Umthombo: Venezuelanalysis.com
Sidlana indlebe nabagqatswa ababini beChavista kunyulo oluzayo lweNdibano yeSizwe: Oliver Rivas, I-PSUV-block umgqatswa (iqela elilawulayo), kunye noRafael Uzcรกtegui, APR umgqatswa (ibloko yasekhohlo emele ukhetho lonyulo oluzimeleyo) kunyulo lweNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe ye-6 kaDisemba.
U-Oliver Rivas ngumququzeleli ozinze eCaracas, kwaye ungomnye wabambalwa kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe I-PSUV-abaviwa bebloc abaneengcambu ezinzulu kwintshukumo edumileyo. Ukwangumseki kunye nelungu leLa Otra Escuela [Esinye iSikolo], intlangano ye-Chavista enikezela ngemfundo yezopolitiko kumaqela anomsebenzi ophantsi. Kolu dliwano-ndlebe lwe-VA, sithetha ngempembelelo yokuvalwa kwezoqoqosho lwaseVenezuela kunye nedemokhrasi yayo yokuthatha inxaxheba. I-Rivas ikwajongana neeprojekthi ezidumileyo zeChavismo kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe ezayo.
Yintoni esemngciphekweni kunyulo oluzayo lweNdlu yoWiso-mthetho?
Okokuqala, ubukho belizwe laseVenezuela busemngciphekweni kunyulo oluzayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, onke amazwe asemdeni alwela ubukho bawo kubudlelwane bamandla obungalinganiyo obukhoyo phakathi kweGlobal North kunye neGlobal South. Lo ngumzabalazo weklasi yehlabathi, apho umhlaseli yi-imperiyali pole, emelwe yi-NATO. Bajonge ukuhlanganisa ilizwekazi lethu ngokutsha.
Ngaloo ndlela, umzabalazo kunyulo oluzayo awukho kunye nenkcaso yaseVenezuela, ebonisa nje iimfuno ze-White House.
Okwesibini, kunyulo oluzayo, ithuba lokuqhubeka nenkqubo yotshintsho lwamaziko olwaqala ngo-1998 lusemngciphekweni. Ngokucacileyo, uguqulo lwenguquko luye lwehlelwa yinkqubo yokudodobala, kodwa luqhubela phambili ngesiseko samandla enkqubela phambili kunye nenguquko emanyeneyo, kunye nenxalenye yokugqibela yendlela.
Amandla atshabalalisayo ongqingo lwama-impiriyali ajolise kuqoqosho lwe-rentier oluxhomekeke eVenezuela. Oku kuye kwayithoba ingeniso karhulumente ebisasazwa ngendlela enobulungisa- iBolivarian Revolution ibuyisele umva ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-500 yobukoloniyali. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba akuzange kubekho kuqhawuka okanye inguqu epheleleyo kubume boqoqosho lwaseVenezuela, uChรกvez uphuhlise imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu eyanceda abantu abahluphekayo kwaye yakhuthaza amanyathelo okulawula kunye nemveliso kunye namava oluntu.
Kum kunye neLa Otra Escuela into esemngciphekweni ngoku kukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqhubeka nokuzabalaza kwiprojekthi yeChavista. Kuthi, kucacile ukuba ulawulo lobufascist nolubulalayo olulawulwa ngama impiriyali alusayi kusivumela ukuba silwele iinjongo zethu kuqoqosho okanye kwezopolitiko.
Ngaphaya kwefuthe elibi le ibhloko, yintoni urhulumente ayenzileyo elungileyo nengalunganga kwiminyaka yakutshanje?
Lo mbandela umele uhlolisiswe, kuqondwa iimeko ezikhethekileyo esijamelene nazo eVenezuela. Asinakuthetha ngolawulo โolulungileyoโ okanye โolubiโ ngokungathi siphila kwihlabathi elingenasimilo. Lo ngurhulumente oye wajamelana nazo zonke iintlobo zemiqobo, kuquka nokungqingwa ngokupheleleyo kwelona gunya liphambili lehlabathi.
Ngaloo nto, ukuba iVenezuela iqhubekile ibe ngumqondiso wethemba kubantu behlabathi, kungenxa yamalungelo esiwanqobileyo kwaye, kamva, ngenxa yesiphakamiso se-commune njengomsebenzi wokuzilawula. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphela kwerenti ye-oyile, kukho inkqubo yokudiliza ezinye zezi mpumelelo, ezisongela ubukho bamaziko karhulumente.
Kukwayinyaniso ukuba kuye kwakho iimpazamo ezininzi. Ukunika umzekelo omnye, kuye kwakho iimpazamo ezicwangcisiweyo nezisisigxina ekwenziweni kwamaqela ezopolitiko anombono woguquko kunye nobusoshiyali. Sikwangakhathali ekulweni ubugwenxa bangaphakathi: amanyathelo okuthintela ayafuneka, kunye neendlela kunye nezikhokelo zokukhuthaza ubungqongqo kunye neenguqu eziguqukayo kumaqela eqela. IPole enkulu yePatriotic.
Kodwa inyaniso kukuba ezi ngxaki azinakubekwa tyala kwicandelo elithile leenkokeli ze-Chavista: ukuba sizenzele ukuzigxeka, siya kufumanisa ukuba ezi ngxaki zikwakho kwimibutho yentlalo kunye nemibutho. Uhlalutyo oluqatha kakhulu lwale meko luyafuneka.
Nangona kunjalo, siyazi ukuba kuye kwakho iimpazamo ezininzi. Olu luqoqosho lwabathengi oluyi-parasitical kwirenti yeoli. Amashishini abucala nawo anezimfimfithi kwaye wonakele, kwaye konke oku kuye kwaba mandundu emva kokusweleka kukaChรกvez. Xa oko kusenzeka, kwabakho uhlobo lokungxama ukulawula ingeniso yeoli eyathi, yakhokelela kwinqwelomoya enkulu.
Nanku umbuzo: Ngaba le mpazamo kaMaduro, okanye isiphumo esinengqiqo samacandelo aceba ngaphakathi ukulawula urhulumente kunye nerenti ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zenkqubo yeBolivarian?
Ngalo lonke olu qwalaselo engqondweni, uvavanyo lwam lukarhulumente kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe lulungile. Kuloo nto, ndingakongeza ukuba, kula maxesha, kufuneka sikhethe ngokudibeneyo ukwenza inkqubo ethi - ngengqiqo yesoshiyali kunye neyoluntu, kodwa nokuqonda ungqingo olubekwe kuthi - oluya kusivumela ukuba silwele ukusebenza kwamalungelo abantu. Lo ngumsebenzi osalindileyo wentshukumo edumileyo, njengoko isakha umkhombandlela odibeneyo. Enye yezinto ezisiphawulayo kukuba sinemizabalazo emininzi yokuchithachitha esithintela ukuba sidibane, sibeke ii-ajenda, kunye nokwakha imvumelwano kwimiba engundoqo, yobuchule kunye neyobuchule.
Kukho utyekelo lweziko lokubiza nayiphi na inkcaso ngaphakathi kweChavismo ngokuthi "ubuqhophololo." Le ntetho ithi, phambi kongqingo lwama-impiriyali, ukunyaniseka kurhulumente kufanele ukuba kube yeyona nto iphambili kuko nakuphi na ukugxekwa. Esi simo sengqondo siye sabangela ukungavisisani phakathi kukarhulumente namanye amacandelo ombutho odumileyo. Uyiqonda njani le meko?
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye norhulumente bebusoloko buneengxaki ngokwembali. Ngelixa i-Chavismo ingamandla e-plebeian anamandla (njengoko u-รlvaro Garcรญa Linera ebeya kuthetha), iphinde yabandakanya amacandelo asekhohlo, asekhohlo, kunye namacandelo alondolozayo anombono wezopolitiko, kwaye ezi zinto zisaqhubeka nokuba nezopolitiko, iziko, kunye namandla onyulo. . I-Chavismo ayikho ibhloko ye-monolithic.
Ke, ewe, yinyani: kukho utyekelo lokuchonga nasiphi na isikhundla esibalulekileyo njengokungcatsha. Nangona kunjalo, eso sisimo sengqondo sehlelo uMaduro ngokwakhe asigxekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuvelisa iseti entsha yezenzo-ingqiqo eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi kwe-Chavismo-kufuneka ize nokuhlaziya. Olu tshintsho ngaphakathi kwe-Chavismo kuya kufuneka lubandakanye i-PSUV njengoninzi lwamandla, kodwa kunye namanye amaqela amancinci kunye nobuninzi bemikhosi ethandwayo, imibutho, imibutho, kunye nemibutho yoluntu kunye nesiseko.
Xa sibuyela kubudlelwane phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nemikhosi ethandwayo, kufuneka siqonde ukuba bekukhe kwagxininiswa ngamanye amaxesha, ngamanye amaxesha kungqubana okanye kungquzulwano, ngamanye amaxesha ulwelo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwakho umanyano oluluqilima. Bekungasoloko kufana. Nangona kunjalo, i-Chavismo yigunya eliye lakwazi ukuqhubela phambili ekuthinjweni kwamalungelo ngokugcina ubunye bawo bangaphakathi.
Konke oku kwenzeka ngelixa kuzabalazela umanyano lwesizwe-urhulumente, ukoyisa uhlaselo lobuFascist kunye namaza okuvuselelwa kwama-impiriyali. Ngaphandle kokuchasana [kwangaphakathi], i-Chavismo iye yakwazi ukuvala amanqanaba ngamaxesha abalulekileyo. Leyo yenye yeempawu zayo eziphambili.
Mna ngokwam ndinethemba lokuba ukuphikisana kwethu okukhulu kwangaphakathi kuya kusonjululwa. La ngamaxesha anzima kunye nemeko enzima, kwaye banyanzelise urhulumente ukuba arhoxe okanye alahle inxalenye yento ebiphunyeziwe eluntwini. Ngokwenza njalo, inikezele uxanduva kumanyathelo oluntu azilawulayo (kwaye ingakumbi anemveliso). La manyathelo aza kuba ngundoqo ekoyiseni abaxhomekeke, abaxhaphazayo, abaqikelelwayo, kunye nesekethe ye-user kuqoqosho lwaseVenezuela.
Kwakhona, abathathi-nxaxheba abatsha bezoqoqosho baya kuziseka apha ngesiseko sokuvula inkunzi yabucala. Oku kwenzeka kwimeko apho urhulumente engasayi kulindeleka ukuba asebenze njengokuphela komthombo wengeniso.
Ukujongana nale meko, imikhosi yoguquko kufuneka yakhe inkqubo ukuze sikwazi ukuhamba kule panorama inzima. Kufuneka singanikezeli kwimiba engundoqo, kwaye kufuneka sakhe iindlela zokusebenza kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-ajenda. Ndingatsho nokuba kufuneka sihlangene sakhe iqonga lezoqoqosho elidumileyo nelingenako ukubotshelelwa kubungxowankulu belizwe, abaxhomekeke, nabaqeshileyo.
Ngaba iya kuba ngumzabalazo wemvisiswano? Hayi, iya kuba yinto ephikisanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuba nobundlobongela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kube noxolo, njengoko iBolivarian Revolution isukela kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho ukuhla kwedemokhrasi ethandwayo apha. Ngokwembono yakho, xa kujongwa ungqingo lwama impiriyali, ingaba le meko ayinakuphepheka? Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela uthatho-nxaxheba lukaChรกvez kunye nolawulo lwentando yesininzi?
Ndicinga ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela iintetha ezaneleyo zothatho-nxaxheba lukaChรกvez kunye nedemokhrasi yeprotagonistic. Ukusuka kwimbono yomkhosi, ukungqingwa kwama-impiriyali kusibeka kwindawo yokuzikhusela, kwaye oku kuza nenqanaba elikhulu lokuqeqesha. Oko, ngokucacileyo, kuza namanqanaba amakhulu okruthakruthwano lwentlalo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko ingcinezelo, ukugqithisa, kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Kakade ke, awahlukanga kulo lonke elaseLatin America, apho ingcinezelo isenokuba iqatha ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezininzi zobuxoki kumajelo eendaba ehlabathi kunye neengxelo ezigqwethekileyo ezifana nale yakutshanje. ikhutshwe nguMichelle Bachelet. Ngapha koko, ingxelo kaBachelet yaphuhliswa ngodliwanondlebe olwenziwe ngexesha lo bhubhani. Inkqubo yayingenamkhethe kakhulu ukuba ibe ngqongqo ngokwenzululwazi.
Ukongezelela, kukho iimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kwangaphakathi: ii-arhente zihlawulwe ukuvelisa iimeko eziyingxaki. Kakade ke, akukho nto imangalisayo ngale nto. Siphantsi kongqingo kwaye utshaba luzimisele ukusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela ngokuchasene nathi, ukusuka kwisohlwayo kunye nokuvalwa kokungena kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-paramilitary, kubandakanya umsebenzi wakutshanje apho ubunkokeli beqela eliphikisayo baqesha iikontraka โzokhuselekoโ zase-US ukuba zibhukuqe uNicolรกs Maduro.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kule ngqiqo ngexesha le-revolution. AmaPolisa eSizwe aseBolivarian adalwe ukuba ahlukane namapolisa akhohlakeleyo athathe inxaxheba (kwaye mhlawumbi asathatha inxaxheba) kubhukuqo-mbuso kunye neenzame zobhukuqo-mbuso. Phantsi komgaqo wokuziphatha kakuhle kunye nokulingana ngokwesini, amapolisa aphinda ahlengahlengiswa, imfundo ibe ngundoqo waloo nkqubo.
Kakade ke, le nkqubo ayizange ikhululeke kwiimpikiswano. Ayinakuba yinto enqwenelekayo. Kwakhona, kwinyaniso yangoku, ugonyamelo luye lwaba yenye yeendlela zokusinda kwamapolisa. Leyo yimbangela ekhawulezileyo yokugqithisa kwangoku. Imeko yokuwa ngokubanzi, urhwaphilizo, ukubola, kunye nokuwohloka kwamaziko kunye noluntu luphela lukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwelizwe laseVenezuela. Yaye oko akuzenzekeli.
Xa ujongene nale nyani, wenza ntoni uChavismo oguqukayo? Silwa nayo kuba siyazi ukuba ubukho bethu busemngciphekweni. Ukuwohloka akungomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente.
Uthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo-mpikiswano ezidumileyo eziqhubeka ngokwemeko yephulo leNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. Ngala mava, yeyiphi inkqubo onokuyikhuthaza xa uthe wanyulwa? Njengommeli ovela kumanqanaba ombutho odumileyo, ungavumelana njani kwaye wohluke njani kumgca osemthethweni?
Ukusuka kwimbumba yethu [iLa Otra Escuela] kunye nokulungelelaniswa neminye imibutho efana neQonga le-Continental leeMovements zeNtlalo, siye saphuhlisa iinjongo zenkqubo ukusuka kulwakhiwo lweengingqi ezijikeleze ummandla kunye notshintsho oludityanisiweyo lwendawo yokuhlala, ukuya kulwakhiwo lwendawo engeyiyo. ubungxowankulu, uqoqosho olumanyeneyo.
Siza kuqhubeka nokukhusela loo nkqubo kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe. Siya kukwenza oko phantsi kweemeko esaziyo ukuba zimbi: ukujongana namashishini abucala akusayi kuba lula ngexesha laxa wona, ingenguye urhulumente, enezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokugcina uqoqosho luqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchanekileyo ngoku, kula maxesha anzima, apho iiprojekthi zemveliso ezidumileyo ezingaxhomekeke kwirenti zinokuvela. La ngamaxesha aphikisanayo, kodwa amathuba anobuchule ayavuleka.
Ukunika umzekelo, ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba i Anti-blockade uMthetho ithanda inyathelo labucala, ikwayimeko yokuba ivumela ukuthatha inxaxheba kukarhulumente kunye nolungelelwaniso lwamandla athandwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho indawo yedabi evulekileyo. Kufuneka singene kuyo ngokwembono esemhlabeni. Oku akukho malunga nethiyori okanye ipropaganda.
Siyiqonda iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho njengeqonga lokukhuthaza imithetho ekhulisa uqoqosho loluntu. Kulo mba, uMongameli Maduro sele ecebise imithetho emibini eya kukhuthaza ukudalwa kwezixeko ezihlangeneyo.
Ukongeza, kukho isicwangciso seeprojekthi ezilishumi zowiso-mthetho. Ezi ziphuhliswe ngenkqubo yothethwano oludumileyo, olwenziwe ngeendlela zedijithali nakwiintlanganiso zoluntu.
Enyanisweni, ngoku sithethayo, ndifika nje kwisiganeko esinjalo kwindawo yabasebenzi i-El Valle barrio. Kwezo ziganeko, sidibana nenqanaba eliphezulu lokungoneliseki ngenxa yeengxaki abantu abajongene nazo zokunqongophala kweenkonzo zoluntu kunye nemivuzo ephantsi. Le yimivuzo kunye neenkonzo ezithe zatshatyalaliswa luthintelo kunye nentelekelelo yongxowankulu. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo eengxoxo kunye nezindululo ziyanda. Siye safumanisa ukuba kwiimeko zokungqingwa, i-communinal kunye nezinye iintlobo zemveliso encinci kunye nentsapho ayiyona nje into efanelekileyo - inika izisombululo zangempela kubantu abasebenzayo.
Ukukunika umzekelo omnye, iColgate Palmolive yonakalise imveliso yokucoca kunye nempahla yococeko lomntu. Ngoku, sinokufumana amanyathelo amancinci kunye nemveliso yasekhaya yezi mpahla kwibhloko nganye yesixeko ngasinye. Kukho amandla amakhulu apha. ICuba iphumelele kwaye nathi siya kuphumelelaโฆ ngomsebenzi wethu, nangentsebenziswano namanye amazwe!
Kufuneka kwakhona sikhuthaze umthetho wokukhusela abasebenzi. Isicatshulwa kufuneka sichaze imigangatho emincinci yokuhlalisana kwinguqu kuqoqosho oluxubeneyo. Inyaniso yeyokuba uqoqosho oluxubeneyo lusisikhokelo soMgaqo-siseko ka-1999, ngoko ke imeko ekhoyo ngoku ayisuki kwimvelaphi yethu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zangoku, kufuneka siphuhlise iindlela zolawulo lwentlalo yoqoqosho ngokubanzi, ngakumbi urhwebo. Kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokungohlwaywa kuqoqosho. Imibutho emikhulu yongxowankulu ivelise le meko kwaye iye yakhula yaba luqoqosho oluqikelelwayo oluthe lwatshabalalisa imivuzo yabasebenzi. Oku kwenzeka kunye ne-dollarization yoqoqosho, eyavelisa zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kunye nomsebenzi ongekho mthethweni.
ICuba idlule kwiXesha eliKhethekileyo, kodwa bathatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze baphile kwaye baxhathise. Abantu baseCuba balwela ilungelo labo lokuphila nokuhlala bedada ehlabathini, kwaye bakwenza oko ngembono engeyiyo yongxowankulu. Siza kwenza okufanayoโฆ kwaye ukuba oko kuthetha impikiswano yangaphakathi yeengcamango kunye namacandelo alondolozayo kunye nedabi elibanzi leengcamango, makube njalo.
Ukuqukumbela, sinethemba lokuba iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ezayo ayiyi kuba ngumzimba kuphela wokuguqula amanyathelo athandwayo kunye neziphakamiso zibe ngumthetho, kodwa kunye nohlobo lwe-megaphone ukwenza imizabalazo yethu ibonakale kwinqanaba likazwelonke.
URafael Uzcรกtegui, umgqatswa we-APR
URafael Uzcรกtegui ngumdlali wembali kwintshukumo edumileyo yaseVenezuela noye waba ngundoqo ekwakhiweni kombutho. Eyenye yenguquko edumileyo [APR]. I-APR yi-leftist kunye ne-Chavista ibhodi yonyulo emele ukhetho oluzimeleyo kunye nesininzi kwi-6 kaDisemba yonyulo lweNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. U-Uzcรกtegui wayenguNobhala-Jikelele wexesha elide Patria Para Todos [PPT] phambi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseVenezuela [TSJ] wangenelela kwiqela, ithatha indawo yobunkokeli bayo bokuqala. Kolu dliwano-ndlebe, u-Uzcรกtegui uthetha ngeprojekthi ye-APR yoguquko, ngelixa ehlalutya ukujika kukarhulumente "kwi-neoliberal".
Yintoni i-APR kwaye kutheni eli qela lamaqela e-Chavista athandwayo kunye neentshukumo zingabandakanyi amandla kunye ne-PSUV (njengoko benzile ngaphambili phantsi kwe-aegis ye-Patriotic Pole) ukuba baphendule iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ngokuthanda i-Chavismo?
Ukudityaniswa kwakhona kwemikhosi edumileyo kuyaqhubeka ngaphakathi kweChavismo, ejonge ukwakha enye indlela yoguqulo. Kukho inkitha yemibutho kwi-APR, ukusuka kumaqela amadala kunye namanyanisiweyo afana ne Iqela lamaKomanisi [PCV] kunye noninzi lwePPT [iqela elikhule liphuma kubasebenzi kunye nemizabalazo ethandwayo kwi-70s kunye ne-80s] kwimibutho yoluntu kunye nemimandla kunye nemibutho yoluntu.
Abanye babo baye bahlukana ne-PSUV kunye norhulumente othe - ngemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ekhululekile kunye notyekelo lwakhe lokungawahoyi amanye amazwi avela ngaphakathi - uye wahlukanisa abaninzi. Abanye babenezikhundla ezigxekayo ezakhayo kwiPatriotic Pole, yaye amazwi abo nawo akazange aviwe.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, nangaphaya kwayo nayiphi na indawo ebalulekileyo esinokuba nayo kwiipolisi ezithile kunye nezenzo, into esahlulayo kwiprojekthi kaNicolรกs Maduro ngumbono wethu wezopolitiko. Sijolise ekuqinisekiseni kwakhona inyathelo lenguqu elisekhohlo elimiliselwe kwiprojekthi egqibeleleyo kaChรกvez. Urhulumente waseMaduro ujikile kuloo nto. Okwethu yiprojekthi yeChavista ekhohloโฆ kwaye xa sichonga noChavismo, sithetha nge Radical Chรกvez.
Ngaba unokuchaneka ngakumbi ngokuphathelele ukuchongwa kwe-APR โneChรกvez enzuluโ? Ngaba sithetha nge-Chรกvez ye-commune, malunga ne-Chรกvez eyafudukela ekunciphiseni ingqiqo ye-capital, okanye malunga ne-Chรกvez eyenza iindlela zokuvelisa zikazwelonke?
Sikhusela i-Chรกvez eyayiqonda utyekelo lwentlekele yobukapitali kwaye yayichasa ngokusebenzayo ingqiqo yayo kwintetho yakhe nakwizenzo. Simi ngakwiChรกvez eyayikuqonda ukuphikisana kodwa inenjongo ecwangcisiweyo: usoshiyali. Sithetha ngeChรกvez ye โBetha entlokoโ [Intetho ka-2012], malunga nendoda eyabiza ikhabhinethi yayo kwaye yanyanzelisa utshintsho olungxamisekileyo ngasekhohlo.
Le yayiyiChรกvez eyayiqonda amandla adumileyo njengamandla ajongene nokwakha uvukelo-mbuso โ ngoluntu, abasebenzi nabasebenzi. inkampu imibutho ... Ngamanye amazwi, sichonga kunye ne-Chรกvez ezinikele kubantu abasebenza kunye nomzabalazo, i-Chรกvez eyayiqonda iimfuno zabantu kunye neminqweno kwaye yabonisa ikusasa elingcono kunokuba i-gray-on-grey "pragmatic" yezopolitiko ebonisa urhulumente kaMaduro. .
Ngaba unokusichaza ngokuchaneka ngakumbi urhulumente kaMaduro, ukuqonda nokuba iVenezuela iphantsi kothintelo oluqatha?
Izohlwayo zilulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye zinefuthe lokwenene kuqoqosho lwethu. Noko ke, xa ilizwe lingqingwe, isicombululo asinakuba kukufulathela uluntu uze ukhethe iprojekthi yabambalwa. Into eyenzekayo kukuba ezo zohlwayo ziye zaba sisingxengxezo sokuyeka iprojekthi yobusoshiyali kunye nesizathu esigqibeleleyo sokukhuthaza ukuyilwa โkoohlohlesakhe benguqu,โ njengoko bethanda ukuchonga izalamane zabo!
Ukuba ujonga intetho yezithethi zikarhulumente (kunye nezenzo zabo), uya kubona ukuba kubo umba wotshintsho awusenabasebenzi, amadoda nabafazi abangathathi ntweni basuka kumazwe. mmelwane Ukusuka kwi intsimi. Njengoko beyibona, abantu abaza kwakha ikamva ngoohlohlesakhe, kwinkqubo yokwandiswa kongxowankulu okukhawulezayo okukhuthazwa yimithetho ephelisa amalungelo abasebenzi kunye nenyhweba yoshishino lwabucala kunye notyalo-mali opaque.
Icandelo le-Chavismo kurhulumente laba sisityebi. Ngoosozigidi abavalelwe apha ngenxa yezohlwayo, kwaye abonelisekanga yile nto. Ngoku bafuna ukuba ngoohlohlesakhe, ngoko ke bafuna isisombululo esivulelekileyo se-neoliberal.
Ukukunika umzekelo, izolo ndifunde ukuba iikhasino ziyasebenza kwakhona [zazingavunyelwa ngexesha likarhulumente kaChรกvez]. Ngokucacileyo, ii-casino ziindawo apho ukurhwaphiliza imali kuyinjongo. Ngaphezulu koko, izinto zabucala ezingacacanga zilulungelelwano losuku. Yongeza kuloo nto I-Orinoco Mining Arc, okukuvula isinye kwisithandathu kwintsimi yethu kwezona zenzo zokumbiwa kwemigodi, kwaye ufumana umfanekiso. Sitshintshile kuqoqosho oluqeshiswayo olusekwe kwimveliso ye-oyile saya kuqoqosho oluqeshiweyo olusekwe kusetyenziso lwegolide olubhangisa indalo saya kwithamsanqa loqoqosho oluqikelelwayo oluyingozi.
Ukwakhiwa kwesikhokelo sezopolitiko kutshintshile. Iinkokeli zayo azisengomajoni aselula emvukelo awavukela ulawulo lwabambalwa ngowe-1992 [imvukelo yomkhosi eyasilelayo eyayikhokelwa nguChรกvez]. Ngoku bangoosozigidi abanqwenela ukuba ngoohlohlesakhe abanegama elithi โrevolutionaryโ njenge-epithet.
Ngaba uthi ngabantu abafanayo abaphetheyo, kodwa imeko yodidi lwabo itshintshile?
Kwabakho utshintsho kubunkokeli benkqubo, kwaye kwasithatha ixesha ukuyiqonda le nto. Ubume bayo butshintshile, kwaye ngolu tshintsho lweza inguqu kwimigaqo-nkqubo.
Kukho i-blockade, ewe. I-Trump (kunye nawuphi na ummeli weminqweno yasebukhosini) ichasene nazo zonke iimbonakaliso zolongamo oludumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zohlwayo zaba sisingxengxezo sokuvula indlela eya kwingqiqo entsha, echazwe โkwi-revolutionary bourgeoisie.โ
Khumbula, igama elithi [oohlohlesakhe benguquko] laqanjwa [nguMphathiswa wezoLimo uWilmar] Castro Soteldo โ igosa elidla umhlala-phantsi loMkhosi owathatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo lwangoNovemba 27, 1992. Kwabakho ukugatywa okubanzi kwamazwi kaCastro Soteldo, kodwa uNicolรกs Maduro kamva wathi nabani na ogxeka abaphathiswa bakhe wayegxeka umongameli ngokwakhe.
Inkqubo yeBolivarian yaguqukaโฆ kwasithatha ixesha ukuyiqonda le nto, kodwa ngoku, kumandla e-APR, oku kucacile. Kwathatha iminyaka embalwa ukuba ekhohlo liqonde ukuba iSoviet Union yaguquka yaba yiprojekthi engeyiyo yobusoshiyali, kwaye ezingqondweni zabanye abantu iSoviet Union isaphila kwaye iphilile! Kwenzeka into efanayo nge-China, eye yaba ligunya lokuqala lezorhwebo longxowankulu emhlabeni, kwaye abanye bayithatha njengomzekelo omhle. Ewe, okufanayo kuyenzeka apha: iprojekthi iyatshintsha!
Le yimeko entsha, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka silungiselele ezopolitiko ngendlela entsha.
Xa uthetha ngolu tshintsho, luzisa engqondweni into oyithethileyo kwi Ciudad CCS udliwano-ndlebe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Uqaphele ukuba sihamba ngokuwa kwesivumelwano sentlalontle esekwe ekusasazweni kwerenti yeoli. Ukuphela kweso sibhambathiso sentlalo kuzise ingxaki yentlalo (kunye nezoqoqosho). Ungathetha nathi ngale shift?
Ubhubhani wehlabathi uzise ulungelelwaniso olutsha, oluqina ngakumbi lwehlabathi. E-Venezuela, kuvela umyalelo omtsha ngokunjalo, kwaye ngokwenene sisiphelo sekhontrakthi yentlalontle eyathatha amashumi amabini eminyaka.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuwa komyalelo omdala kunye nokuvela kwentsha kuza nengxaki enkulu. Yonke imihla kukho uqhanqalazo oluninzi kunye nokuhlanganisana kulo lonke elaseVenezuela, kwaye azikhuthazwa lilungelo. Bangabasebenzi abafuna umvuzo wokuphila, mmelwane abahlali bafuna amanzi, umbane negesi, abalimi ukufuna ukufikelela kumafutha, njl.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, konke oku kuyenzeka ngelixa ilungelo elisemthethweni libekwe kwikona yezopolitiko ngeempazamo zalo eziyintlekele. Ayinagunya phakathi kwabantu. Izihlwele ezidumileyo zifuna amalungelo azo, ngoxa urhulumente efuna ukuba bazincame. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, akukho mmeli karhulumente wenza imibingelelo njengoko kwenzekile, umzekelo, eCuba ngexesha leminyaka enzima kakhulu yokuvalwa.
Liza njani iphulo le-APR?
I-APR yenye yeChavista ekhohlo eqaphela uguqulo lwenkqubo. Yiyo loo nto sigqibe ekubeni sibe ngolunye ukhetho. Nangona kunjalo, isiphakamiso sonyulo ayisosiqalo okanye isiphelo. Umanyano lweChavista ezahlukeneyo ezizimeleyo kunye nemibutho eshiyekileyo ibisenza ixeshana.
Namhlanje eli phulo likwintsimi, e kubumelwane kunye intsimi. Iyakhula ngamandla ngelixa ivalwe umlomo ngamajelo osasazo oluntu nawabucala. Ukunika umzekelo, imidiya esemthethweni inika ilizwi kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa i-APR iyahoywa kwaye ifihliwe.
Nangona kunjalo, siqinisekile ukuba ngoDisemba 6, amandla amatsha, anamandla aya kuvela. Oku akwahlukanga kakhulu kwiinyanga ezingaphambili Imvukelo yasemkhosini ka-1992 kaChavez. Uqhankqalazo lwaluyimfihlo ngelixa isiphakamiso sethu sisesidlangalaleni (nangona sifihlwe ngamajelo eendaba), kodwa unyulo - njengoko lwenza imvukelo yomkhosi - luya kutshintsha indlela yezinto.
Imikhosi yenguqu ye-APR iyaphila kwaye iphilile. Sinabagqatswa abangaphezulu kwama-500 kwaye basebenza ezitalatweni ukwakha isininzi esitsha.
Kwelinye icala le-spectrum, iphulo le-PSUV likhangeleka kakhulu njengephulo le-AD yakudala [i-Acciรณn Democrรกtica, eyona qela libalulekileyo lezopolitiko eVenezuela ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20].
Iphulo lonyana kaNicolรกs Maduro, umgqatswa weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, uye waba ngumcimbi osisigxina wokunikela. Unikezela ngoomabonakude, iibhonasi [inkuthazo yezoqoqosho], izixhobo zokwakha, njl. Ngenxa yokuba uNicolรกs Maduro Guerra [unyana kaMongameli Maduro] akanazo iimpawu zakhe ezintle. Akayiyo nayiphi na intshukumo edumileyo. Ufana nenkosana โenekamvaโ elililo.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwakho inkqubo yokuthotywa kwedemokhrasi ethandwayo. Ungathetha ngale nto?
Sihamba kwinkqubo yokugweba kwezopolitiko. Uninzi lwamaqela luye lwangenelela yiNkundla ePhakamileyo [TSJ]. Kwimeko yePPT, i-TSJ miselwe isalathiso se-ad hoc esinokuthi sibambe umgca we-PSUV. Ngamanye amazwi, bawususa umkhombandlela onyuliweyo kwaye bamisela ijunta engamelanga uninzi lombutho.
Ukongeza, iNational Electoral Power [CNE] ayivumeli nawaphi na amaqela ashiyekileyo ukuba abhalise, ngelixa wona are ukubhalisa amaqela anxulumene nelungelo.
Urhulumente ungenelela ngenkuthalo kubomi bezopolitiko basekhohlo baseVenezuela. Abagcini nje ngokuthintela unyulo lwangaphakathi lweemanyano - ukugcina imikhosi yabasebenzi ekuzimele - kwaye babambe unyulo lweyunivesithi, elilungelo elinikezelwa ngumthetho, kodwa ngoku urhulumente uyangenelela kumaqela ezopolitiko!
Le asiyoRashiya ngowe-1919 xa - phakathi kwemfazwe yamakhaya - uLenin wavala onke amaqela ngaphandle kwamaBolshevik. Apha sinoMgaqo-siseko osinika ilungelo lokuququzelela kodwa iinkundla ziyalibhangisa eli lungelo. Kukho utyekelo lokugwetyelwa kwezopolitiko, kwaye sixhalabile.
Nangona kunjalo, i-APR lumanyano olwaneleyo kunye neChavista ezininzi kwaye ishiye imibutho ngaphakathi. Iquka i-PCV, eyona nto yodwa, ngenxa yembali yayo ende kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe, ivunyelwe ukuba ibe khona ngokukhululekile. Kwaye ke, ekubeni igosa [okokuthi lingenelele] iPPT ibe sisihlomelo se-PSUV, i-APR kuya kufuneka imelwe yi-PCV kwivoti.
Ukongeza kokushenxisa ilungelo elixhaswa yi-US ngoku elilawula iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, yintoni ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwepalamente ezayo?
INdlu yoWiso-mthetho ephumayo, enesininzi sokumelwa kwephiko lasekunene, yancama amalungelo ayo ngokuzijika ibe liqumrhu elinenjongo eyodwa yokubhukuqa umongameli onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi waseVenezuela. Ngokwenza oko, baphulukana nobuso nabantu baza baphoswa nethuba labo lokuphembelela ulwalathiso lwelizwe ngokweminqweno neengcamango zabo.
Ipalamente elandelayo kuya kufuneka ibambe iingxoxo zoluntu malunga nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwesizwe (oluyilwe cwaka kule minyaka mine idlulileyo), yongamele iintengiselwano zoqoqosho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, umthetho, njl. njl. INdibano entsha iya kukhetha kwakhona amalungu amatsha eNkundla ePhakamileyo; uMkhuseli woLuntu, iGqwetha Jikelele, uMphathi Jikelele, iBhunga loNyulo leSizwe, kunye nebhodi yeBhanki Enkulu yaseVenezuela.
Ukongezelela, injongo ye-APR kwiqumrhu lowiso-mthetho kukusebenzela abantu ngokubuyisela uMgaqo-siseko uphile. Imiba efana nomvuzo ophilayo kunye nelungelo lokulungelelanisa iqinisekiswa nguMgaqo-siseko, kwaye siya kusebenzela ukuyibuyisela. Okokugqibela, siza โkumsusa uthuliโ uChรกvez Isicwangciso seLizwe [2012] enika ulungelelwaniso lweqhinga lokukhupha abantu baseVenezuela kule ngxaki yangoku.
Ngokufutshane, yintoni inkqubo ye-APR?
Lixesha lokoyisa umanyano lomntu phakathi kukaMongameli Maduro kunye noMkhosi oxhobileyo. Ulwakhiwo lukarhulumente ludinga umlinganiso ochasene nabantu ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komzabalazo.
Inkqubo yethu yeyobusoshiyali, kwaye ukuya kwelo cala sinoMgaqo-siseko njengelitye lembombo kunye neSicwangciso selizwe likaChรกvez njengomgaqo-nkqubo. Konke oku kufuneka kwenziwe, kwakhona, ngaphandle komesiya, ngokudibeneyo, kunye pueblo. I-APR ayiyi kuba ngamandla atshabalalisayo okanye intlangano ethi "ewe umntu". Endaweni yoko, siza kusebenzela ukujika iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ibe yindawo yokuxoxa yamagunya adumileyo.
Sibiza abantu ukuba bavotele i-APR ukuzisa ukuba semthethweni, ukuzimela, kunye nokuzimela okudumileyo kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho.
Noko ke, asithembisi mimangaliso. Asithembisi ukuba iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho entsha iya kuzisa isiphelo kuyo yonke imfuneko yokwenza imigca [njengoko ilungelo lenzayo kunyulo lowama-2015], kwaye asiyi kusebenzisa izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zelungelo lesizwe nelamazwe ngamazwe njengendlela yokuzikhusela. kuzo zonke iingxaki zopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Siya kukhuthaza โukucocwa kwezindluโ ukuze izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo zihanjiswe ebantwini. Bonke abo basebenzisa amandla abo ukuba babe ngoosozigidi kwaye basebenzise amaziko ukudibanisa imeko yeklasi yabo kufuneka bahambe.
Siya kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe hayi nje ngentetho engenanto. Siya apho ukuze sijike sibe sisixhobo soguqulo kunye nokwaphula idyokhwe yama impiriyali. Loo nto ayinakwenziwa ngokujikela umva umntu ebantwini, njengoko kwenzekile phantsi kwesizathu sezohlwayo. Ama impiriyali anokoyiswa kuphela nge pueblo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela