Umthombo: Venezuelanalysis.com
I-El Maizal Commune ilele kumhlaba ochumileyo phakathi kweLara nePortuguesa kwintshona yeVenezuela. Yasekwa ngo-2009, le ndibano yasemaphandleni iye yaba ngamandla abalulekileyo kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kulo mmandla nakwilizwe. Ayivelisi kuphela izixa ezikhulu zombona minyaka le, kodwa ikwakhulisa iinkomo neehagu, kunye nenani elikhulayo lamashishini asecaleni awongezelelweyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-El Maizal Commune yenza ubudlelwane obutsha bentlalo kunye nabantu abatsha: abantu abazibophelele kwiprojekthi yentlalontle eyayikhuthazwa nguMongameli wangaphambili u-Hugo Chávez ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe.
Ngeli hlotyeni, sithathe umngeni wokuyishiya iCaracas – apho ukubuyiselwa kongxowankulu ngokwepragmatic gabalala kubonwa njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusabela kwintlekele yezoqoqosho kunye nezohlwayo – ukuphanda ukuba eyona ndibano iphumeleleyo yaseVenezuela ijongana njani neentlekele ezininzi zangoku. Siqale uhambo olunzima (ukunqongophala kwepetroli kuguqule into ebekufanele ukuba luhambo lweeyure ezintlanu lube yi-odyssey yosuku) ukuya kuthetha nabahlali base-El Maizal abanamava malunga nendlela abayibona ngayo imeko yelizwe, izisombululo abazifundileyo ngamava, kwaye ikamva abaliphosela ilizwe elingqingiweyo.
Kwi Ekuqaleni kolu ngcelele lwamacandelo amathathu, sathetha no-El Maizal communards malunga nefuthe lezohlwayo kunye nezisombululo zokudala abaye bazisebenzisa ngexesha lokuvalwa. Icandelo lesibini ivavanye amacebo amatsha emveliso ye-commune kunye nendima yokwenziwa kwezopolitiko kwiprojekthi. Apha, kwinxalenye yesithathu, ii-communards zithetha malunga nokuchasana kwangaphakathi kweNkqubo yeBolivarian kunye nokubaluleka kokwakha ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho yokuguqula ukugcina iprojekthi ye-socialist kaChávez iphila.
Ukuphikisana kwangaphakathi: uhlaziyo ngokuchasene namandla adumileyo
UJennifer Lemus: Ukuba bekuyimfuneko, besiya kuncama ubomi bethu ngenxa yeprojekthi kaChávez, kwi-commune. Mininzi imiqobo ekwakheni i-commune. Izohlwayo zisisithintelo esibalulekileyo, kodwa urhulumente unokuba ngomnye. Kithina, "i-commune" ayilogama elingenanto okanye into nje enokuthi kuthethwe ngayo phakathi kweendonga ezine. I-commune yakhiwe ngomsebenzi wokwenyani. I-commune iyenzeka xa singcolisa izandla zethu kwaye sizilungelelanise… kodwa abanye abantu babonakala bengayiqondi loo nto!
Ukuze iprojekthi yoluntu ikhule, kufuneka sakhe umanyano, nto leyo esiyenzayo ne Umanyano lwaBantu. Kufuneka sifikelele kuzo zonke iimbombo zelizwe kwaye sisebenze ngesakhono soluntu ngalunye. Kufuneka siphuhlise amandla ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo, ukuze kungabikho nto inokuwisa iprojekthi yoluntu.
Asiyi kuvumela nabani na ukuba asuse amaphupha ethu kuthi… Oko kuzinikezela kuza nokuzinikela okuninzi.
Yohander Pineda: Ngamanye amaxesha siyangqubana namacandelo karhulumente kunye norhulumente. Umzekelo, xa sasithatha iPorcinos del Alba, umphathiswa wezolimo wayengonwabanga kwaphela. Ngoba? Kaloku icebo lakhe yayikukuthengisa ifama yeehagu ibe yeyabucala aze ayiguqulele e-El Tunal [iqumrhu labucala lezolimo]. Kodwa sasizimisele ukuba neePorcinos zivelisele abantu.
Kubekho ukusilela ngenxa yolo kuthathwa, kubandakanywa ukwehla okumandla ekufikeleleni kwethu kwiimbewu kunye namanye amagalelo afunekayo kwimveliso yombona yonyaka. Enyanisweni, ummandla wethu wesityalo sombona wehlile ukusuka kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-300 yeehektare kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ukungathobeli kwamaziko kusinyanzele ukuba sibhenele kurhwebo olumnyama ukuze sifumane isichumisi… kwaye U-Ángel [Prado] kunye nabanye bavalelwa ngokufutshane kuyo ngo-2018! Oko kwakusothusa ngokwenene, kuba konke esasifuna ukukwenza yayikukuqhubeka nokuvelisa, kwaye imarike emnyama yayikuphela kwendlela.
Windely Matos: Kuyaziwa ukuba apha, kule ndawo, kukho izibonda ezimbini zeChavismo. Kukho umkhwa we-Chavista kurhulumente wasekhaya ophosa zonke iintlobo zemiqobo kuphuhliso loluntu. Ngokwenyani, hayi nje imiqobo, ngamanye amaxesha yi-sabotage ecacileyo.
Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, uChávez wabona kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kubakho ukuxhathisa utshintsho. Ngoku kukho umzabalazo phakathi kweSimón Planas [umasipala wase-El Maizal]. Abahlali bathathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano olwahlukeneyo lonyulo kwaye besihlala siphumelela, kodwa olunye uloyiso lwethu bahluthiwe kude nathi.
Nangona ukumelwa kurhulumente wasekhaya ingeyiyo eyona njongo yethu iphambili, ngoku sinaye umgqatswa kwisikhundla sikasodolophu kuba sicinga ukuba ukuba nomntu wethu kwiholo yedolophu kungasinceda sikhuthaze isixeko esihlangeneyo…Sisithathela ingqalelo kakhulu isixeko esidityanisiweyo, kuba uChávez wayethetha amaxesha ngamaxesha malunga nesidingo sokuqhawula ingqiqo yemali eyinkunzi ngomanyano lwee-communes.
Ukuphikisana phakathi koluntu kunye namaziko karhulumente ayingowasekhaya kuphela. Uthintelo kunye nezohlwayo zibe nefuthe elikhulu, kodwa urhwaphilizo kunye nohlaziyo lusenzakalisa nathi, kwaye izenzo ezinjalo ziyangqubana neprojekthi yoluntu kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wethu uphezulu kakhulu. U-El Maizal ubonisa ukuba i-commune ayilona uhlobo oluthile lwe-utopia engafumanekiyo uChávez ayiphuphayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwakha i-commune esebenzayo. Indlela yokuphuma kwingxaki kukuhlalisana.
Angel Prado: Sicinga ukuba urhulumente umele indawo ekukhutshiswana ngayo ngoku. Iya kulawulwa yi oohlohlesakhe kunye noosomali – abathi bangabasindisi belizwe – okanye thina, bantu baseChavista, siya kubeka i-ajenda yethu phambili. Yiyo kuphela indlela esinokugcina ngayo urhulumente ukuba angajiki ngokungenakuguqulwa kwicandelo labucala. Ukuba oko bekunokwenzeka, oko bekuya kuza noshishino lwabucala olukhulu kwaye bekuya kuthetha isiphelo kwipolitiki yolongamo lukaChávez. Yiyo loo nto siya kuyikhusela iprojekthi yoluntu ngobomi bethu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Kufuneka sidibane kunye ukunqanda amacandelo ohlaziyo, abo bakhanyela amandla e-Chávez's commune, ekusekeni i-ajenda. Kufuneka sizabalazele kwaye silwe ukuze uluntu luhlale lungundoqo kwiprojekthi yesizwe. Yiyo loo nto inkqubo eqhelekileyo yomzabalazo iyimfuneko, kwaye kulapho iManyano yamaKomanisi iza emfanekisweni.
Ekupheleni kosuku, ngumbuzo omdala ofanayo: ngaba sifuna ukuguqula inkqubo okanye ngaba sifuna ukutshintsha izinto ngokwenene? Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukutshintsha izinto, kufuneka unikezele amandla ebantwini. Ngamanye amazwi, xa i-socialism iyinjongo, umba awukuhluthi amandla kwiqela elithile kwaye ulinike elinye. Hayi, amandla kufuneka abe sezandleni ze pueblo. Oko kuneempembelelo zopolitiko nezoqoqosho.
Enyanisweni, enye yeempumelelo ezinkulu zikaChávez kukuba akazange agcine amandla. Kunoko, wayisabisa. Urhulumente unokubonakala elungile kakhulu: unokuzisa iingxowa zokutya ebantwini, apeyinte izindlu zabo, avule izitalato zabo… kwaye agcine abantu bengenzi nto. UChávez wanika lonke olo hlobo lwenkxaso, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wathi akwanelanga. Wathi kufuneka intlangano ethandwayo ukuze koyiswe inkqubo engekho sikweni. Ngenxa yoko, uChávez wayengekho umntu olwela iinguqu!
Iimanyano zokusinda kunye nokwakha i-hegemony
Abahlali base-El Maizal bakholelwa ukuba iiprojekthi zoluntu akufuneki zibekwe zodwa, njengeziqithi zobusoshiyali kulwandlekazi longxowankulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto basukela izivumelwano ezahlukeneyo kwaye bakha i Umanyano lwaBantu, umbutho wesizwe wamalinge oluntu.
Prado: Umanyano lubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Babandakanya abo bakurhulumente kunye noogxa bethu, amaqabane ethu aseBasque naseArgentina, kunye neminye imibutho efana neLandless Workers Movement - [Brazilian. inkampu] intlangano eye yasifundisa lukhulu.
Kukho imiqolo emihle yombona ekhula kumasimi e-commune. Senze njani? Senze isivumelwano nomthengisi weziyobisi okanye nosathana? Hayi, yayilumanyano esalwenza norhulumente. Sikwazile ukutyala malunga neehektare ezimalunga nama-300, nto leyo engaphantsi kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa isabalulekile.
Nangona kunjalo, awona mandla asemva kwesityalo sombona ngabasebenzi beetrektara, abantu abaphekela abasebenzi ukutya, abo benza ukhuseleko, abo banyamekela amagalelo kunye nokulawula ibhanki yoluntu. Isityalo sombona salo nyaka siyachuma kuba sifunde ngezichumiso zendalo kubahlobo bethu bakwaMST. Ukuvelisa umbona phakathi kwesithintelo kuthatha abantu abaninzi kunye nomgudu omkhulu, kwaye umanyano lokwakha luye lwaba lubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Kodwa i-El Maizal ayigcini nje ngokutyala imali yayo ngaphakathi. Ikwazibophelele ekuncedeni ezinye iindawo zokuhlala. Kwiiveki nje ezimbini ezidlulileyo ilori yethu yazisa iingxowa ezingama-70 zembewu - iimbewu eziveliswe apha, kwilebhu yethu - kwii-communes ezilishumi empuma yeVenezuela. Kwaye asizange sabelane ngeembewu kuphela, sabelana ngezakhono zobugcisa.
Sabelana ngezixhobo zethu kunye neminye imibutho emininzi: ezinye zeehagu zethu ziye El Panal Commune ngo 23 de Enero [Caracas]. Sazisa icornflour kwi Altos de Lídice Commune ngokunjalo. Nabo ke basinika izikipa. Ngokunjalo siye satshintsha icornflour ngetshokholethi kunye nekofu kunye ne Che Guevara Commune kwi Merida.
Iinkqubo zomanyano ziya zisanda kwimeko yentlekele…. Sifunde izinto ezininzi kule meko inzima, kuquka nokubaluleka kokwabelana nabanye ngezinto esinazo. Senza njalo ngenjongo yokuzisa abantu abaninzi kwiprojekthi yoluntu.
Abantu balapha baluthanda gqitha unqulo yaye basenokuthi umanyano lo sisipho sikaThixo, kodwa ikwayinto esiyifunde kuChávez. Kunye naye siye saqonda ukuba, xa sijongene nongxowankulu kunye nokuphangwa kwama impiriyali, ukwakha ubudlelwane obumanyeneyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngeso sizathu, nakwinqanaba elincinci - iingxowa zembewu ezingamashumi asixhenxe ngexesha - sithumela "umyalezo we-Chavista" wobomi boluntu, ngethemba, ukusuka ku-El Maizal. I-impiriyalizim yase-US ayinako ukuyicima isibane somanyano lwethu.
Iinzame zethu zokwakha iManyano yamaKomanisi zinento eninzi yokwenza nokuqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuzihambela wedwa… kodwa kuphela ngomanyano oluninzi kunye nenkxaso efanayo kunye nokuhoyana.
Izixhobo: IManyano yamaKomanisi iba yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo. Kuye kwanceda ukuzinzisa imeko yethu apha. IManyano yazalelwa ukuhlanganisa umanyano kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyani, iindibano ezakha ezinye iindlela kwilizwe jikelele.
Phambi kokuba kubekho iManyano yamaKomanisi sasiziva sililolo… Ngamanye amaxesha sasiye sizibuze: ingaba sithi kuphela abakholelwa kwiphupha likaChávez loluntu olumanyeneyo? Ngoku, siyabona ukuba asodwa. Kulo lonke ilizwe, kukho abantu abazinikele ngokufanayo ekwakheni iindawo zokuhlala.
UChávez wayedla ngokuthetha ngesidingo sokuba a inkqubo emanyeneyo yoluntu, umbutho okanye imanyano yabahlali. Kunye neManyano yamaKomanisi, eyiprojekthi yezopolitiko nezentlalo, imbono yoluntu iyakhula kwinqanaba lesizwe.
Prado: IManyano yamaKomanisi ngumbutho odibanisa abahlali kunye neeprojekthi zoluntu kwilizwe jikelele. Siye sasebenza kuyo kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, kwaye namhlanje ibandakanya iiprojekthi zoluntu ezingama-40 okanye ezingama-50 ezisuka kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo yelizwe - ukusuka kumathafa ukuya kwi-Andes, ukusuka kumbindi weVenezuela ukuya empuma yelizwe. Ezinye zezi projekthi zihambele phambili ngakumbi kunezinye. Ezinye zisekwe kakuhle kwaye ezinye zisanda kuqala, kodwa zonke zizimisele ukufezekisa iphupha likaChávez.
Ngoku iManyano yamaKomanisi ineqela lethutyana lezithethi ezinegunya elikhulu lokuziphatha. Kwakhona iye yaseka amaqela olutsha olutsha – amanye agxile kumzabalazo womhlaba, amanye egxile kwiiprojekthi zemfundo okanye kwimiba yezomthetho. La maqela asebenza ngokuzithandela ajikeleza ilizwe lonke ukunceda iiprojekthi zoluntu ezinxulumene neManyano.
IManyano yamaKomanisi inomgaqo wendlela yokuqhubela phambili kunye nezikhokelo zezopolitiko ezichazwe kakuhle. Sixoxe ngophawu olufanele lubenalo uluntu oluthatha inxaxheba kwiManyano, uhlobo lobunkokeli oluludingayo, kunye nokubaluleka kokuphuhlisa izakhono zabo zokuvelisa.
Uluntu ngalunye olunxulunyaniswe noManyano lweManyano kufuneka lube neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezinempumelelo, kwaye kufuneka lukhuthaze ukusekwa kwezopolitiko neembono zamalungu alo ukuze ubunkokeli bungasetyenziswa ngamandla.
KwiManyano yamaKomanisi, siyakuxabisa ukukulungela ukulwa. Siqinisekile ukuba iprojekthi yoluntu ayisayi kuqhubela phambili ngaphandle kokuzabalaza, kwaye siyazi ukuba ukucinga ngorhulumente ngendlela yobutata kuchasene neprojekthi yoluntu. Umzabalazo uyaqhubeka kwaye uyaphindaphinda: ukuze izinto zitshintshe, i pueblo kufuneka isebenze, ilungelelanise, kwaye izenze ivakale. Emva koko umjikelo uqala kwakhona: ukusebenza, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokwenza ukuba sive.
IManyano yamaKhomanisi eyomeleleyo, engakhethi cala ibalulekile kuba asifuni ukuba iibhanki ibe ngabo bathatha isigqibo ngomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho welizwe. Sikholelwa ukuba abantu baseVenezuela - hayi oobhanki - kufuneka bachaze isiphelo selizwe… Kodwa oko kuyakwenzeka kuphela ukuba sidibana, siququzelela, kwaye sisebenza nzima.
Iphupha likaChávez le-commune
Umongameli ongasekhoyo wabona town njengeprojekthi enoqikelelo lwesizwe kunye nesitshixo kwinguqu yobusoshiyali. Nangona umbono wakhe ubonakala ulahlekile kwipolitiki yelizwe laseVenezuela, abahlali base-El Maizal bayasokola ukuyigcina iphila.
Izixhobo: U-El Maizal bubungqina obuphilayo bokuba uChávez akazange enze mpazamo ngokubheja kwi-commune. Qwalasela oku: ukuba bekukho i-3000 ye-communes esebenzayo eVenezuela, kunye ne-commune nganye, njengathi, ezinye ze-600 zeenkomo, inani leehagu, kunye ne-300 yeehektare zombona kunye neembotyi kunye nekofu, ngoko ke izohlwayo bezingayi kunciphisa ukutya kwethu. ubonelelo. Yiyo loo nto senza iqashiso lethu kunye noManyano lweCommunard: lulungelelanisiweyo kuphela pueblo inokusombulula iingxaki zayo.
Ukuba siyaququzelela, sivelise, sifundise kwaye sifunde, oko kuya kusondeza iphupha likaChávez kwimpumelelo. Ndicinga ukuba u-El Maizal ubonisa ukuba kuyenzeka ukwenza njalo, kwaye i-commune yeyona ndlela yokwanelisa ngokwenene iimfuno pueblo kunye nokwakha isoshiyali. Ngelishwa, kukho imisinga yezopolitiko apha esebenza ukutshabalalisa i-commune, kuba iyazi ukuba iya kujongela phantsi indala, i-bourgeois state. Kithina, iprojekthi kaChávez iyaphila, kwaye siya kuyikhusela kwaye siyihloniphe ngobomi bethu.
Prado: Ekungeneni kwe-El Maizal Commune uza kubona ibhodi enkulu enoomongameli ababini kuyo. UChavez ukhwele ihashe. Iya kubakho iminyaka engama-500!
Siyibona iChavismo njengento yethu kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeChavista, zonke ziyazabalaza ukuba zilungele umntu wembali, kodwa uChávez ngowomntu wonke. Oku kunokufana neArgentina apho kukho iPerón yokuqala, yesibini, neyesithathu. I-Chávez yase-El Maizal yiyona Ukunxibelelana-okanye-Akukho nto Chavez. Sikhusela i-commune kwaye siyinika ibhongo ngendawo kwipraksis yethu. Leyo yiraison d'etre yeManyano yamaKomanisi.
Sikholelwa ukuba i-commune sesona sixhobo asishiya ngasemva uChávez. Sisixhobo sokuba abantu benze ezopolitiko kwaye bathathe inxaxheba. Ukuba i-commune ibingenzi ngqiqo, ngoko abantu bebengayi kubamba njengento yabo, kwaye bebengayi kuba nzima ukuba babe ngabathethi bayo. Ngaphezu koko, usekela-mongameli we-PSUV [Diosdado Cabello] akayi kusityelela, njengoko wenzayo kwinyanga edlulileyo.
I-commune yinto evumela ukuba sithathe inxaxheba, sisixhobo somzabalazo. I-commune yiprojekthi abantu abayakha ngomzamo wabo. Abantu bavakalelwa kukuba yinto entsha abayenzileyo.
Abantu baseVenezuela abazukuvumela lo rhulumente okanye nawuphi na omnye ume endleleni yoluvo lokuba abantu banokuba namaziko abo, ii-communes zabo, kunye neendawo zabo ezibonelela ngentlalo-ntle, apho ubuchule babo bunokubonakaliswa. Ngaloo ndlela, u-El Maizal uye waba ngumzekelo omncinci wokulandelwa, uye waba sisibane.
UJosué Silva: UChávez usifundise ukubaluleka kolongamo… Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi asisifundanga sifundo sipheleleyo. Lo mqobo uye wasibetha kanobom, kodwa ukuba besigxile kulawulo lokutya njengoko uChávez wayefuna senze, ilizwe belingayi kuba kule ndawo likuyo. Ndiziva ndinelunda ngokuba yinxalenye ye-El Maizal, ukuba yinxalenye yeprojekthi ethatha ilifa likaChávez njengento ebalulekileyo. Yiyo loo nto sisithi, amaxesha ngamaxesha, ¡Nxibelelana okanye akukho nto!
Prado: Ukuba sibuyela emva kwiminyaka engama-200 kwimbali yethu, sinokubona ukuba abantu abaninzi babengayiqondi iBolívar kwaye bayichasa. Ndicinga ukuba kwenzeka okufanayo kunye noChávez: xa wathi isifundo sembali sasiyi-communards, kwaye i-commune yayisona sakhiwo sokwakha i-socialism. Abantu abaninzi abasuka ekhohlo apha abakwazanga ukuyiqonda le nto. Nangona kunjalo, kanye njengoko imbali yangqina ukuba iBolívar ichanile, ndicinga ukuba iya kubonisa ukuba uChávez wayechanile.
Ukucinga kukaChávez kwavela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Waqala ngoomasibambisane, kodwa waqaphela ukuba ookopolotyeni bagcina ingqiqo yepropathi yabucala. Ngoko uChávez waqala ukufuna ifom esekelwe kuyo impahla yoluntu, yaza ke le ndlela unxibelelwano.
Iprojekthi yoluntu imalunga nento esiyibiza ngokuba “kumhlaba.” Umbono kukuzisa ipolitiki eluntwini. Izopolitiko ezibandakanya izikhundla kurhulumente zidlula, kodwa mmelwane kwaye ilali iya kuqhubeka ikhona. Ngoko ke umanyano lumalunga nepolitiki yaloo mimandla.
Ukuba i-El Maizal ibiyimbumba nje, intsalela ibinokubuyela kwiiyunithi zemveliso apha okanye ibiya kwabelwa amalungu ekopolotyeni. Kodwa akunjalo. Endaweni yoko, ngenxa yokuba i-El Maizal iyindibano, siphinda sisasaze intsalela ngokusebenzisa amajelo ohlukeneyo oluntu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza imveliso kwezinye iindawo. Yiyo loo nto sicinga ukuba i-commune isisitshixo sokwakha usoshiyali: iphantsi komhlaba, ibandakanya iziseko zentlalo, kwaye imalunga nokuzimela.
I-commune akufuneki ibe sisiqithi. Ukuba ujonga iChiapas [eMexico], ngumsebenzi omangalisayo wolongamo, ukuzilawula nokuzikhusela. Siyazithanda ii-Zapatistas, kodwa ngelishwa zi-insular kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, uChávez wacinga ukuba i-commune inombono wesizwe.
Yiyo loo nto ingqwalasela yethu ingekho ngaphakathi kuphela: sikwakha iindawo zomanyano ezinje ngeManyano yamaKomanisi. Senza umanyano kwaye sithathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zonyulo ukuze sikwazi ukulawula izithuba ezikhoyo zamagunya. Konke oku, ewe, bekungayi kuthetha nto kwaphela ukuba ukuzilawula kunye nemveliso yentlalo ibingekho ngundoqo weprojekthi yethu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela