Umthombo: Uhlalutyo
Molo, ndinguPaul Jay. Wamkelekile kwiAnalysis.news, kwaye nceda ungalibali kukho iqhosha lokunikela phezulu kwiwebhusayithi.
Isihloko se-Guardian sathi, "Isantya esididayo sesimo sezulu sikaBiden sivakala sibulala abantu ngexesha lokukhanyela." Ingxelo yeSunrise Movement bathi, "babhiyozele uloyiso olukhulu lwemozulu njengoko uMongameli uJoe Biden ebhengeze amanyathelo olawulo oluphezulu lwemozulu ukuqalisa indibano yoluntu ngokubanzi yokunqanda ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukudala izigidi zemisebenzi elungileyo, kunye nokubuyisela umva iinkulungwane zocalucalulo." Isiteyitimenti siqhubekile, "Ukuphuma kwelanga bekungeloncedo kuphela ekonyuleni uMongameli uBiden kodwa waqinisekisa ukuba ubaleka elona qonga lemozulu liqhubela phambili kwimbali, ngoku kuloyiso lombutho uMongameli uBiden uqalisa ukulandela izithembiso zakhe, ebonisa inguquko imozulu yeli lizwe, ezopolitiko kunye nembali yesizwe sethu.โ
Ngokuthandabuza ngakumbi, iNethiwekhi yeNdalo yeNdalo ithi, "Simi kwimigaqo yethu yokuba ubulungisa obunjalo kule mihlaba ibiweyo abunakufezekiswa ngezisombululo ezisekwe kwiimarike, ubugcisa obungangqinwanga, kunye neendlela ezingacuphi ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwimithombo. Ubulungisa bemozulu budlulela ngaphaya kwemeko ekhoyo kwaye bujongana ngokwenene nokungalingani kwenkqubo kunye nobukoloniyali kuluntu lwethu. "
Ukutya kunye neWater Watch ithi, "Ii-odolo ze-Biden zisilela kakhulu koko kufunekayo kwaye kufuneka zidityaniswe nezicwangciso ezinzulu zokuyeka umlutha wethu obulalayo kumafutha efosili. Sifuna i-White House ezimisele ukumisa konke ukugrumba kunye nokuqhekeka, kunye nokuvala naziphi na iindlela zokuthumela amafutha efosili kumazwe angaphandle.
Isicwangciso esibhengezwe nguBiden ngokuqinisekileyo kukuhamba ngokugqibeleleyo kwiminyaka emine yokukhanyela imozulu. Kodwa ngaba iya kude ngokwaneleyo kwaye ikhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba isebenze ekuthinteleni ukufudumala ekufikeleleni kwi-1.5 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwamaqondo obushushu aphambi koshishino?
Kuyakhuthaza ukuba uJohn Kerry, umlawuli omtsha wemozulu, wathi i-1.5 degrees yayiyinjongo hayi izidanga ezimbini ekudla ngokuthethwa ngazo. Kodwa ngaba esi sicwangciso ngokwenene siya kusisa apho?
Ngoku ukujoyina kwethu ukuvavanya isicwangciso seBiden nguPatrick Bond. UPatrick yingcali yezoqoqosho kwezopolitiko, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseWestern Cape School of Government eKapa, โโeMzantsi Afrika. Wazalelwa kuMntla Ireland kwaye wenza izifundo zakhe zobugqirha kwijografi kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins eBaltimore. Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu yi-Elite Transition: From Apartheid ukuya kwiNeoliberalism eMzantsi Afrika. Ukwaququzelele iPolitiko yoBulungisa beMozulu esekelwe ekusindlekeni koMzantsi Afrika iNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-UN yowama-2011 yeSamithi yoTshintsho lweMozulu. Enkosi kakhulu ngokuzimanya nam, Patrick.
UPatrick Bond
Kumnandi ukubuyela kuwe Pawulos.
UPaul Jay
Ngoko qala ngezinto ezintle. Ngokuqinisekileyo eyona nto intle intle ubuncinci ngoku kukho incoko yokuba kukho into efana nengxaki yemozulu, kwaye ayisiyonto xa ithelekiswa neminyaka emine edlulileyo. Kodwa kunjalo, owona mbuzo ngulo, ingaba esi sisicwangciso esiya kufika apho kufuneka sibekho? Ngaba iza kusebenza okanye hayi? Ke, okokuqala, qala ngento ocinga ukuba ilungile, ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho izinto ezintle kwizibhengezo zeBiden-Kerry, emva koko masingene koko kunokuba bubuthathaka.
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo uPawulos. Andicingi ukuba kukho nabani na onokukhanyela ukuba le yinkqubela phambili enkulu ukusuka kwixesha likaTrump, kodwa amandla angakumbi kubaphembeleli, nakwiqela likaBernie Sanders kunye no-Alexander Ocasio Cortez ababekwiindibano zocweyo phakathi kuka-2020 ukuze babethelele ukuba iBiden ingenza njani. hamba ngale ndlela ngezizathu ezithathu. Okokuqala, ulwimi nje lwenguqu oluyipolitiki ye-pro-yabasebenzi yokutshintsha ukusuka kumashishini anekhabhoni. Ibaluleke kakhulu, ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ihlala ingahoywa kwaye ithanda ukuvelisa imisebenzi eyenziweyo ngokuchasene nezahlulo zokusingqongileyo.
Okwesibini, ngokuqinisekileyo kukuvuma ubuhlanga bokusingqongileyo. I-United States ibe nale ngxaki yokuba ukudityaniswa kobuhlanga kunye nommelwane kwelinye icala kunye neendawo zongcoliseko oluphezulu kwelinye ziyinto engaqhelekanga. URobert Bullard, isifundiswa ngoku eTexas, wayebaluleke kakhulu ekuboniseni oku. Kwaye kuthathe ixesha ukuba iiDemokhrasi zithathe le nto. Kodwa ndiyibona njengenqaku elicacileyo kwisicwangciso seBiden.
Kwaye okwesithathu kuluhlu lwe-micro-interventions enokuthi ibe kwiskimu sezinto zonke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuba banika abagqugquzeli - umzekelo i-350.org yayilwa kakhulu ne-Keystone pipeline, iphiko layo elisenyakatho ukusuka eCanada ukuya eNebraska, ngoku. phantse igqitywe, kodwa yavalwa - uninzi lwamagatya anokuthi amise ukombiwa kwe-oyile engaselunxwemeni kunye nerhasi kumhlaba womdibaniso, ukutshintshela kwinkxaso-mali yamandla avuselelekayo, kunye neemoto zombane. Zonke ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba loshishino kunye notshintsho oluncinci oluya kubaluleka kwakhona ukunika ukuzithemba kumatsha ntliziyo ukuba athathe inyathelo elilandelayo.
Ke ndibona izinto ezintle ngokupheleleyo kodwa iflegi yeNethiwekhi yokusiNgqongileyo yeNdawo kuqala ukuba zizicwangciso zentengiso, kwaye iFood and Water Watch inexhala malunga nokuqhekeka okuqhubekayo. Ezo zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ndingaphinda ndithathele ingqalelo kakhulu imilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi xa kunikwa irekhodi likaJohn Kerry kwinkqubo ye-UN.
UPaul Jay
Ewe, enye yezinto zokuqala awazenzayo uMongameli uBiden ngosuku lokuqala lobumongameli bakhe yayikukubuyisela i-United States kwizivumelwano zaseParis malunga nemozulu, iSivumelwano saseParis. Kubekho ukugxekwa okukhulu kweso siVumelwano saseParis. Ukuyijoyina kwakhona, ukuba akukho nto yimbi, ilungile ngokomfuziselo kuba iphelisa ukukhanyela kweTrump ngendlela esemthethweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba iSivumelwano saseParis sesinye, mhlawumbi kungekhona uhlobo lokukhanyela ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa oko abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuphepha. Ke singakanani esi sicwangciso sitsha seBiden kukuphepheka, kunomfuziselo ngakumbi kunokwenyani, kwaye iphosa ntoni?
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-US ijongane nemilinganiselo yehlabathi yengxaki. Kukho ulwimi apho endiya kuba nexhala malunga nokukhusela imozulu, kuba iPentagon inenxaxheba ekuzameni ukuthintela ababaleki bemozulu ukuba babe ngumthombo weentlobo zeengxabano eziseDarfur, kunye nemizabalazo yangaphakathi yaseSudan, okanye eSiriya apho kukho. yaba yimbalela eyakhokelela ekubeni abantu bafudukele ezixekweni. Ngamanye amagama, uhlobo lwemikhwa ejikeleze umhlaba malunga nesiphithiphithi kunye nokuwohloka kwamazwe kuyandiswa xa kukho iingxaki zemozulu.
Akukho mbuzo wokuba iPentagon ibiyazi loo nto. Banomsebenzi omkhulu, iMinerva, kunye nezifundiswa ngemali yokufunda apho ezi ngxabano zikhoyo. Ke kukho uhlobo oluthile lokhuseleko, kwaye kukho, ewe, uninzi lwemikhwa e-US yobuhlanga, kwaye ezo ziye zaphuma kulawulo luka-Obama. Waye "ngumgxothi oyintloko". Xa kukho iimbacu zemozulu ezisuka kuMbindi Merika ziza, ziphelelwe lithemba ngenxa yeemeko, izaqhwithi ezoyikekayo eziye zabetha kuMbindi Merika, ke abaphembeleli base-US kuya kufuneka bongeze ubuzwe babo bamazwe ngamazwe.
Kodwa eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba i-US yayiyi-saboteur yayo nayiphi na into elungileyo phantsi kolawulo luka-Obama. Xa uJohn Kerry wayengunobhala welizwe, naphambi kwakhe uHillary Clinton. Ngokudibeneyo, kwaye ngakumbi kunye ne-arhente yabo ephambili kwiSebe likaRhulumente, umthethi-thethwano oyintloko wale nkqubo ye-UN evela kwicala lase-US, u-Todd Stern, babesoyikeka ngokupheleleyo kuba babenakho konke ukunyanzeliswa kunye neekherothi. Kwaye kunye, oku ibikukutshabalalisa eyona miba ibalulekileyo yaso nasiphi na isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe osifunayo.
Ngaba ndingakuphosela nje into evela kwilizwe lakho laseCanada, iProtocol yaseMontreal eya kuba ngumzekelo omhle. Kwaye oko kwakungo-1987 xa nolawulo lweReagan kunye neenkampani ezifana neGeneral Electric kunye neDow ezaziyinxalenye kunye nenxalenye yemveliso ye-chlorofluorocarbon kwafuneka ukuba zivume ukuba isoyikiso esikhulu, umngxuma we-ozone okhulayo ngenxa yeCFC's emoyeni, kwafuneka unqunyanyiswe.
Kwaye isisombululo yaba yikepusi ethe ngqo. Yayisithintelo sokukhutshwa kweCFC kwixesha elizayo emva ko-1996. Uyazi, kukho ukuqhatha okuncinci. Bekukho izinto ezikhutshwayo zeHCFC ezivela eTshayina, kwaye ezo sele zijongiwe, kodwa luhlobo lwemodeli yethu yendlela ongathanda ukuyenza ngayo ngorhulumente othatha umyalelo kunye nolawulo.
UPaul Jay
Kwaye kuyasebenza.
UPatrick Bond
Iye yasebenza. Kwaye umngxuma we-ozone awusakhuli kwaye uphantsi kolawulo. Kwaye le yingxaki yokuba KULUNGILE, kukho imithombo embalwa, iinkampani ezimbalwa, kunye neefriji, kunye ne-underarm deodorants ebezikhupha ezi, kwaye ungayibuyisela.
I-CO2 kunye ne-methane, iigesi eziphambili ze-greenhouse zisasazeke kakhulu kwaye impembelelo yokuphuma ngokukhawuleza iya kuba sisidubedube ngakumbi kulo lonke uqoqosho, ngakumbi le ndihlala kuyo, eMzantsi Afrika, eyindawo yesithathu enkulu xa ukhupha. thatha ngomntu ngamnye izinto ezikhutshwayo, malunga neetoni ezilithoba, zibekwe njengenombolo ye-11, kodwa ukwahlulahlule nge-GDP.
Ke olona qoqosho lwethu lukhotyokiswe yikhabhoni ehlabathini yiKazakhstan, iCzech Republic, kunye noMzantsi Afrika. Ke kwilizwe elinje, ndibona ukubaluleka ngokucokisekileyo kunokuba bendiya kucinga ukuba abanye baya kwenza ngolungiselelo oluhle lwamazwe ngamazwe olufana ne-Montreal Protocol. Ngoku, ingxaki kukuba ukusuka kwi-1997, i-US yaqala ukungenelela kwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo ipolitiki yemozulu, njengokunyanzelisa ukuba bathengise umoya njengeqhinga, oku kuthetha ukuthengiswa kwekhabhoni. Oko kuthetha ukuba inkampani yase-US eyayikhupha kakhulu inokuthenga ilungelo lokungcolisa kwinkampani eyayingakhuphi kakhulu, kwaye inokungena kwiimarike, kwaye ezi zixa-mali zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ethereal kunye neyentsomi ezinokuvulwa njengeemvume ungcoliseko lwangeniswa.
Kwaye ngo-2004, 2005, baye baba siskimu sokurhweba se-European Union, esona skimu sikhulu. E-US, iChicago Exchange, kunye neemarike ezimbalwa zengingqi zavulwa. IChicago Exchange, uGore waxhaswa kwaye wayekhuthaza ngokwenene emva kokuba ephulukene nonyulo lukamongameli ngo-2009, kwaye wenza njalo kwifilimu. Waphumelela iBhaso leNobel kuyo, kwaye eso sicwangciso se-Al Gore saphuka ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba iimarike zezemali zawa. Kwaye oko, kum, sesinye sezifundo ezikhulu ukuba njengoko singena kwi-bubble engaqhelekanga - abantwana kwi-reddit banokushukumisa iimali ezinkulu zeheji kunye neWall Street. Oko bakubiza ngokuba yi-Buffett indicator - umlinganiselo wemali yemarike - ixabiso leemarike zentengiso zehlabathi.
Ke i-GDP, imveliso, ikumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Enyanisweni uMzantsi Afrika ufumene elona nqanaba liphezulu lesizwe embalini ngoku. Ke ngamaqamza emali ngoku, ukubona iikhredithi zekhabhoni zibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqikelela. Yiyo loo nto i-US, xa yaziswa kwi-1997 ngesithembiso sokuba ukuba ubeka kwiimarike zekhabhoni, thina, i-US siya kusayina. Kwaye kunjalo, i-US ayizange iyenze, ayizange isayine eKyoto.
Kwaye ke inxalenye elandelayo yeli bali, ngokukhawuleza njengoko eCopenhagen 2009, kunye noBarack Obama bangena egumbini. Wayeyazi njani indawo amakaye kuyo? Kungenxa yokuba i-NSA yayibhuqa abachasi bayo ababethethathethana. Yayingoobani? Ewe, inkulumbuso yase China, uWen Jiabao, inkulumbuso yaseIndiya, uManmohan Singh, uLula, umongameli waseBrazil, noMongameli woMzantsi Afrika, uZuma, bangena.
Wafumana aba bafana bane apho babizwa ngokuba yiBASIC group โ Brazil, South Africa, India, China. Wabafumana, kunye noHillary Clinton kunye noTodd Stern bathi, nantsi isivumelwano. Liphepha nje elinye leSivumelwano seCopenhagen, kwaye ngokusisiseko ithi hey uyangcolisa, ndiyangcolisa, sisivumelwano. Kunene. Kwaye le yayiyisivumelwano, njengoko uBill McKibben (umsunguli we-350.org) wathi, "wavuthela iZizwe eziManyeneyo". โYayiyiLeague yabangcolisi [yaba] ngabangcolisi Abagqwesileyo.โ
Kwaye yayingabo ababesithi asifuni kubanezithintelo ezibophelelayo. I-Kyoto ibibophelelekile kwaye asifuni naziphi na izohlwayo. Asifuni nawaphi na amabhongo okwenyani okuhlisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ziye kwinqanaba. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kulapho singene khona kule minyaka ilishumi. UBarack Obama wayefumene iBhaso loXolo lweNobel kusuku nje olungaphambili. Kunene. Umlo awayenguye, kwaye emva koko wabhuqa nantoni na enzulu kwi-UNFCCC. Ndibulela ukulunga kweeWikiLeaks kunye nokukhutshwa kuka-Ed Snowden malunga nendlela i-NSA esebenza ngayo.
Siyazi phantsi kwiinkcukacha zombini iintambo zeSebe likaRhulumente - ukuvuza kwe-Chelsea Manning - malunga nokuba ngo-2009 kunye no-2010 ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyoba kwakuyi-modus operandi yeSebe lase-US. Kwaye ke siyazi kwii-imeyile zikaHillary Clinton ukuba u-Todd Stern wayethumela i-imeyile ukuba wayesenza njani kwaye ezama ukutshabalalisa iziseko zolingano. Uthe โukuba i-equity ingenile, siphumileโ. Uyixelele loo nto kubathethi-thethwano apha eMzantsi Afrika, eThekwini ngo-2011. Ndicinga ukuba ufumana isithethe sama impiriyali ase-US, i-climate impiriyali, emva koko abambalwa, mandibabize ngokuba ngama-impiriyali angaphantsi kwemozulu-uhlobo lwesibini olufana noMzantsi. Afrika โ zibandakanye kwaye emva koko ube nesivumelwano semozulu saseParis esineziphene ezibulalayo. Ndicinga ukuba kwenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokulunga ukukhuthaza eso sicwangciso kweli nqanaba.
UPaul Jay
Ukugxekwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nodliwanondlebe endilwenzileyo kwi-Analysis.news ngaphambi koloyiso lukaBiden lwesicwangciso semozulu seBiden.
Ukujonga kwiwebhusayithi yakhe, bekukho ukuthembela ngokupheleleyo ekubanjweni kwekhabhoni, kuncinci kakhulu enyanisweni akukho nto malunga nokuphelisa amafutha efosili. Ukucinga ukuba ezi thagethi ngoku zibonakala ngakumbi, lithini igama, ngesibindi ukubetha i-1.5 endaweni ye-2 - endivuyayo ukuyibona - kodwa ngaba basathembele kakhulu kwinto eya kuba yitekhnoloji yokubamba ikhabhoni, oko kukuthi, njengoko Ndiyayiqonda, ayikaqinisekiswa. Kwaye zibonakala zikhaphukhaphu ekupheliseni izibonelelo zefosili, kodwa azibonakali zisenza le nto ubuthetha ngayo kwiSivumelwano saseMontreal, apho uthatha nje umhla kwaye uwine uwiso-mthetho lwamafutha efosili angasebenzi.
UPatrick Bond
Ngokuchanekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba ezi zii-neoliberals zeshishini akunjalo? Ndithetha ukuba, isiko leBiden, uvela eDelaware, eyona ndawo iphambili yerhafu e-US Uphinde wakhuthaza umdla wecandelo lezemali. Ibhili yebhanki ingumzekelo omhle. Ndicinga ukuba kuthetha ukuthini, nangona kunjalo, uPaul, ayisiyotekhnoloji kaGqirha Strangelove eluhlobo olungavavanywanga, olungavavanywanga, kwaye luyingozi kakhulu, luzama ukufunxa ikhabhoni phantsi komhlaba. Ngethemba lihlala apho. Kodwa siyazi ukuba xa ithe yagqabhuka, amafu amakhulu ekharbon diokside anokuba ngababulali abaninzi.
Siye sabona oku kwiindawo ezifana neCameroon (iLake Nyos CO2 eruption, 1986), kodwa eyona nto iphambili bafuna ukwenza i-net-zero ukuze bazame ukuzenza ngathi la maqhinga e-accounting angabavumela ukuba baqhubeke bekhupha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngethemba lincinci kwicala lamandla kodwa, kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinye iindawo kukho izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela e-US kula manqanaba erekhodi. Kwaye ke uthenge ilungelo lokungcolisa kwezinye iindawo. Ke ezi zinto zikhutshiweyo kunye norhwebo lwekhabhoni ziya kubaluleka.
Kwaye eneneni, kwisicwangciso sikaBiden, uxoxa ngokucacileyo ngezisombululo ezisekwe kwintengiso eAmazon. Ngoku siyazi ukuba kukho i-maniac uJair Bolsonaro oqhuba iBrazil, kwaye uvumela amaqabane akhe, abenza isoya kunye neenkomo kunye namaplanga kunye nemigodi yonakalisa iAmazon. Imililo yehlathi rhoqo ngoJulayi, Agasti, Septemba, Novemba, Okthobha ephuma kulawulo. Ke nantoni na esinokuyenza ukuzama ukufumana uxinzelelo olungakumbi ku-Bolsonaro ukuba angakuvumeli oku kwiminyaka yakhe eseleyo e-ofisini ibalulekile.
Kodwa sele sisazi kakhulu ukuba i-Amazon ithenga umhlaba kunye nemizamo yokufumana i-corrals - kukho isicwangciso "sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokuwohloka kwamahlathi" (REDD +), kukho zonke iindlela zeendlela zophuhliso ezicocekileyo eziye zasetyenziswa ehlathini. , amahlathi ashinyeneyo, ehlabathini lonke. Kwaye iAmazon ichatshazelwe kakhulu lizame, ngakumbi ngabatyali-mali baseCalifornia abayinxalenye yeBhodi yeMithombo yoMoya yaseCalifornia ukuthenga ezi khredithi zeREDD.
Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba banokuqhubeka nokungcolisa eCarlifonia kwaye benze ngathi bakhusela umhlaba kuMbindi waseMelika nakuMzantsi Merika. Kodwa ndingakhuthaza ababukeli bakho ukuba baye kwiwebhusayithi yeAmazon Watch (https://amazonwatch.org) kuba ibiyenye yeendawo eziphambili zomzabalazo apho amakhulukhulu ezazinzulu athi ayisebenzi.
Kukuziphatha okubi. Indlela okhusela ngayo iAmazon ayinamveliso kuba ugxotha abanye abantu basehlathini, abantu bomthonyama, abakwaziyo ukulawula iAmazon. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye. Kodwa njengoko nditshoyo, xa uthembele kwiibhanki ukuzama ukulungisa ingxaki yenkulungwane yethu, ingxaki yemozulu, kwaye siyazi ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngoku kwihlabathi lezemali, bonakele kwaye bayabawa kwaye banomdla kwaye banexesha elifutshane. -ist kwaye abakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukulawula ukuzilawula kwabo ngokwasezimalini.
Kwaye bavumela zonke iintlobo zesiphithiphithi sezixhobo ezitsha ezingaqhelekanga ukuba zingene. Ngoko ke ndingaxhalaba kakhulu ukuba le ndlela yokuqhelaniswa neBiden, uKerry kunye nabantu abamngqongileyo malunga nokuthengisa izinto zabucala. Ukuyithengisa kumthengisi ophezulu kwaye uyibeke kwimarike eyenziwe yibhanki iya kuba yimpumelelo njengoko kwakunjalo ngeChicago Climate Exchange, eyawa ngo-2010.
UPaul Jay
Kulungile yintoni ikepusi kunye nezinto zorhwebo, kunye nokudala utshintshiselwano, olungaphandle mhlawumbi ndixelelwe impumelelo ethile eCarlifonia, ibe ikakhulu ngumsi kunye nezipili kwenye indawo? Ukuba oko kuchanekile. Kodwa bathetha ngerhafu yekhabhoni kunye namaxabiso kwiindleko zangempela zekhabhoni. Kukho ulwimi oluninzi, kubonakala ngathi, kwisicwangciso se-Biden-Kerry ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ezininzi ezibonakala ngathi zibetha amanqaku amaninzi afanelekileyo ukuba baya kuyenza ngenene. Kodwa andizange ndiqonde nokuba irhafu yekhabhoni, amaxabiso exabiso lokwenyani lekhabhoni, ngokuchaseneyo nokulawula amafutha efosili ukuba angabikho - ngaba ikho into kwixabiso lekhabhoni? Ngaba bukho nabuphi na ubungqina bokuba inokusebenza?
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, ndiyathetha, isoloko iyingozi xa uthatha indalo kwaye usebenzisa imigaqo yokuthengisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza njalo ukubala ityala le-ikholoji elityalwa ngabangcolisi. Ke uluhlobo lokutsho, ke, ixabiso langoku lalo monakalo wendalo, oku kutsalwa kwesiseko somthombo, kuya kuba njalo kwaye njalo. Kwaye ke ucinga malunga naluphi uhlobo lwembuyekezo - oku kwenziwa rhoqo. Kwaye umbuzo ngowokuba ngaba sinokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu oluqonda ngenene ukonakala kwendalo.
Kwaye esi sicwangciso se-neoliberal kunye ne-US neoliberal eqhelekileyo ibotshelelwe kakhulu ziinkxalabo zesizwe. Kwaye ke ukuba uya kwirhafu yekhabhoni uya kubona ukuba abanayo ukukhulelwa kwerhafu ekufuneka inikwe amaxhoba esiphithiphithi esidalwe yi-US ngentlawulo yetyala lemozulu. Leyo iya kuba yenye yeendlela onokuthi, Kulungile, ngaphandle kokuba ibe yimarike, kodwa sisenokuthi wenze umonakalo, kwaye umngcolisi kufuneka ahlawule isohlwayo.
Kodwa oko kwahluke kakhulu kunokuthi siza kukurhafisa, uzakuhlawula umrhumo, kwaye ke uqhubeke usenza le nto uyenzayo. Kwaye yingxaki leyo, inkqubo yerhafu iya kuba nzima kakhulu kuba wonke umntu usabela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuhlaselo.
Iingcali zoqoqosho zinegama elithi, ukunwebeka, indlela apho ixabiso eliphezulu ngenxa yerhafu linokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwakho. Kwaye ukuba ujonga awona manani mabini anomtsalane erhafu yekhabhoni, kufuneka sifunde. Enye yayiseFransi ngo-2018. Le ntshukumo yavela ngenxa yerhafu yekhabhoni kunye noxinzelelo lwabantu basemaphandleni abaxhomekeke kwigesi yepetroli ekwenzeni iintlobo zohambo olude. Kwaye emva koko e-Ecuador ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, i-IMF yayityhala urhulumente obambeleyo owayenoLenin Moreno owayekhe waphantsi kweRafael Correa pink tide, kodwa emva koko waya ekunene ngokukhawuleza.
Kwaye ke njengoko bebeka irhafu eyenze ngo-2019 uqhanqalazo oluninzi, udushe lwe-IMF, kwaye lwaphantse lwakhokelela ekubeni uLenin Moreno abhukuqwe. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba abalekele eGuayaquil, esuka eQuito, ikomkhulu, ukuze asindise urhulumente wakhe. Kwaye ezo ziintlobo zeempazamo ezicebisa ukuba awuzenzi izicelo zerhafu yekhabhoni kunye nesininzi sabemi, ngendlela esebenzayo nethatha inxaxheba, apho uchazela uluntu ngendlela uChe Guevara okanye uFidel Castro angenza ngayo. senze โ sisithi ngenene ezi ziingxaki esijongene nazo, kuza kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo athile, sizincame. Kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba irhafu yekhabhoni kufuneka isetyenziswe ngendlela eqhubela phambili kangangokuba abasebenzi abathi ngenxa yobukhapitali bancamathele kumda wezixeko. Ke bazakubhatala amatyala aphezulu okuhamba, ngakumbi ukuba banazo zindala, iimoto ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Kwaye ndingathanda ukubona ingxoxo malunga nokuba irhafu yekhabhoni njengomgaqo wamazwe ngamazwe inokusebenza na, kuba iimpahla esizingenisayo, ilaptop endithetha ngayo nawe ngoku iyimveliso yeenkqubo ezidala ukukhutshwa kwemveliso. kwaye ezo azibalwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwaye kwiphulo lokuya kwindawo ethe kratya kunye nokuzithemba ngakumbi kunye noqoqosho lwasekhaya olunxibelelene ngakumbi olungaxhomekekanga kangako kulwahlulo lwehlabathi lwabasebenzi okanye, ukuguquguquka kwemali yase-US, zonke izinto ezenza inkqubo yethu yokurhweba ibe sisiphithiphithi, ikhabhoni. irhafu esetyenziswa kurhwebo. Kwaye ibinzana lale nto, ngendlela, yirhafu yokulungelelanisa umda. Ukuba uza ngaphaya komda wam kodwa uphethe ikhabhoni edibeneyo, kulungile, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ixabiso laloo nto.
Ngoku, ixesha elinye besiya kuyithanda ngokwenene irhafu yekhabhoni ukuba umhlaba ubunzulu bekuya kuba ngokuchasene noDonald Trump ngoJuni 1, 2017, xa ephuma eParis. Uyazi, ezinye izohlwayo. Ndicinga ukuba abantu abohlukeneyo njengoNaomi Klein kunye noJoe Stiglitz kunye noNicolas Sarkozy, owayesakuba ngumongameli waseFransi, bonke bathi, ewe, loo mfo kufuneka ohlwaywe ngenxa yokuba i-US ikhupha, kwaye iimpahla zase-US zinexabiso eliphantsi kunokuba bekufanele ukuba ngenye indlela. .
Kwaye ubona ixabiso lekhabhoni yindlela yezopolitiko yokuzama ukwenza lo mzabalazo wemozulu ube yinto ebanzi kwaye ekwaziyo ukulwa nabo badlali bamandla. Kusenokubakho into kuloo nto, nayo. Ayisiyiyo apho iBiden iza kuya khona.
UPaul Jay
Kodwa ingxaki ngexabiso lekhabhoni ibonakala kum ngokukodwa isivumelwano sehlabathi malunga nexabiso lekhabhoni, kodwa nasekhaya kuphela. Kwaye ngendlela, kufuneka ndilungise into. Xa uthe ndingumKhanada, ndingummi waseKhanada kuphela xa kufuneka ndigxeke iCanada, kodwa ndingummi obini. Ke xa ilixesha lokuba ndilahle i-United States, ndinxibe ipasi lam laseMelika. Xa ilixesha lokulahla iKhanada, emva koko ndithatha indawo yam yaseKhanada.
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, amandla amaninzi kuwe.
UPaul Jay
Kodwa oko kuthethiweyo, uyazi, mhlawumbi kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, njengaxa le flegi yaqala ukuphakanyiswa malunga nemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi, njengasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s nakwiminyaka yokuqala yee-1970, kulapho yaqala khona le ncoko. Mhlawumbi ubunexesha lokwenza izivumelwano kumaxabiso ekhabhoni, kodwa kungaphaya kwayo nayiphi na inkolelo yokuba izakwenziwa ngexesha eliyimfuneko. Ungaze ulibale kumazwe ngamazwe. Nasekhaya, andiboni nto ngaphandle kwegunya elilawulayo. Ngaba uyonwabisa njani ingcamango yokuthethathethana ngeerhafu zekhabhoni?
UPatrick Bond
Uyazi, yonke into ogqiba ukuyithetha ibaluleke kakhulu kuba uchaza umahluko phakathi kwesicwangciso somda, emideni, ngamanye amazwi, kancinci kancinci. Kwaye i-marginalism, leyo yeyona nto isisiseko seengcamango kwiimarike. Ukuba bahamba kwaye batshintshe ngokweenguqu kwixabiso - utshintsho ekuboneleleni nasekufuneni - ezi zilungiso zeengcamango zezoqoqosho zase-US eziye zabaluleke kakhulu kwiqhinga leSebe likaRhulumente. Yenza izinto emdeni kancinci kancinci. Kuchanekile ukuba sifuna umzamo wokwenyani wemfazwe, njengoko kuhlala kuphawulwa, njengeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, njenge-US yenze utshintsho olukhulu, ithi, Detroit, azisekho iimoto. Masakhe amatanki. Kufuneka soyise ubuNazi. Kwaye ngulo moya, ngokucacileyo, ofunekayo.
Izicwangciso eziseludinini zamaxabiso ekhabhoni zifikelela kwezinye zezinto eziphambili iParis ezishiya ngaphandle kuPawulos. Eyona nto iphumayo inkulu ehlabathini, yiPentagon yase-US, nazo zonke iziseko zayo kunye nomsebenzi wayo wasemkhosini kwaye zishiywe ngaphandle. Omnye umtshini omkhulu oshiywe eParis lishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa, elenza zonke iikhonteyina zokudlulisa kunye neshishini lenqwelomoya, hayi abakhweli kuphela, kodwa imithwalo yomoya.
Bonke abo bashiywe ngaphandle. Elona nqaku lihlabayo, nangona, xa sithetha malunga nokuqhelaniswa nemarike yeSebe likarhulumente liza ngokuchasene nenkcaso yalo yangaphakathi, kwaye kulapho imbono eqhelekileyo ye-neoliberal kukuvumela izisombululo zemarike zilungele iingxaki zemarike. Bayibiza ngokuba yi-internalization yangaphandle, into yangaphandle kwimarike kufuneka ibekwe ixabiso. Kodwa ayiloxabiso labasebenzi abancinci e-China kuba akukho manyano yabasebenzi abanomlinganiswa ozimeleyo. Asiyixabisi loo nto.
Kwaye loo nto ingaphandle. Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo uya kuzama ukulungisa kunye nokufaka ngaphakathi.
Ngoku, ingxaki kuxa ufuna ukwenza oko, mhlawumbi unokuba nesixhobo- umngcolisi ohlawulayo โ apho uchonga ukuba ungakanani umonakalo owenziweyo. Kwaye kufuneka kubekho imbuyekezo kuloo monakalo. Kwaye kulapho ukukhanyela kwemozulu entsha, ukukhanyela ityala lemozulu, kwaye yiloo nto Todd Stern kwiSebe State US, exhaswa nguKerry naphambi kwakhe, Clinton.
Yena, ngendlela, wayenobuqhetseba obuncinci, endibonayo buphindaphindwa malunga nokuchitha imali yase-US. Siza kuba nekhulu leebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka. Kunene. Wayefana nokuxhawula izandla noDonald Trump. Uyazi, kufuneka ubale iminwe yakho emva koko. Kwaye into eyayithenjiswe nguHillary Clinton kwingqungquthela yaseCopenhagen, eyayiyi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka, ngoku liqhezu elingenamsebenzi laloo nto. Kukho intwana yokudlala malunga nemali yemozulu ngeemarike zabucala ezinokufaneleka. Kodwa eyona ngxowa-mali ingundoqo, iNgxowa-mali yeMozulu yoHlaza, eyenzelwe ukunika izibonelelo zokuxhasa uhlengahlengiso, ukomelela, ukwehla kokukhutshwa kwegesi kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, eqhuba malunga ne-10 yeedola okanye i-11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Kwaye, uyazi, besilindele i-100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ukuqala kunyaka ophelileyo, 2020. Kodwa kumngcolisi uhlawula ingcamango, ukuphikisana okubaluleke kakhulu kwangaphakathi nguTodd Stern uthethathethwano kwisivumelwano semozulu saseParis ukuba akusayi kwamkeleka ukuba netyala lemozulu okanye. amatyala avuma. Kukho nomkhweli okhethekileyo, uxwebhu olukhethekileyo oluqhotyoshelweyo luthi ukuba siyaqonda ukuba amanye amazwe akho anelahleko kumonakalo, ngendlela, uninzi lwawo olusemazantsi alukho i-inshorensi ngelixa emantla, malunga nama-60 ekhulwini lomonakalo kunyaka ophelileyo. yakhuselwa.
Emazantsi, yayisisine ekhulwini. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba uTodd Stern, uJohn Kerry, kunye noBarack Obama kunye noJoe Biden njengosekela mongameli, benze eyona nto ingalunganga onokuyicinga, thina, i-US, senza uninzi lokungcolisa imbali, kwaye asihlawuli. kuba ungcoliseko.
Siyaliphika ityala lethu lemozulu. UTrump ukhanyele utshintsho lwemozulu. Abantu baseBiden bayalikhanyela ityala lemozulu. Kwaye ndiyathemba njengoko imbuyekezo iqhubeka nokufunwa ngobulungisa nangokufanelekileyo ngabantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunye noBomi boMntu oMnyama. Ndicinga ukuba ityala lemozulu i-US kufuneka ihlawule kubantu, ithi, kulo mmandla ndikuyo, kumazantsi e-Afrika, apho eMozambique sasinesinye isitshingitshane esikhulu, iikhilomitha ezili-160 ngeyure imimoya ingena kwaye yenza umonakalo omkhulu, ebulala ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwe-1000. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba umonakalo, imbuyekezo yomonakalo womzimba, ubomi obuxabisekileyo ngaphandle, yayimalunga nekota yaloo monakalo. Kwaye naseMzantsi Afrika, apho sinamatyala emozulu, li-10 ekhulwini kuphela elifumana imbuyekezo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zoncedo. Ke ndiyathemba ukuba iba ngomnye wemibuzo esembindini, kuba i-United States, kwaye ngakumbi ulawulo lwe-Biden olunentetho eninzi malunga nobulungisa kolu xwebhu, ngokwenene kufuneka lujongane nokungekho sikweni okuye kwandwendwelwa yi-US kuthi sonke.
UPaul Jay
Ewe, kunjalo, ndivumelana nawe, kodwa ayizukwenzeka. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayizukwenzeka kulo naliphi na ixesha elibekelwe intsingiselo ngokwefestile ekhoyo ngokusithintela ukuba sibethe izidanga ezimbini kwaye emva koko zibe zithathu. Ukuqonda kwam kwizazinzulu endikhe ndathetha nazo, xa sele ubethe ezimbini, ufumana isiphumo esibizwa ngokuba yi-runaway.Xa sele ubethe ezimbini, usendleleni eya kwezintathu. Kwaye ke, emva koko ezine kwaye zikude kwaye uninzi lweplanethi alunakuphila.
Ke ngelixa ndicinga ukuba kulungile ukuphakamisa le miba yamatyala emozulu, andiqondi ukuba kufanele ukuba kugxilwe okwangoku apha, kuba okwangoku, eyona politiki yile, ngaba akhona amacandelo ee-elites ahambayo. ukufumana ngokwenene isoyikiso esikhoyo? Kwaye endaweni yokuzama nje ukwenza imali kwingxaki kwaye wenze imali kule ngxaki, yiphathe njenge-Montreal Accord, njengoko ubuqalile olu dliwanondlebe, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo thatha umgca onzima wokulawula amafutha efosili ukuba angabikho kunye namandla azinzileyo abekhona. notyalo-mali olukhulu.
Kwaye indlela endiyibeke ngayo ngolu hlobo kungenxa yokuba ngoku, njengokuba ukuphuma kweLanga kunye namanye amaqela alwela amalungelo okusingqongileyo adlale indima entle - ancedise ukuba nefuthe kwaye ayenze ibengumcimbi ngakumbi kulawulo lwe-Biden-inyani Ezopolitiko zaseMelika kukuba intshukumo ibuthathaka ngokwenene. Uyazi, inani lamalungu eCongress anokuthi ngenene axhase uhlobo lolawulo olusebenzayo lwamafutha efosili ukuba angabikho.
Unokubala kwizandla ezibini, mhlawumbi izandla ezithathu ukuba ubunesandla sesithathu. Njengombutho, njengabantu abayikhathalele ngokwenene le nto, kwaye ndingatsho ukuba ikwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngasekhohlo, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka sifumane inyani yokuba kufuneka kubekho amacandelo ee-elite angazinzanga. Ukudlala nje umsi kunye nezibuko kunye nathi kwaye bacinezelwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo yintshukumo yokuxhasa ngokwenene isenzo esisebenzayo kuba siyintoni, iminyaka elithoba, iminyaka eyi-10 ukuba izazinzulu zithi yiminyaka elishumi?
Ukuba asiyi kubetha i-1.5, asikho kufutshane nolo hlobo lwezopolitiko eNyakatho Melika kwaye andiyiboni ukuba isondele kuyo eChina. IYurophu ithetha umdlalo olungileyo. UGreta Thunburg ulunge kakhulu ekuboniseni ukuba iYurophu ithetha ngomdlalo olungileyo kwaye ayiwenzi. Umzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu, kungcono sifumane i-laser egxile ekuboneni ukuba iyenzeka na into esebenzayo apha.
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, ndiyavumelana nesantya, kodwa ipolitiki elungileyo enesantya ibalulekile. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba asikho kwiinjongo zokuthetha enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kukuchonga loo miba ye-impiriyali kunye ne-neoliberal yesenzo semozulu, umxholo obalaseleyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu, kwaye ubabuze ukuze utshintshe ukulingana kwamandla.
Ke kanye lo mboniso umbi womzabalazo owuchazayo kunye nentshukumo ekhokelwa lulutsha ephuma kwiSunrise, abasebenzi ngokuthe ngcembe beza kugxininiso, amaqela afana ne-350.org kunye neeNGO ezininzi zenza umsebenzi olungileyo, kakhulu, amaqela abaluleke kakhulu kumanyano lobulungisa bemozulu zonke. ngaphezu kwabantu bomthonyama abantu bebala e-US ndijonge kubo ngethemba lokukhula ngamandla. Ngoku, umbuzo ngulo, siyenza buthathaka njani ke imikhosi yasebukhosini? Kwaye unyanisile, akukho bantu baphezulu ngoku abalungele ukwamkela isikali seMontreal Protocol sokuvala iigesi zegreenhouse. Yinyani leyo.
UPaul Jay
Ndicinga ukuba kungakho abathile, kodwa nabo bajongelwe phantsi. Ewe. Okanye badlala njengo-Elon Musk waseMzantsi Afrika, ngoku oyena mntu usisityebi emhlabeni, edlala zonke iintlobo zeminye imidlalo ngobuchwepheshe. Kodwa kum kubonakala ngathi into eyenziwe nguGreta Thunberg kwiQonga lezoQoqosho lweHlabathi kwiveki ephelileyo uyazi kakhulu, ibifanelekile. Wenze amanqaku amabini abalulekileyo kungenelelo lwakhe olufutshane. Enye yeyokuba kukho i-accounting gimmicks kwaye ke kufuneka singaze siphumle xa sisiva malunga nezibophelelo ze-zero, kuba kufuneka ujonge, usathana kwezo nkcukacha, njengoko sele siqalisile ukwenza apha.
Ndiyathetha, asizange sibone ipolitiki yemozulu egxininise kakhulu kubuchwepheshe ukuba iya kusombulula ingxaki. Umbono onokuthi udibanise ikhabhoni phantsi kwezityalo zamandla ezitshiswe ngamalahle okanye ube nesityalo se-bionic sokuhlutha ikhabhoni emoyeni. Ezi zisekude kakhulu kwixesha elizayo, ukuba kunjalo. Kwaye ziyingozi ngokunjalo. Kodwa inqaku lesibini alenzileyo yayikukuqhubeka nesiko lakhe lokugunyazisa aba bantu baphezulu. Kwaye xa esiya eDavos okanye wayeseNew York ngoSeptemba ka-2019, wayejonge undoqo wengxaki kanye apho.
Kwaye wayicacisa into yokuba ulutsha luza kubanga amalungelo alo obomi obundilisekileyo kwizizukulwana zabo ezizayo. Kwaye abo bethu kunye nezizukulwana ezidala ezingaphumelelanga ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kufuneka babuyele emva kwaye bavumele isizukulwana esitsha sidlule. Oku kukugunyaziswa kwabantu abadala. Ngoko ke yenziwa ngokobudala, kodwa kufanelekile ukutsho, kwaye ndicinga ukuba imilinganiselo yoMntla-Mazantsi, okukhona sibona ezi ntshukumo ziphuma emazantsi, ndihlala ndidibana namaqela apha eMzantsi Afrika.
Kodwa elinye iqela, iPan African Climate Justice Alliance, babeseCopenhagen besoyikeka kwaye begunyazisa isivumelwano. Yayisihla ngoko, isebenza nonozakuzaku ngelo xesha uLumumba Di-Aping, elinye lamazwi abalaseleyo aseAfrika.
Ke ndicinga ukuba i-Dimension ye-North-South kwaye yiloo nto kwakhona, into efana ne-African-Americans kunye ne-BLM kunye nabanye abantu abanezazela. Khumbula omnye umzabalazo owawubonakala ixesha elide lingenakwenzeka, umzabalazo wokuchasana nocalucalulo, apho abantu abaninzi base-US bathi, kuhle, mhlawumbi kufuneka sithathe imibingelelo kwaye sinyamezele intlungu ukuze sifumane inzuzo. Ukuba siyakukhupha imali yethu kwezi nkampani zinengeniso zishishina eMzantsi Afrika, ezazinkulu ehlabathini ngelo xesha, iFord, GM kunye ne-IBM.
Kwaye siza kuthatha i-divestment hit kutyalo-mali lwethu ukuze sizame ukuphelisa obu lwaphulo-mthetho lulunya eluntwini. Ngoko ndicinga ukuba ezo zinto zivela ngamanye amaxesha. Kwaye umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe yinto enokuthi i-United States iqhubeke inika, kodwa inokuthi ixhamle ukuba ngandlela-thile sivelise uxinzelelo ngaphandle kwe-US ukubeka izohlwayo zemozulu e-US, ngokucacileyo ngokubambisana nabaphembeleli base-US Kwaye ndiyathemba ngokwenene. ukuba uDonald Trump uya kwenza.
UPaul Jay
Siya kuba kwiidigri ezine ngaphambi kokuba iYurophu okanye nawuphi na kwaba bantu babeke izohlwayo e-United States. Izidanga ezintlanu. Akusayi kubakho mhlaba useleyo.
Ndicinga ukuba asinakuba nenkohliso malunga nento enokwenzeka apha. Andiyi kucebisa ukuba ndisuse unyawo kwirhasi yokubonisa ubuqhophololo obufana ne-zero enetha. Kwaye ndiyathetha, ndenze iziqwenga ezininzi malunga naloo nto.
Siza kwenza ngakumbi. Isigama esipheleleyo se-net zero, kucacile ukuba kuya kubakho itekhnoloji yokubanjwa kwekhabhoni yomlingo. Hayi, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqhubeke, njengoko usitsho, ukugunyazisa ukuhlanjululwa kohlaza, izisombululo zenkohliso. Isicwangciso se-Biden kwaye ndiyaqikelela de sibone iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokuba le nto intsha yeziseko ezingundoqo iza kujongeka njani, yimalini ngokwenene abaza kuyifaka kumandla amatsha azinzileyo, kwaye ingakanani na into eza kunikwa imali yokwenza. imali yeWall Street? Asizukwazi okwangoku. Ubuncinci iyathetha malunga nezolimo ezihlaziyiweyo, ezibonakala ngathi yenye yezinto ezikwi-toolkit enokuthi incede, eyindlela yendalo, enempilo yokuguqula ezolimo ukuze ikhabhoni eninzi ibanjwe emhlabeni.
Kukhankanyiwe oko kwisicwangciso seBiden. Ngaba kuya kubakho utyalo-mali olukhulu? Ngaba baza kunyoba okanye banyanzelise ishishini lezolimo ukuba liguqukele koko? Kukho iingxoxo ezithi eneneni kunenzuzo enkulu ukwenza ezolimo ngolo hlobo.
Ndiyathetha, ngokucacileyo ndizimisele ukungazithengi iindlela, hayi ngenxa yobunyulu. Andikhathali ngokunyaniseka ukuba uBlackRock, oyena mphathi we-asethi mkhulu emhlabeni, unokuthatha impahla yakhe kweyangoku-ndicinga ukuba bakwi-100 yeetriliyoni ngoku. Ukuba banokufikelela kwi-100 leetriliyoni kwaye ngokwenene balungise ingxaki yemozulu, mababe negazi labo le-XNUMX yetriliyoni. Isizathu sokuba ndichase iindlela zokuthengisa kungenxa yokuba azisebenzi. Akukho bungqina baloo nto. Ukuba iindlela zentengiso ziyasebenza, ngesele sisendleleni eya kwisisombululo. Ndiyathetha, icace kakhulu.
Ngaba kukho ikhefu kwingcinga yecandelo lezemali njengoko limelwe lulawulo lweBiden? Ngaba ngokwenene baqala ukufumana ukuba eli ayilothuba nje lokufumana imali? Ngaba ngokwenene basongelwa? Kwaye andiyazi impendulo.
Ndifunde uLarry Fink - oyintloko yeBlackRock - wenze iintetho malunga nosoyikiso olukhoyo lwemozulu. Kwaye uninzi lolwimi lwakhe luvakala lukhulu. Kodwa xa okunene ugrumbe kwinto awayeza kuyenza, ukuba kude umsi kunye nezipili. Abazukutyala imali kumalahle. Nayiphi na inkampani eyenza ngaphezu kwe-25 yepesenti yengeniso yayo kumalahle, abayi kusebenzisa utyalo-mali apho batyala imali kwiimali zesalathiso ezipheleleyo, abangazifumaniyo ukukhetha nokukhetha izitokhwe, kwaye kukho ezinye apho bakhetha kwaye bakhethe khona. . Ke abayi kutyalomali kuyo nayiphi na inkampani enengeniso engaphezu kwama-25 ekhulwini kumalahle.
Basilele ukusixelela ukuba enye yeenkampani abatyala imali kuzo yinkampani eyohlukeneyo kakhulu. Ngoko nangona iliyesibini ngobukhulu abavelisi bamalahle eUnited States, ama-25 ekhulwini engeniso yawo ayiphumi kumalahle. Ke iBlackRock inokuqhubeka nokutyala imali kubo. Ngoko kukho i-B.S eninzi kakhulu. kuqhubeka, nto leyo ekufuneka siyibhence.
Kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba asikwazi ukufumana iindlela zokufumana ubuncinci abanye abaphezulu ebhodini kuba bafumana isoyikiso esikhoyo kwingeniso yabo.
Intshukumo yabantu, andiyiboni kwiminyaka eyi-10, kuya kubakho amandla, ngakumbi eMelika, ukuguqula izinto.
UPatrick Bond
Akukho mntu wabona iNtwasahlobo yama-Arabhu, imvukelo yaseMntla Afrika, kwaneeveki ezingaphambili eTunisia naseYiputa. Kwaye akukho mntu wabona imizabalazo eyavela ngaloo nyaka nakwihlabathi liphela. Ndiyathetha, kulapho iZiko leSifundo seSicwangciso kunye nezaMazwe ngaMazwe, itanki yokucinga yaseWashington, yabiza iminyaka yoqhanqalazo oluninzi. Ke ezi ntshukumo ziye zaphakama kwaye ziye zabhukuqa oorhulumente ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwaye umbuzo ngowokuba ngaba ngaxa lithile, ukuba ngenene iseyimeko yokuba akukho bantu baphezulu bazimisele ukwenza imarike-isekwe okanye ukujika kweqhinga elisekelwe kwidini.
UPaul Jay
Ngaba ndingatsho nje ukuba andicebisi ukuba i-elite iza nesisombululo esisekwe kwimarike. Andiqondi ukuba kukho ngokwenene isisombululo esisekwe kwimarike.
IsiVumelwano sakho saseMontreal, aboneleyo ngabaphezulu babone imfuneko yesiVumelwano saseMontreal sokulawula ezi zinto ukuze zingabikho. Hayi, andikholelwa. Sonke isisombululo esisekwe kwimarike, ndicinga ukuba kuyo yonke le nto siyibonileyo ngumsi kunye nezibuko.
UPatrick Bond
Kwaye njengoko benditshilo, ndicinga ukuba eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo malunga nokubeka iasethi yendalo esingqongileyo kwiimarike kukuba ziba zizinto eziqikelelwayo. Ngokwenene ziyi-ethereal. Kunene? Ziyinyani njengeBitcoin. Ke bayakuvuthela phezulu kwaye emva koko baya kuntlitheka kakhulu, nzulu kakhulu, yile nto sele siyibonile.
UPaul Jay
Kwaye ndingongeza enye into encinci kwingxoxo yam. Andiqondi ukuba kukho naliphi na ithuba lokuba amacandelo e-elite afumane nzulu malunga nemozulu ngaphandle kokuba kukho uhlobo lwentshukumo enkulu othetha ngayo. Izigidi zabantu ezizimisele ukuba sezitalatweni kwaye zivote ngolu hlobo. Emva koko andiqondi ukuba inokwenzeka.
Ewe, injalo loo nto kwaye ingxaki ke kulapho uye wafumana khona icandelo labasebenzi kumanqanaba okuqala ale ntshukumo. Ufumene uhlobo lweeNGO ezinkulu ezisibhozo zokusingqongileyo eWashington. Kwaye, uyazi, ungathi, kulungile, bazakuba ngqongqo kunye neBiden ngaphandle komnye okanye ezimbini. Uyazi, iGreenpeace ihlala iphuma ngasekhohlo kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa kum kubonakala ngathi kulapho ulwahlulo lwabasebenzi phakathi kwabashiyi bemithi kunye nabenzi bejam โโnjengoko uJesse Jackson wayesoloko ethanda ukuchaza, kufuneka kucace ngakumbi.
Abaxumi bemithi bahlala besebenzisa imigaqo yobulungisa bemozulu, izicwangciso zokuhlalutya, amaqhinga kunye nobudlelwane, kubandakanywa, uyazi, umanyano kunye nephiko eliphambili lentshukumo yabasebenzi kunye nabantu bebala abaxhalabele kakhulu malunga nefuthe kuluntu. Uyazi, iNew Orleans yahlaselwa kakhulu yimpembelelo kaKatrina ngo-2005, ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho abantu abafumana umvuzo ophantsi bahlala khona, abantu abamnyama bahlala.
Kwaye ezi ntlobo ndicinga ukuba, ipolitiki yekhohlo iya kuhlala ibeka uxinzelelo. Into endiya kuzikhathaza ngayo yinkxalabo efanayo esasinayo malunga no-Barack Obama oza kulawulo ekuqaleni kuka-2009, ukuba wafumana ipasi elikhululekile, i-honeymoon, ukuze akhuphe i-Wall Street kwaye avumele iibhanki ukuba zinqumle abaninimzi base-Afrika-baseMelika. Ke kulapho abenzi bejam โโngaphakathi kwinkqubo okanye ii-NGOs ezinofikelelo oluthile okwangoku, nokuba yintoni na enokubandakanya, kufuneka zikhuthaze amazwi agxekayo ngaphandle.
Kungenjalo, baza kutsalwa kanye, uyazi, ubume be-elite quo, kwaye oko kuya kubandakanya, ndiyacinga, amazwe ngamazwe. Yiyo loo nto xa eGlasgow, ukuba kuyenzeka ngoNovemba okanye ngoMeyi, inokulibaziseka ngenxa ye-Covid-19 engekabiphantsi kolawulo. IGlasgow COP26 yenye endiyaziyo ukuba abaqhubela phambili baseBritane bayahlanganisana ngenene ukuba babe nembono ebaluleke kakhulu yangaphandle kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye siye safumana kwixesha elidlulileyo le-COP's (IiNgqungquthela zamaQela) okanye iinkomfa ze-Polluter's, uninzi lwenu uyazi, iingxoxo ezinomdla zobuchule.
Ngaba uyazivala iihotele? Njengokuthi, iWashington, DC ngo-2000, ukuzama ukunqanda abathunywa ukuba bangangeni okanye njengonyaka omnye uMichael Hart wacebisa, mhlawumbi kufuneka ubangenise kwaye uqiniseke ukuba abahambi kude kube isivumelwano senziwe. Uyazi, into yokulinganisa ngokwenene. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba sinokuyilungela loo nto kwixeshana elifutshane malunga nokuba i-Glasgow 26 ingaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yomzabalazo apho abaxumi bemithi baya kugungqa kakhulu kwaye abenzi be-jam baya kuxhamla ngokupheleleyo.
UPaul Jay
Kwaye ndicinga kanye ngeli xesha langoku lezopolitiko. Kufuneka kubekho e-United States imfuno yokwenyani yokuba i-bipartisanship ngokuyimfuneko kukuyekelela kunye ne-climate denier. Ukuba le yimeko yonxunguphalo yelizwe kwaye akukho ndawo yamaqela amabini. AmaRiphabhlikhi kufuneka aphathwe njengombutho wolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwaye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ulawulo lweBiden kufuneka lulawule ngokungathi akukho maRiphabhlikhi kwiSenethi.
Kwaye ngethemba ukuba bakwenzile oko zombini kwimiba yobulungisa kwezoqoqosho kunye nemiba yemozulu, asiyi kubona impinda ka-2010 apho iiDemocrats zanikezela izinto kumaRiphabhlikhi egameni le-bipartisanship. Baye bachitha nto kwaye balahlekelwa yiSenethi, kwaye konke kuyenzeka kwakhona.
UPatrick Bond
Owu, yinyani ukuba isheke ye-2000 yeedola ethenjiswe eGeorgia ngoku i-1400 yeedola, kwaye ayizukuba kwangoko njengoko bekuthenjisiwe ngoMatshi. Kwaye sele sibona iimpawu zokungabinamsebenzi ukuya kwiziko usuka eBiden. Mhlawumbi uya kufunda okuthile kwaye uya kulahlekelwa ukuthandwa njengoko kusenzeka. Ngaba ayisiyongxaki ekhohlisayo, nangona kunjalo, kuba ngendlela oyibeka ngayo, elona qela lemigulukudu kwimbali yehlabathi njengoko uNoam Chomsky echaza iQela leRiphabhlikhi. Kwelinye icala ichaza ngokucacileyo i-elites evalile kwaye ingenzeki ukuba i-US isayine iProtocol yaseKyoto okanye ngokwenene yenza nantoni na eluncedo, kuba ukuba uyijika ibe sisivumelwano, ayiphumeleli kwiSenethi yase-US egcweleyo. yabakhanyeli bemozulu kwelinye icala.
Kodwa kwelinye icala, unaso esi siseko singaqhelekanga sokukhanyela imozulu esiphenjelelwa liyelenqe lethiyori ebonisa ukuba ulawulo lwale ngxaki inkulu yinxalenye yehlelo likaSathana okanye urhulumente omnye wehlabathi.
Uyazi, indlela i-Far-right isebenzise imozulu njengenxalenye yezixhobo zayo zokuba kutheni singathandi nantoni na enokuyenza nge-ajenda yenkqubela, kuba imozulu yintsomi kwimbono yabo enika isizathu sokutshintsha uqoqosho. ngokugqithisileyo. Kulapho ke inguqu enobulungisa, kulapho abasebenzi base-US, apha eMzantsi Afrika, bafuna ukubandakanyeka kakhulu kwaye babe nombono othe chatha wokuba inguqu ye-eco-socialist inokusebenza njani ngokusemdleni wabasebenzi.
Kwaye andiqondi ukuba kukho enye indlela yokuyibeka. Unokubona intshukumo yabasebenzi base-United States ihamba ngokukhawuleza kweli cala, kodwa ekugqibeleni amandla emali kunye namandla enzuzo aya kusebenza ngokuchasene nolo tshintsho.
Kwaye kuya kuba njalo ndiyacinga, le ngxaki inomdla kakhulu. Imikhosi eqhubela phambili yase-US yazichonga njani iintshaba zabo kwi-Republican Party, kodwa zama ukudambisa ubuhlanya obenzeka naphakathi kwabantu abasebenzayo abathenga kwi-QAnon okanye amanye amayelenqe okuphika imozulu kwisiseko. Ndicinga ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokwenza oko kusesenzweni. Liphulo lomzabalazo kwaye lihlala linxulumene nendlela abasebenzi noluntu olunokufumana ngayo umanyano. UMzantsi Afrika ube yindawo apho bekunzima khona.
Sade sagetyengwa nenkokeli yasekuhlaleni (uFikile Ntshangase, owayekhokela ilungu leMfolozi Community Environmental Justice Organisation) kwiinyanga nje ezintathu ezidlulileyo ngenxa yokuba wayekwazi ukulwa nomgodi wamalahle [eSomkhele]. Nabantu abanxulumene nalo mgodi, nemibutho yabasebenzi balapho, exhasa ukumbiwa kwamalahle, bayomdubula eHluhluwe-iMfolozi.
Ume njengophawu lwendlela esisilele ngayo ukufumana olo tshintsho lokumanyanisa abantu abahluphekayo nabasebenzayo, iinkokeli zabasetyhini, ngakumbi kolu luntu. Ndiyathemba ukuba lelo linqanaba elilandelayo lentshukumo yethu yokwakha. Kwaye kufuneka ikhawuleze, njengoko usitsho.
UPaul Jay
Kwaye ndicinga ukuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba kukho nayiphi na intando yezopolitiko ukuyenza, kukuba, inombolo yokuqala, ulawulo lweBiden njengenxalenye yesi sicwangciso kufuneka luphume kwaye lutsho ngokucacileyo ukuba wonke umsebenzi osebenza kwishishini lekhabhoni ngoku uya kuqinisekiswa. ingeniso kwinqanaba elifanayo njengoko betshintshela kwezinye iintlobo zemisebenzi.
Akwanelanga ukutsho ukuba baya kuba nemisebenzi kwicandelo lamandla azinzileyo kuba alihlawuli kakhulu njengoko benzayo ngoku. Kufuneka baqinisekiswe ngenqanaba lomvuzo endaweni yokuba iFed ichithe iitriliyoni zeedola ukuze ijusi kwimarike yemasheya. Kuya kuba yincinci yaloo mali ukuqinisekisa inqanaba labasebenzi bekhabhoni, abasebenzi be-fossil fuel ukugcina umgangatho wabo wengeniso yangoku.
UBob Pollin wenza izibalo ePennsylvania. Yintoni eya kuthatha ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi begesi ePennsylvania kunye nabantu abasebenza kweli candelo. Yimali encinci xa ithelekiswa noko bebekwenza ukuxhasa ukhuseleko lwempahla.
Ke into yesibini kukuba kwakha kwakho imfazwe yamakhaya eUnited States ukulungisa imiba emikhulu kakhulu. Kwaye kusenokubakho imfuneko yokuba kubekho imfazwe yamakhaya apha, kuba kukho amacandelo oluntu angasoze acengelwe nangantoni na.
Ndicinga ukuba ligcuntswana lokwenyani, kodwa awunakuba nepolitiki yokucenga ama-20 eepesenti ethe yanenzondelelo yempambano kwaye izama ukugalela phantsi imigaqo-nkqubo ukuba ngandlel' ithile ingachasanga loo pesenti yama-20 anenzondelelo yempambano.
Ke le nto uyithethayo, ndiyavumelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yenguqu yokwenyani eyinyani... Ndithe kolunye udliwanondlebe, ukuba uBiden akatyholwa ngamaRiphabhlikhi ngokuba nguzwilakhe, indlela iFDR eyayityholwa ngayo. umntu onguzwilakhe, ngoko akenzi oko kufuneka kwenziwe.
UPatrick Bond
Ewe, kwaye ngokunjalo ukuba amatsha ntliziyo akaqhubeki nokubeka uxinzelelo. Uyazi, ungammbambazeli emqolo kakhulu njengoko benzile kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ngoko akayi kushukuma. Kwaye, uyazi, ndithatha ukholo lwam kwinto efana kakhulu ne-paradox apho ufumana abantu abakhanyelayo imozulu kwiziseko zabahluphekileyo kunye neqela labasebenzi kwilizwe elifana ne-US Kwaye safumanisa ukuba kweli lizwe kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. kumzabalazo wokufumana amayeza kagawulayo.
Ngoko ke malunga nezigidi ezisixhenxe abantu abaphila ne-HIV bebewadinga la mayeza. Ngoku, kwakukho uhlobo lukaDonald Trump kumongameli, uThabo Mbeki, owayengakholelwa kuGawulayo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba asuswe endleleni ekugqibeleni. Oko kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwiqela lakhe.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo emva kokuba itshantliziyo elikhaliphileyo eliselula uGugu Dlamini, wabulawa kuhlaselo lwabantu ababenexhala lokuba xa wayenika ulwazi nge-AIDS, ngandlelโ ithile wayeyinxalenye yeyelenqe elikhulu lamayeza. Yayiluhlobo olufanayo lwempambano yeQAnonn eyayisenzeka kule ndawo, KwaMancinza. Kwaye uGugu Dlamini waphulukana nobomi bakhe ngenxa yemfundo elula ye-AIDS kwaye yakhuthaza iphulo lonyango.
Kwaye into abayifumeneyo yayiyinxalenye yokusilela ukulwa nendlela yokujongana nokuba ne-HIV kubantu abaninzi kukuba kwakungekho themba. Ke ukuba banokufumana indlela yokufumana amayeza ebantwini simahla ngenkonzo yezempilo karhulumente endaweni yokuba babekho ngelo xesha, ithegi yexabiso le-$10,000 ngonyaka ye-cocktail eyayimelwe ngamayeza ee-antiretroviral, loo ngxaki yofikelelo yodidi engakholelekiyo yasonjululwa kuphela umzabalazo. Kwaye yabandakanya, ngokumangalisayo, kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo kulo nyaka, uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwihlabathi liphela, ekugqibeleni wavuma ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukurhoxiswa kwipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ukuze kwenziwe iinguqulelo zegeneric zeli yeza.
Ngoku, kwakungelo xesha, ndandibhala, ndineentloni, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphumeza ezi njongo zimangalisayo-ukulahla ipropathi yobukrelekrele kwiBig Pharma xa urhulumente wase-US wayesemva kwayo kwaye norhulumente wakho Umkhanyeli we-AIDS kunye noMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo babenenkqubo yorhwebo enxulumene nepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda eyilelwe ukuthabatha iiroyalty kunye nentsalela iphume kwindawo kanye kuloo nto. Ke, nangona kunjalo, ulungelelwaniso lwamandla lwatshintshwa, ukuqonda kwaphakanyiswa, amaphulo enziwa.
Kwaye ndithetha konke oku kuba ngoLwesine, ngoFebruwari 4, ingxoxo efanayo ibuyela kwi-World Trade Organization, indawo efanayo, iBhunga leNkqubo yePropati yeNgqondo enxulumene norhwebo. Kwaye kule meko, nguMzantsi Afrika, kunye neIndiya, iKenya neSwaziland ukulwa ne-US, iCanada, iYurophu, iJapan, iBrazil. Asiqinisekanga ngeChina neRussia, yeyiphi indlela. Kwaye, kwakhona, lo mzuzu wamagorha apho amatsha ntliziyo athi kufuneka silenze iyeza lokusindisa ubomi le-Covid kunye nonyango kwaye kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba siyalisasaza kwihlabathi liphela.
Kuba ukuba umntu une-Covid, njengoko watshoyo unobhala-jikelele we-UN ngenye imini, kukho umngcipheko wonke umntu oya kuqhubeka nokuyifumana kumaza emva kwamaza, okwahlukileyo emva kokwahluka.
Kwaye ndicinga ukuba lolo luhlobo lwexesha lobugorha eliya kuthi lisiqalise ukuba sicinge ngombono. UCovid-19 uyenzile loo nto, akunjalo? Yayilumkisa abantu ukuba kunokwenzeka utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abaphila ngayo. Kubantu abaninzi, yayinegetive. Yayilixesha apho ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okwehla ngokufutshane. Kodwa, uyazi, iindlela zokuphila zachithwa ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu becala, ngokuqinisekileyo, ndingatsho ukuba uMzantsi Afrika, amazwe ayengaxhotyiselwanga ukwenza umahluko.
Kwaye ndicinga ukuba nangona kunjalo, lelinye lalo maxesha kunye ne-Covid-19 esinyanzela ukuba sibe nemibono ngakumbi kweli lizwe, ngethemba lokufumana i-inshurensi yezempilo yesizwe, mhlawumbi i-Medicare yabo bonke e-US ivela ngokufanelekileyo kule ngxaki. Kwaye ingxaki yemozulu ayikude ngasemva. Ukuba senza umsebenzi wethu, oko kukucinga kakhulu malunga nohlobo lweengxaki kunye nokukhuthazwa zizisombululo ezifana nokufumana i-AIDS, kufuneka ndongeze isisombululo esasinamandla kangangokuba ngexesha lokuphila ubomi behla ukuya kuma-52, namhlanje. kwiminyaka engama-65, ngenxa nje yezigidi ezisixhenxe zabantu abangawafumaniyo amayeza e-AIDS simahla xa bewafuna.
UPaul Jay
Enkosi kakhulu ngokuzimanya nathi, Patrick. Esi sisiqalo nje sencoko yethu. Masiyenze kwakhona kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
UPatrick Bond
Kulungile. Enkosi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela