David Theo Goldberg - Ojogbon, Awọn iwe-iwe afiwera, University of California, Institute Research Institute, Irvine, California
Christopher A. Graham - Alejo Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, itan, UNC-Greensboro
Cheryl Greenberg - Paul E. Raether Iyatọ Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Mẹtalọkan, Hartford, CT
Melanie Griffiths - ESRC Awọn oludari Iwadi Ọjọ iwaju, University of Bristol
Dean Grodzins – Alejo omowe, Massachusetts Historical Society
Adrián Groglopo - Olukọni, Ẹka ti Iṣẹ Awujọ, ile-ẹkọ giga Gothenburg, Sweden
Juan Jesús Guanche Pérez – Miembro de la Junta Directiva y del Consejo Científico de la Fundación Fernando Ortiz, Coordinador de la Sección de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba en la especialidad de Antropología.
Pamila Gupta – Wiser, University of Witswatersrand, South Africa
Elise A. Guyette – Olominira omowe / akoitan, Burlington, VT, USA
Edgar Hassan - Oludari ti QSR2 Solutions Ltd (Idawọpọ Awujọ)
Dokita Jeffrey Helgeson - Olukọni Iranlọwọ ti Itan, Texas State University
Eureka Henrich - Ẹgbẹ Iwadi Igbẹkẹle Kaabo,
Ile-iwe ti Itan, University of Leicester
Per Hernaes - Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Imọ-ẹrọ ati Imọ-ẹrọ Nowejiani
Graham Russell Gao Hodges - George Dorland Langdon, Jr. Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Awọn Ikẹkọ Afirika, Ile-ẹkọ giga Colgate
Stephen Hodkinson - Oludari, Ile-ẹkọ fun Ikẹkọ Ẹru, Ẹka Alailẹgbẹ, University of Nottingham
Dirk Hoerder – Ojogbon Emeritus, Arizona State University, tele Universitaet Bremen
Liam Hogan - Oniwadi olominira ati akoitan, Limerick
John Holmwood - Ọjọgbọn ti Sosioloji, University of Nottingham
Michael Honey - Fred ati Dorothy Haley Ojogbon ti Humanities, University of Washington, Tacoma
Neil Howard – Marie Curie Research elegbe, European University Institute
Forrest Hylton – Northwestern University
Engin Isin – Ojogbon ti Iselu, The Open University
Maurice Jackson – Georgetown University, Washington DC
Christine M. Jacobsen - Ojogbon, University of Bergen
Yolande Jansen - Olukọni ni Imọye, University of Amsterdam
Thibaut Jaulin – Marie Curie elegbe, CERI – Sciences Po, Paris
Malarvizhi Jayanth - Ọmọ ile-iwe PhD, Awọn ede South Asia & Awọn ọlaju, University of Chicago
Hiranthi Jayaweera - Iṣilọ Oluwadi, University of Oxford
Andrew M. Jefferson - Olùwadi Olùwadi, Danish Institute Lodi si ijiya
Irmelin Joelsson – oludije DPhil, University of Oxford
Isabelle Johansson – PhD oludije Awujọ Anthropology, Ẹka ti Sosioloji, Lund University
Martin Ottovay Jorgensen - Apapọ Phd Fellow, Ẹka ti Aṣa ati Awọn ẹkọ Agbaye, Ile-ẹkọ Aalborg (Denmark) & Ẹka ti itan-akọọlẹ, University of Ghent (Belgium)
Roberta Julian – Associate Ojogbon School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
Nisha Kapoor - Olukọni, University of York
Lena Karamanidou - Ẹka ti Sosioloji, Ile-ẹkọ giga Ilu
Maria Karaulova - Oniwadi dokita, University of Manchester
Shingo Kato - Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, Keio University, Tokyo
Kerwin Kaye – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon Sociology, Wesleyan University
Esra Kaytaz - oludije Dphil, University of Oxford
Kamala Kempadoo - Ọjọgbọn, Ẹka ti Imọ Awujọ, Yunifasiti York, Canada
Dokita Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Howard
Suvi Keskinen - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi Ile-ẹkọ giga, Ẹka ti Iwadi Awujọ, University of Turku, Finland
Khatija Khader - Oludije PhD, CIPOD, Ile-iwe ti Awọn Ikẹkọ Kariaye, Ile-ẹkọ Jawaharlal Nehru, New Delhi
Eric Kimball - Iranlọwọ Ọjọgbọn ti Itan, University of Pittsburgh ni Greensburg
Danielle Kinsey - Oluranlọwọ Iranlọwọ, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Carleton, Ottawa
Martin Klein - Ojogbon emeritus ti Itan, University of Toronto
Nauja Kleist – Olùwadi Olùwadi, Danish Institute for International Studies
Louise W. Knight – Alejo omowe, Iwa ati Ibalopo Studies Program, Northwestern University
Ifigeneia Kokkali – Politecnico di Milano, Dip. Architettura ati Studi Urbani
Helga Konrad - Oludari Alase Anti-Trafficking, Institute for the Danube Region and Central Europe IDM, Head / Coordinator of Regional Imuse Initiative on Dena & Ijakadi Eniyan gbigbe kakiri
Prabha Kotiswaran – Olukọni Agba, Dickson Poon School of Law, King's College, London
Leena Kumarappan – Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi Agba, Ile-ẹkọ giga Ilu Ilu Lọndọnu
Dokita Sarah Kyambi - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi Anti-kakiri, University of Edinburgh
Benjamin N. Lawrance – Hon. Barber B. Conable, Jr.. Endowed Alaga ni International Studies, Rochester Institute of Technology
Genevieve LeBaron – Ẹlẹgbẹ Igbakeji-Chancellor, Ẹka ti Iselu, University of Sheffield
Clara Lecadet - ẹlẹgbẹ Postdoctoral, Awujọ Anthropology, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris
Ọjọgbọn Dokita Baz Lecocq - Alakoso Itan Afirika, Ile-ẹkọ fun Asia ati Awọn ẹkọ Afirika, Ile-ẹkọ giga Humboldt ti Berlin
Rob Lemkin - Fiimu alagidi, Oxford
Katharina Lenner – Postdoctoral elegbe, Prince Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II School of International Studies, Jordan University, & Associated Researcher, Institut Français du Proche-Orient (ifpo), Amman
Jens Lerche - Oluka ni Agrarian ati Awọn Ikẹkọ Iṣẹ, Ile-iwe ti Ila-oorun ati Awọn Ikẹkọ Afirika (SOAS), University of London
Giulia Liberatore – Leverhulme Tete Career Fellow, University of Oxford
Peter Linebaugh - Ojogbon ti Itan, University of Toledo
Abdulaziz Y. Lodhi - Ojogbon Emeritus, Ẹka ti Linguistics & Philology, University Uppsala, Sweden
Paul E. Lovejoy FRSC - Ọjọgbọn Iwadi Iyatọ, Alakoso Iwadi Kanada ni Itan Awujọ Ile Afirika, Ile-ẹkọ giga York, Toronto
Richard K. MacMaster - (fẹyìntì) University of Florida
Cetta Mainwaring – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, Sosioloji ati ofin Studies, University of Waterloo, Canada
Bharat Malkani - Olukọni, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham
Virginia Mantouvalou - Oluka ni Awọn ẹtọ Eda Eniyan ati Ofin Iṣẹ, Alakoso Alakoso ti Institute for Human Rights, University College London
Igbagbọ Marchal - Oludije PhD, Ile-iwe ti Ofin, Ile-ẹkọ giga Birkbeck, University of London
Abdeslam Marfouk – International Migration Oluwadi, Université Libre de Bruxelles
Yvonni Markaki – Oṣiṣẹ Iwadi, Iṣilọ Observatory, University of Oxford
Martina Martignoni - akeko PhD, University of Leicester
Scott C. Martin - Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Alakoso Awọn Ijinlẹ Aṣa Amẹrika, Dept. ti Itan, Bowling Green State University
Enrique Martino - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi PhD, Humboldt University of Berlin
Lucy Mayblin - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Ẹka ti Iselu, University of Sheffield
Achille Mbembe - Ọjọgbọn Iwadi ni Itan-akọọlẹ ati Iselu, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
W. Caleb McDaniel - Iranlọwọ Ojogbon ti Itan, Rice University
Siobhán McGrath - Olukọni ni Ilẹ-aye Eniyan, Ile-ẹkọ giga Durham
John R. McKivigan – Olootu Frederick Douglass Papers, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Aidan McQuade – Anti-Slavery International
Alexander Meckelburg – Ph.D. Ọmọ ile-iwe, Ile-iṣẹ Hiob Ludolf fun Awọn ẹkọ Etiopia, University of Hamburg
Kathryn Medien - Oluwadi Oniwadi Onisegun ESRC, Ẹka ti Sosioloji ati Ile-iṣẹ fun Ikẹkọ Awọn Obirin ati Ara, University of Warwick
Dario Melossi - Ẹka ti Awọn ẹkọ ofin, Ile-iwe ti Ofin, University of Bologna
Sandro Mezzadra - Ọjọgbọn, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche ati Sociali, University of Bologna
Alessandra Mezzadri - Olukọni ni Awọn ẹkọ Idagbasoke, SOAS, London
Fabiola Mieres – Iwadi Associate, Durham University
Randall Miller – Ojogbon ti Itan, Saint Joseph ká University, Philadelphia
Margot Minardi - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Awọn Eda Eniyan, Ile-ẹkọ giga Reed, Portland, Oregon
Sverre Molland – Olukọni ni Anthropology, Development Studies, Australian National University
Ismael Montana – Northern Illinois University
Anne Elizabeth Moore - ominira onise, Chicago Illinois
Laura Morales – Ojogbon ni Comparative Politics, Department of Iselu ati International Relations, University of Leicester
Ian Morrison - Olukọni Iranlọwọ, Ẹka ti Sosioloji, Anthropology, Psychology and Egyptology (SAPE), Ile-ẹkọ giga Amẹrika ni Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
Yasser Moullan – International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
Michael Nausner - Igbakeji Dean ati Ọjọgbọn ti Ẹkọ nipa Ẹkọ nipa ilana, Ile-iwe ti Ẹkọ nipa Ẹkọ Reutlingen
Anders Neergaard - Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ, Institute fun Iwadi lori Iṣilọ, Ẹya ati Awujọ (REMESO), ISV, University Linköping
Antonio Luigi Negro - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan-akọọlẹ ni UFBa
Melanie J. Newton – Oludari ti Caribbean Studies ni New College & Associate Ojogbon ti Itan, University of Toronto
Dokita Abdarahmane Ngaide – Enseingant-chercheur au département d'histoire de la FLSH/UCAD (Dakar, Sénégal)
Amy Niang – Olukọni ni Awọn ibatan agbaye, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Sian Nicholas - Ile-iṣẹ fun Igbẹkẹle, Alaafia ati Awọn ibatan Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Coventry
Jessica Ayesha Northey - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Ile-iṣẹ fun Igbẹkẹle, Alaafia ati Awọn ibatan Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Coventry
Ninna Nyberg Sørensen - Oluwadi giga, Alakoso Iwadi, DIIS, Denmark
Mary Nyquist – Ojogbon ti English, University of Toronto
Julia O'Connell Davidson – Ọjọgbọn ti Sosioloji, University of Nottingham
Samuel Okyere – Oluko ni Sociology, University of Nottingham
Caroline Oliver - Oluwadi Olukọni, COMPAS, University of Oxford
Mojubaolu Olufunke Okome – Ojogbon ti Imọ Oselu, Afirika & Awọn ẹkọ Awọn Obirin, Brooklyn College, CUNY
Ann Ostendorf – Iranlọwọ professor ti History, Gonzaga University
Elisavet Pakis - Oniwadi olominira
Polly Pallister-Wilkins - Ẹka ti Iselu, University of Amsterdam
Dimitris Papadopoulos - Oluka ni Sociology ati Organisation, Ile-iwe Iṣakoso, University of Leicester
Damian Alan Pargas - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Leiden
Michael Parrish - Ojogbon ti Itan, Baylor University
Diana Paton - Oluka ni Itan Karibeani, Ile-ẹkọ giga Newcastle
Lotte Pelckmans - Oluwadi, Danish Institute fun International Studies
Nicola Phillips - Ọjọgbọn ti Iṣowo Oselu, University of Sheffield
Jo Phoenix - Ọjọgbọn ti Criminology, University of Leicester
Teresa Piacentini – Sosioloji, University of Glasgow
Linda Pitelka - Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Maryville
Tamara Plakins - Thornton Ojogbon, Department of History, State University of New York, Buffalo
Jessica R. Pliley – Texas State University
George R. Iye - Olukọni, Depts. ti Awọn Ikẹkọ Ilu abinibi Ilu Amẹrika ati Itan-akọọlẹ ati Eto Awọn Ijinlẹ Amẹrika Amẹrika, University of Montana
Keith Pringle - Ọjọgbọn Emeritus ni Sociology, Ile-ẹkọ giga Uppsala, Ọjọgbọn Ọla, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Warwick, Ọjọgbọn Emeritus ni Eto Awujọ ati Iṣẹ Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Ilu Ilu London
Lara Putnam - Ọjọgbọn ati Alaga, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Pittsburgh
Joel Quirk - Alakoso Alakoso ni Awọn Ikẹkọ Oselu, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Witwatersrand
John W. Quist - Ojogbon, Shippensburg University
Parvati Raghuram – Oludari ti Ile-iṣẹ Iwadi OpenSpace, Ẹka Geography, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ṣii,
Victoria Redclift – Olukọni ni Sociology, Oluko ti Iṣẹ-ọnà ati Awọn sáyẹnsì Eniyan, University of Surrey
Marcus Rediker - Iyato Ojogbon ti Atlantic History, University of Pittsburgh
João José Reis – Ojogbon ti Itan, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Rita Ribeiro – Iranlọwọ professor, University of Minho, Portugal
David Richardson - Ojogbon Emeritus, Economic History, University of Hull
Marlise Richter – Sonke Gender Justice, South Africa
Georgia Rigg - Asiwaju Asiwaju, RECLAIM Project, Manchester
Kate Roberts - Alagbawi Agbegbe, Kalayaan, London
Stacey Robertson – Central Washington University
Caroline Robinson - Oludari Eto imulo, Idojukọ lori ilokulo Iṣẹ (FLEX)
Stephen J. Rockel - Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ, Itan-akọọlẹ, Oludari, Awọn ẹkọ Afirika, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Awọn ẹkọ aṣa, University of Toronto
Cathy Rodabaugh - Ọjọgbọn ati Awọn Ikẹkọ ile-iwe giga, Ile-ẹkọ giga Hiram (Ohio)
Dokita Marie Rodet - Olukọni ninu Itan-akọọlẹ ti Afirika, Ile-iwe ti Ila-oorun & Awọn ẹkọ Afirika (SOAS)
David R. Roediger - Foundation Distinguished Professor of American Studies and History, Kansas University
Ben Rogaly - Ojogbon ti Human Geography, University of Sussex
Pernille Røge – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, University of Pittsburgh, PA
Mary Romero - Ọmọwe Carnegie, Ọjọgbọn, Idajọ & Iwadii Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Ipinle Arizona
Benedetta Rossi - Olukọni ni Awọn ẹkọ Afirika, University of Birmingham
Stephen L. Rozman - Ọjọgbọn ti Imọ Oselu, Ile-ẹkọ giga Tougaloo
Vincenzo Ruggiero - Ojogbon, School of Law, Middlesex University
Anita Rupprecht - Olùkọ Olùkọni, University of Brighton
Alex Sager – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, Portland State University
Chandler B. Saint – Alakoso, Ile-iṣẹ Beecher House fun Ikẹkọ Awọn ẹtọ Dọgba, Alakoso-alakoso Ṣiṣe iwe-ipamọ Venture Smith Project
Mohammed Bashir Salau - Alakoso Alakoso ti itan, University of Mississippi
Kerstin Sandell - Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ, Awọn Ẹkọ nipa akọ-abo, Ile-ẹkọ giga Lund, Sweden
Lena Sawyer – Associate Ojogbon ti Social Work, Gothenburg University, Sweden
Marta Scaglioni - Oludije PhD ni University of Bayreuth, Jẹmánì, ati Milano-BIcocca, Italy
Carl-Ulrik Schierup - Ojogbon, REMESO
Institute for Research on Migration, Eya ati Society, Linköping University, Sweden
Annelie Schlaug - Oludije PhD Alafia ati Iwadi Rogbodiyan, Ile-ẹkọ giga Lund, Sweden
Camille Schmoll – Laboratoire CNRS Géographie-cités, Université Paris
Patricia Schor – Utrecht University
Rebecca J. Scott - Ojogbon ti Itan ati Ofin, University of Michigan
Ahmadou Sehou – Enseignant chercheur, Département d'histoire, Université de Maroua, Cameroun
Giorgia Serughetti – University of Milano-Bicocca
Svati P. Shah - Alakoso Alakoso, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Nandita Sharma – Oludari, Eto Ijinlẹ Aṣa Kariaye ati Ọjọgbọn Alabaṣepọ, Ẹka ti Sosioloji, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Hawaii ni Manoa
Eva Sheppard Wolf - Ojogbon ti Itan, San Francisco State University
Robbie Shilliam – Reader in International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
Isabel Shutes – Iranlọwọ Ojogbon, London School of Economics ati Oselu Imọ
James Sidbury - Andrew W. Mellon Iyatọ Ojogbon ti Awọn Eda Eniyan, University Rice
Nando Sigona - Olukọni Agba & Birmingham Fellow, Igbakeji Oludari, Institute for Research into Superdiversity, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham
Stephanie Silverman – The Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa
Ibrahim Sirkeci – Ria Financial Ojogbon, Regent ká Center fun Transnational Studies, Regent ká University London
Ala Sirriyeh – Olukọni ni Sociology, Keele University
Wolbert GC Smidt - Ọjọgbọn ẹlẹgbẹ ni Ethnohistory, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ ati Awọn ẹkọ Asa, Ile-ẹkọ giga Mekelle, Etiopia
Gretchen Soderlund - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan Media, Ile-iwe ti Iwe iroyin ati Ibaraẹnisọrọ, University of Oregon
Stacey Sommerdyk – University of the Witwatersrand
Tim Soriano - Oludije PhD ni Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Illinois ni Chicago
Randy J. Sparks - Ojogbon ti Itan, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
Suzanne B. Orisun omi - Olukọni Agba ni kikọ ati Rhetoric, Colgate University
James Brewer Stewart - James Wallace Ọjọgbọn ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Emeritus, Ile-ẹkọ giga Macalester, Oludasile, Awọn onitan Lodi si Ifiranṣẹ
Julia Suárez-Krabbe - Alakoso Alakoso, Ẹka Aṣa ati Idanimọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Roskilde
James H. Sweet - Vilas-Jartz Iyatọ Ojogbon, Ẹka ti Itan, University of Wisconsin
Sachi Takaya – Associate Ojogbon, Okayama University, Japan
Stephanie Tamby - Oludije PhD, Oluko ti Awọn ẹkọ Awujọ ati Awọn Eda Eniyan, University of Mauritius
Dokita Anastasia Tataryn - Ile-iwe Ofin Warwick, University of Warwick
Mekonnen Tesfahuney – Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ, Ẹka ti Geography, Media & Ibaraẹnisọrọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Karlstads, Sweden
Patrizia Testaì - oluwadi, Aabo fun Children Italy
Cameron Thibos – Alamọja Iṣilọ ati Olootu Ṣiṣakoṣo ti Kọja Titaja ati Ifiranṣẹ
Chuck Thiesson - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi ni Peacebuilding, Ile-ẹkọ giga Coventry
Ibrahima Thioub - Ojogbon ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Oludari Ile-iṣẹ Africain de Recherches sur les Traites et les Esclavages (CARTE), Cheikh Anta Diop, University of Dakar - Senegal
Zoe Trodd – Ojogbon ati Alaga ti American Literature, University of Nottingham
Joseph Tsigbe – Maître-oluranlọwọ d'histoire akoko, Université de Lomé
John R. Van Atta - Ile-iwe Brunswick, Greenwich, CT
Huub Van Baar - Oluranlọwọ Iranlọwọ / Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, University of Giessen, University of Amsterdam
Nicholas Van Hear - Oluwadi lori Migration, University of Oxford
Marieke van Houte – Postdoctoral Research elegbe, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
Henk van Houtum - Ile-iṣẹ Nijmegen fun Iwadi Aala, Radboud, University Nijmegen
William C. Van Norman – Associate Professor of History, James Madison University
Alex van Stipriaan - Ọjọgbọn ti Itan Karibeani, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Fiorino
Eric Vanhaute – Ojogbon Economic ati World History, Ghent University, Belgium
Jo Vearey - Ọjọgbọn ẹlẹgbẹ ati Alakoso ile-iwe giga: Ile-iṣẹ Afirika fun Iṣilọ & Awujọ, Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Witwatersrand
Alessandra Venturini - Igbakeji Oludari ti Ile-iṣẹ Ilana Iṣilọ, Ile-ẹkọ Yunifasiti ti Europe (EUI), Florence
Simona Vezzoli - Oludari Iwadi, International Migration Institute, Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford
Tom Vickers – Northumbria University
Dora-Olivia Vicol - Oludije Dphil
Maria Villares - Ẹlẹgbẹ Iwadi, Ile-iṣẹ fun Iwadi ni Iṣowo Iṣowo Ẹya Ẹya (CREME), Ile-iwe Iṣowo Birmingham
Bastian Vollmer – Leverhulme Fellow, University of Oxford
Michael Vorenberg - Associate Ojogbon ti Itan, Brown University
Iain Walker - Oluwadi Migration, University of Oxford
Dokita Kerry Ward - Alakoso Alakoso ti Itan-akọọlẹ, Ile-ẹkọ giga Rice
Klaus Weber - Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ilu Yuroopu Viadrina, Olukọ ti Awujọ ati Awọn Imọ-jinlẹ Aṣa, Iṣowo Yuroopu ati Itan Awujọ, Frankfurt (Oder)
Julia Welland - Ẹka ti Iselu ati Awọn ẹkọ Kariaye, University of Warwick
Susanne Wessendorf - Institute fun Iwadi sinu Superdiversity (IRiS), Ile-iwe ti Awujọ Awujọ, University of Birmingham
Christine Whyte – Leverhulme Tete Career Fellow, School of History, Kent University
Hanna Wikström - Oluwadi, Ẹka ti Ofin, Uppsala University; Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg
John Alexander Williams - Ojogbon, Department of History, Bradley University
David C. Williard - Oluranlọwọ Iranlọwọ, Ẹka ti Itan-akọọlẹ, University of St
Sharon E. Wood - Ojogbon ti Itan, University of Nebraska ni Omaha
Kirsten E. Wood - Associate Professor of History, Florida International University
Tryon P. Woods – Sosioloji/Anthropology/ Crime & Justice Studies, Black Studies and Women & Gender Studies, affiliate University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
Karen Woods Weierman – Ojogbon ti English, Worcester State University (Massachusetts, USA)
Agnes Woolley – Olukọni ni Contemporary Literature, Royal Holloway, University of London
Robert E. Wright – Nef Family Alaga ti oselu Aje,
Augustana College, South Dakota
Debbie Wright – Olupilẹṣẹ, Lati Ominira si igbekun, Alakoso, Ṣe Kini Ile-iṣẹ iṣelọpọ Wright
Donald Yacovone - Associate, Hutchins Center fun African ati African American Iwadi, Harvard University
Natalie Zemon Davis – Ojogbon Emeritus, Princeton University ati University of Toronto
Ojogbon Dokita Michael Zeuske - Iberische u Lateinamerikanische Abt, U zu Koeln
ZNetwork jẹ agbateru nikan nipasẹ ilawo ti awọn oluka rẹ.
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