Amaxesha onyaka ayeza kwaye ahamba, kodwa amazwe ama-Arabhu akwisiphithiphithi esiqhubekayo. Bayibiza ngokuba 'yiNtwasahlobo yama-Arabhu', kodwa nokuba loo 'ntwasahlobo' yayikhe yabakho ngokwemilo kunye nendlela amajelo eendaba ayibonisa ngayo, ayizange ihlale. Ngoku iye yaguquka yaba yinto entsokothileyo ngakumbi.
Kodwa ayibo 'busika bamaSilamsi' nokuba, igama elibi elithandwa ngabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nabahlalutyi bakwaSirayeli. Umgangatho wamaSilamsi wemvukelo yama-Arabhu-eminye yawo yajika yaba ziimfazwe zamakhaya nezengingqi ezinegazi-bekufanele ukuba zicace kwasekuqaleni kuye nabani na okhathalayo ukuqonda ubunyani bezopolitiko ngaphaya kokusebenziseka kwayo njengesixhobo sokusasaza. UbuSilamsi bunayo kwaye iya kuhlala iyinxalenye yokubumba ingqiqo edibeneyo yezizwe zama-Arabhu. UbuSilamsi bezopolitiko bafudukela entliziyweni yengxabano eqhubekayo kwaye yayiyimbonakaliso yomzabalazo wenkulungwane apho iSilamsi yayiliqonga lokuthetha kwezopolitiko, ulawulo kunye nomthetho oye walwa ngokuchasene nemikhwa emininzi evela kumazwe angaphandle kunye neyentshona.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, akukhange kubekho manyano luphumeleleyo phakathi kwamaSilamsi kunye neeklasi ezilawulayo zama-Arabhu – oluyimpumelelo ngengqiqo yokuba lube negalelo kwinkqubela phambili, kumalungelo, nakwimpumelelo yomntu wonke. AmaSilamsi aye aphenjelelwa okanye alawula ungquzulwano. Ububi beziphumo zolu ngquzulwano lwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela abalawuli bama-Arabhu ababekrelekrele ngayo kulawulo lwabo. EJordani, ukungavisisani okuphantsi bekusoloko kukho phakathi kwamaqela aphikisayo amaSilamsi kunye neqela elilawulayo. Yaya phakathi kokuqukwa kwenxalenye yemikhosi yamaSilamsi kwipalamente eyayisebenza ngegunya elincinane kunye nokruthakruthwano ngamaxesha athile okanye iingxaki zezopolitiko ezineziphumo ezincinci.
Noko ke, asingayiyo yonke imifuniselo eye yasilela ngexabiso eliphantsi. E-Algeria, iinzame zokulungelelanisa zahamba kakubi kakhulu. Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseAlgeria yowe-1991 yathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yaza yaphumela ekubulaweni kwabantu abamalunga nama-200,000 XNUMX. Izinto zazingenzelwanga ukuba zibenegazi kangako, njengoko kwakuqale ngento ethembisayo: unyulo. Umbutho olawulayo we-National Liberation Front (FLN) ukhansele ukhetho emva komjikelezo wokuqala, ukwesaba oko kwakubonakala ngathi yilahleko eqinisekisiweyo ezandleni ze-Islamic Salvation Front (FIS). Isithembiso sajika saba liphupha elibi lesibini laseAlgeria, elokuqala yaba ngumzabalazo wayo wokukhululeka kubukoloniyali baseFransi. Zonke izithako zazilungele intlekele epheleleyo. Kwakukho umkhosi owomeleleyo olawula ilizwe ngeqela elilawulayo elizityebi ngokunzulu, inkcaso ekhaliphileyo yezobupolitika eyayisele iza kuzuza igunya lezobupolitika ngokusebenzisa ibhokisi yokuvota, kunye noluntu olwaluphoxeke ngokupheleleyo olulangazelela ukuhamba ngaphaya kwezilogeni ezidiniweyo nokungavunyelwa kwezoqoqosho. Ukongezelela, kwakukho isizukulwana solutsha esineembono ezininzi njengoko sasinamathandabuzo anzulu ngokunyaniseka kodidi olulawulayo kwasekuqaleni. Ukurhoxiswa konyulo kwaba sisiphithiphithi sokugqibela, yaye ukuphalazwa kwegazi kubonakala ngathi kuphela kwento eqhelekileyo. Ngoku, iAlgeria isabanjwe ziziphumo zolu ngquzulwano njengoko ihleli kwindawo yezopolitiko ngaphandle komkhombandlela oya naphi na.
Ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa komntu ukuba aphephe ukwenza izinto ngokubanzi, esazi ukuba amanye amajelo eendaba athanda ukuwadibanisa njani onke ama-Arabhu namaSilamsi kwintetho enye efanelekileyo, ukufana phakathi kwamava ase-Algeria naseYiputa ayinto eqhelekileyo.
NgoJanuwari 25, 2011, amaJiphutha avukela ngethemba lokuba anokuthi ekugqibeleni aqhawule umqobo weqela elilawulayo: Iqela le-National Democratic Party, kunye neqela lamashishini elidibeneyo kunye nomkhosi, oqhuba uqoqosho lwayo olukhulu ngaphakathi kwe-Egypt enkulu, i-haggard. uqoqosho.
Kodwa okongeziweyo, i-revolution yayinokujolisa kwi-conglomerate enkulu yengingqi kunye neyezizwe ngezizwe eyanceda kwaye yaxhasa urhulumente we-Hosni Mubarak kunye nezixhobo zakhe zamandla ezikhohlakeleyo. Enyanisweni, ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yabaxhamli ecacileyo, i-United States ihamba phambili, u-Mubarak wayengenakukwazi ukugcina ulawulo lwakhe ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo amaJiphutha ayenalo ixesha okanye izixhobo zokuphuhlisa uninzi lwe-ajenda yomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle, njengoko uguquko lwabo lwajongana nemiqobo emininzi kwaye benza isigqibo sokuzama ukonakalisa.
Kwelinye icala umkhosi wawusaphethe, nangona wawuzigqatsa ngokungathi ngumgcini wesizwe noguquko lwaso ngokusebenzisa kwaamajelo eendaba amadala anobuqhophololo. Kwelinye icala, akuzange kubekho sakhiwo esibambeneyo esasiza kuvumela amaJiphutha ukuba aguqulele umnqweno wawo odibeneyo kuyo nayiphi na into ebonakalayo. Ekuphela kweqonga elalikhona yayilelolonyulo kunye novoto, kwaye ngalinye laphunyelelwa ngokuthe ngqo nangedemokhrasi ngamaqela amaSilamsi. Unyulo olunobulungisa noluselubala mhlawumbi, kodwa iziphumo zabo zavumela ukuba urhulumente we-Mubarak aphinde avuke. Isebenzisa iziseko zayo ezingazange zichithwe, nangona uninzi lwamajelo eendaba arhwaphilizayo aphethwe ngoosomashishini abanamandla, kunye nomkhosi odlala indima ethandabuzekayo, ulawulo oludala lwakwazi ukujikela uvukelo mbuso ngokwalo. Yathengisa ngobuchule uqhanqalazo lwangomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela ngo-2013 ngokungathi lubizo lokulungisa indlela engeyiyo eyathathwa emva kovukelo lomhla wama-25 kaJanuwari 2011. Kwimeko engaqhelekanga, izigidi zabo baqhankqalaza ngokuchasene noMubarak babuya beqhankqalaza ngokuchasene noMohammed Morsi onyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi, besebenzisana nemikhosi yezopolitiko eyonakalisa ilizwe iminyaka emininzi, bebiza umkhosi omnye, kwaye bekunye ne-baltajiya. ' - izihange ezazigrogrisa abaqhankqalazi kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha eyadlulayo.
I-Egypt ngoku ithatha amanyathelo ayo okuqala ukuya ekubeni yenye iAlgeria ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya. Ngaba iinkokeli zobhukuqo-mbuso ziyaziqonda ngokwenene iziphumo zento eziyenzileyo?
I-Tunisia, elo lizwe lincinci elaphefumlela ihlabathi ngo-Dec. 2010, alikho ngasemva kwelo saga silusizi. Ukubulawa kwamva nje, ngeli xesha kwezopolitiko u-Mohamed Brahmi, kulandela ukubulawa kwangaphambili komnye wezopolitiko odumileyo, uChokri Belaid. ITunisia yahlulelene phakathi kwabo bafuna ukubhukuqa urhulumente, kunye nabo banyanzelisa ilungelo labo ledemokhrasi lokulawula. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ezinye izandla ezikrokrelwayo zizama ukutyhala iTunisia enzonzobileni ethengiswa njengamaSilamsi vs.
I-Syria ibe ngowona mzekelo unegazi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Nangona kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSyria, izikhonkwane zakhawuleza zaba phezulu, kwaye kunye nengxoxo echaphazelekayo, imfazwe yakhawuleza yaya kungquzulwano oluyingozi lwamahlelo oluchaphazeleka luvakala kufutshane nakude.
Ngandlel’ ithile elusizi, oorhulumente bama-Arabhu benza iinzuzo. Abanye bakwenza oko ngemfazwe, abanye ngobhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini, yaye abanye benza iyelenqe ngethemba lokufuduka kungekudala.
Njengoko kubizi kakhulu, inye into eqinisekileyo, i-paradigm yakudala yaseMbindi Mpuma, i-elite enamandla exhaswa ngamahlakani anamandla, icinezela abantu ababuthathaka, abagxothiweyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba bavuswe. Kuya kubakho igazi elingakumbi, kodwa ukubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinto yezolo.
– URamzy Baroud (www.ramzybaroud.net) ngumbhali wemihlathi odityaniswe ngamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomhleli wePalestineChronicle.com. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje ithi: UBawo wam wayenguMlweli weNkululeko: Ibali elingachazwanga laseGaza (Pluto Press).
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Nikela