'Indoda yokuqala eyathi, yavala isiqwenga somhlaba, yazicingela ngelithi 'yeyam le', yaza yafumana abantu abalula ngokwaneleyo ukuba bayikholelwe, yayingumseki wokwenene woluntu. Kususela kubuninzi bezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, iimfazwe nokubulalana, kwizinto ezikhwankqisayo namashwa, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba bekungayi kubakho bani walusindisayo uluntu, ngokuthi ancothule izibonda, okanye azalise umjelo, aze adanduluke kumadlelane akhe, esithi, Zilumkeleni ukuliphulaphula eli bhedengu; uya kubhanga ukuba uthe walibala ukuba iziqhamo zomhlaba zezethu sonke, nomhlaba ngokwawo awungomntu.โ
UJean-Jacques Rousseau ndingawuqonda lo mzuzu. Ngoku asingomhlaba abakhohlisi bakhe bawuvaleleyo, kodwa yindalo iphela. Kumazwe amaninzi, ngakumbi i-United Kingdom, indalo ixatyiswa kwaye ithengiswa ukuze itshintshwe ngemali.
Iinzame zaqala ngokunyanisekileyo phantsi korhulumente wokugqibela. Ngexabiso le-ยฃ100,000, yagunyazisa inkampani yophando ukuba ivelise ixabiso lonyaka lilonke kwi-ecosystem yaseNgilani. Emva kokuthatha imali, inkampani yanika ingxelo-ngento ethile engaphantsi-ukuba lo msebenzi "kwakucelomngeni ngokwethiyori ukuwugqiba, kwaye ujongwa ngabanye ukuba ayisiyiyo inzame evakalayo". Ezinye zeenkonzo ezibonelelwa yi-ecosystems yaseNgilani, yachaza, "eneneni inokuba nexabiso elingenasiphelo".
Oku kukhanya kunqabileyo kokuqonda akwenzanga nto ukutyhafisa urhulumente okhoyo ekufuneni kuqala ukubeka ixabiso kwindalo, emva koko adale imarike ekusetyenzisweni kwayo. I-UK ngoku ine ikomiti eyinkunzi yendalo, I I-Ecosystem Markets Task Force kunye nesichazi-magama esitsha esikhuthazayo. Asisayibizi kwakhona indalo: ngoku igama elifanelekileyo "yinkunzi yendalo". Iinkqubo zendalo ziye zaba "ziinkonzo ze-ecosystem", njengoko zikhona ukuze zisikhonze kuphela. Iinduli, amahlathi kunye neendawo ekuqokelelwa kuzo amanzi emilambo ngoku "ziiziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza", ngelixa i-biodiversity kunye neendawo zokuhlala "ziiklasi ze-asethi" ngaphakathi "kwemarike ye-ecosystem". Zonke ziya kunikwa ixabiso, zonke ziya kutshintshiselwana.
Ingxoxo exhasa le ndlela iyahambelana kwaye iyavakala. Amashishini ngoku ajonga indalo ngokungathi ayixabisekanga. Ubume bamaxabiso kunye nokubandakanya elo xabiso kwiindleko zempahla kunye neenkonzo kudala inkuthazo yezoqoqosho ekukhuseleni kwayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kubhenela kuzo zombini ishishini kunye nelizwe elizithiyileyo. I-Ecosystem Markets Task Force ithetha "ngokukhula okunokwenzeka okukhulu kwiimarike ezinxulumene nendalo - ngokulandelelana kweebhiliyoni zeeponti kwihlabathi jikelele".
Urhwebelwano, ukukhula koqoqosho, ukungathathi ntweni kwezemali, amandla oshishino: ayizonkqubo ezi ziqhuba ubunzima behlabathi? Ngoku sixelelwa ukuba ukugcina i-biosphere sifuna ngaphezulu kwazo.
Iintlawulo zeenkonzo ze-ecosystem zikhangeleka kum njengengabula-zigcawu kowona shishino lwabucala ukususela oko umrhaji kaRousseau wenza ibango elikhethekileyo kulo mhlaba. Urhulumente sele eqalisile ukuchaza abanini bemihlaba โnjengababoneleliโ beenkonzo ze-ecosystem, ngokungathi badale imvula neenduli nemilambo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ezihlala kuzo. Ziza kuhlawulwa ngezi nkonzo, nokuba ngurhulumente okanye "ngabasebenzisi". Kuvakala njengesicwangciso se-NHS.
Ubunini bomhlaba ukususela kwixesha lomkhohlisi wokuqala bubandakanye ukuqokelelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwamalungelo akhethekileyo, awathinjwa kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Iintlawulo zeenkonzo ze-ikhosistim zandisa olu ngenelelo ngokumisela umnini-mhlaba njengomnini kunye nomphembeleli wezilwanyana zasendle, ukuhamba kwamanzi, umjikelo wekhabhoni, iinkqubo zendalo ebezithathwa njengezomntu wonke ngaphambili kwaye akukho mntu.
Kodwa akuphelelanga apho. Emva kokuba isibonelelo sithengisiwe, abaqikeleli kunye nabarhwebi bayangenelela. I-Ecosystem Markets Task Force ngoku ithetha "ngokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha bezemali beSixeko ukuvavanya iindlela ezithi ezi ngeniso zidityanisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko ziphucule iROI [imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali] yebhondi yokusingqongileyo" . Oku kukunika umbono wokuba le nkqubo ihambe kangakanani - kwaye ye-gobbledegook sele iqalile ukuyivelisa.
Urhulumente sele ephuhlisa imarike yokurhweba ngezilwanyana zasendle, ngokuzama oko akubiza ngokuba yi-biodiversity offsets. Ukuba inkampani ye-quarry ifuna ukutshabalalisa i-meadow enqabileyo, umzekelo, inokuthenga i-absolution ngokuhlawula umntu ukuba enze enye kwenye indawo. Urhulumente ulumkisa ngelithi ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziselwe kuphela ukubuyisela "umonakalo ongenakuthintelwa ngokwenene" kwaye "akufunekanga ube yilayisensi yokutshabalalisa". Kodwa xa umgaqo usekiwe kwaye imarike isebenza, ucinga ukuba lo mgca uya kubamba ixesha elingakanani? Indalo, phantsi kwale nkqubo, iya kuba yifungible njengayo yonke enye into.
Njengeminye imiba yeniyoliberalism, ukuthengiswa kwendalo kuthintela ukhetho lwedemokhrasi. Asisayi kuphinda sikwazi ukuxoxa ngokuthi inkqubo yendalo okanye imbonakalo-mhlaba ifanele ikhuselwe kuba isenza simangaliswe yaye siyonwabisa; siyakuxelelwa ukuba ixabiso lalo elingaphakathi sele libaliwe kwaye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, lifumanise ukuba linexabiso elingaphantsi kunolunye usetyenziso onokuthi ubekwe kulo umhlaba. Imarike ithethile: ukuphela kweengxoxo.
Yonke loo micimbi imdaka, ephantsi, amandla akhuthazayo edemokhrasi, iya kusonjululwa kuluhlu lwamanani. Oorhulumente akuyi kufuneka balawule; imarike iya kwenza izigqibo abezopolitiko baye duck. Kodwa urhwebo yinkosi eguquguqukayo, kwaye ayiphenduli nakubani na ngaphandle kwabo banemali. Ixabiso kunye nokuthengiswa kwendalo kubonisa olunye ukudluliselwa kwamandla kumaqumrhu kunye nabatyebi kakhulu.
Kuyasinciphisa, kunciphisa indalo. Ngokuguqula ilizwe lendalo libe licandelo loqoqosho lweshishini, liqinisekisa kwakhona imfundiso yebhayibhile yolawulo. Isika i-biosphere ibe yimveliso yecandelo: sele iqela likarhulumente lithetha "ngokungahlanganisi" iinkonzo ze-ecosystem, igama elibolekwe kushishino lwabucala lwangaphambili. Oku kunokwenza ingqiqo yezemali; ayenzi ngqiqo ngendalo. Okukhona sifunda ngendalo, kokukhona sifumanisa ukuba imisebenzi yayo ayinakucalulwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kunqabile ukuba imali yenziwe ngokukhusela indalo ifane nemali eza kwenziwa ngokuyitshabalalisa. Indalo ibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi lembuyekezo xa kuthelekiswa nolunye utyalo-mali. Ukuba sivumela ingxoxo ukuba itshintshe ukusuka kwimilinganiselo ukuya kwixabiso - ukusuka eluthandweni ukuya ekubeniwa - sinikezela umhlaba wendalo ukuya kumandla owonakalisayo. Tsala izibonda, ugcwalise umsele, siphinde sibanjwe.
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Nikela