Elinye lamagorha endalo engqongileyo likhulu alinalo nephepha leWikipedia. Nangona uye wenza okungakumbi ukukhusela isijikelezi-langa esiphilayo phantse kunaye nabani na ophilayo, igama lakhe alaziwa. Kuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba uthule kwaye uyazifihla kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungazi ngokubanzi malunga noMbindi Melika ukuba abambalwa bethu baye bakuva. Alvaro Umaรฑa.
Oku kunokuba kutshintsha. Udlala ifilimu enomdla, ngoku ekhululwe eNetherlands kwaye uthethathethwano ngentengiso yehlabathi, ebizwa IParadesi egangathiweyo (dislosure: Nam bendinodliwano ndlebe). Yingxelo yokuqala yobude endiyibukeleyo ethetha ngobukrelekrele nowona mba ubalulekileyo wokusingqongileyo: ukusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ngokuchasene ne idumile kodwa ilahlekile Iifilimu ezinje Wanga umhlaba or Eyona Fama iNcinane inkulu, iyaqonda ukuba ukusetyenziswa komhlaba owongezelelekileyo kusisisongelo esiyingozi kwihlabathi eliphilayo. Kwenza imeko yokuba, ngaphandle kokuba sibala iihektare kwaye senze isigqibo kunye ngendlela efanelekileyo ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngayo, siya kulahlekelwa ngumzabalazo wokukhusela iplanethi ehlala kuyo.
IParadesi egangathiweyo ibalisa ngeyona nguqu imangalisayo yendalo eMhlabeni: inguqu yeCosta Rica. Ukususela ngowe-1986 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1990, umaรฑa wayengumphathiswa wemekobume kurhulumente wase-รscar Arias. U-Arias ufumene ibhaso loxolo leNobel ngezozakuzo zommandla wakhe. Kodwa inguquko eyothusayo yendalo esingqongileyo i-Umaรฑa isenziwa ayaziwa kangako.
De urhulumente waseArias wathatha ulawulo, iCosta Rica yafumana awona mazinga mabi kakhulu okutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi emhlabeni: kuvavanyo olunye lwezenzululwazi, ukugquma kwehlathi layo. yawa ukuya kuphela kwi-24.4% yelizwe.
Namhlanje, amahlathi athatha i-57%, ethi, Umaรฑa undixelela, isondele kwiqondo eliphezulu: ezinye iindawo azizange zibe nehlathi, ngelixa ezinye ngoku zihlala kwiifama ezivelisayo kunye nezixeko. Ngelixa inani elincinane lokugawulwa kwamaplanga ngokungekho mthethweni lisaqhubeka, iCosta Rica kuphela kwelizwe elikweleenjiko elinamaninzi okanye ngaphantsi wema wabuya umva ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ngoku ineyona pesenti iphezulu yehlabathi iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ingaba yenzeke njani?
Umaรฑa wacenga uArias ukuba amvumele aqhube isebe elitsha (amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo) noxanduva lweendawo ezikhuselweyo. Wabona ukuba owona msebenzi uphambili yayikukutshintsha inkuthazo yemali. Nangona ukufuya iinkomo kwakungavelisi mveliso, njengoko umhlaba wawunokondla inkomo enye nje ngehektare, wawunengeniso encinane gqitha kunokuvumela ihlathi lime.
Isebe lakhe labala iindleko zokuncama inkomo kwii-$64 ngonyaka, ngoko le yimali elaliyinikela ukukhusela okanye ukubuyisela ihektare yehlathi. Waqala ngokufikelela kumafama amancinci kunye nabameli babo, kuloo mimandla apho abantu babevelana kakhulu nalo mbono. Abona banini-mhlaba bancinane banikwa izibonelelo, ezinkulu kancinane zanikwa iimali-mboleko ezithambileyo, ngesithembiso sokuba ukuba ihlathi labo lisamile emva kweminyaka emihlanu, lalinokuba sisiqinisekiso semali-mboleko. Isicwangciso saba yimpumelelo emangalisayo: i-97% yabo bafumana imali-mboleko bakhusele okanye babuyisela imithi kumhlaba wabo. Njengoko abanini-mhlaba kuyo yonke indawo babona ukuba inkqubo yenza ingqiqo yezemali, kuye kwaba nokurhuma ngokugqithisileyo.
Efuna imali eyongezelelekileyo, ngowe-1988 umaรฑa wavuma a ityala-for-indalo swap kunye norhulumente waseDatshi. Ibiya kulicima inxalenye yetyala langaphandle ukuba imali iCosta Rica ibinokuchithwa ekuyilungiseni isetyenziselwe ukulondoloza amahlathi.
Emva kokutshintsha kukarhulumente, umaรฑa waba ngunozakuzaku wemozulu yelo lizwe. Wanceda Kuzisa irhafu ekhethekileyo ye-3.5% kumafutha e-fossil ukunceda ukuhlawula ukugcinwa kwehlathi.
Kungekudala abakhuseli bemithi baqalisa ukongezelela umvuzo wabo. Abakhenkethi ngoku bangowesibini kwimithombo yengeniso yelizwe: amanani karhulumente abonisa ukuba i-65% yabo. uluhlu i-ecotourism njengesizathu esiphambili sokutyelela. Beza kubona iitoucan, ii<em>macaw eziluhlaza, iinkawu, ii<em>jaguar, ii<em>caiman, amasele anetyhefu anetyhefu kunye nezinye izinto ezimangalisayo zendalo ezivukayo. Abanini-mhlaba banokufaka isicelo sephepha-mvume ngokukhetha ukuwisa inani elincinane lemithi yabo, eminye yayo exabiseke kakhulu.
Esinye isizathu sempumelelo yale nkqubo kukuba ukwabelana yeenzuzo zemali, ngakumbi ngokukhokela kwayo kwihlabathi isicwangciso sentshukumo yesini. Enye kukutshintsha kwenkcubeko. Ekwakheni isazisi esitsha malunga "la pura vidaโ (ubomi obulula), urhulumente wabonisa ukuba, xa kudityaniswa nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho, ukuzingca ngobuzwe kunokunceda ekupheliseni imikhwa ekudala ikho njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kufuywe iinkomo.
ICosta Rica yanceda ekukhuthazeni Bonn Challenge, inkqubo yehlabathi lonke yokubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo nogawulwayo. Yazisa amazwe ngamazwe iplani ukukhusela i-30% yeplanethi ngo-2030, kwaye wayengomnye wamalungu amabini abasunguli, kwi 2021, ye-Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (nangona iye yahlala ukususela ngoko wema ngasemva, kulandela utshintsho lukarhulumente). Ezi yimpumelelo emangalisayo kwilizwe elincinane.
Thelekisa le rekhodi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wase-UK, owathi, emva kweminyaka engama-37 emva kokuba u-Umaรฑa eqalise ukusebenza, usaqhubeka e-pissing malunga ne-half-solution kunye ne-non-solution, ebanjwe intlawulelo ngabanini bepropati abazizityebi nabanamandla kwaye abanako ngokupheleleyo ukwenza izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo zokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwi Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ngoxa izilwanyana zasendle zaseCosta Rica zisanda, ezethu sele zingenile isimahla yonke. Urhulumente ubonakala ezimisele, ngokuchasene nazo zonke iingcebiso, ukuvumela lo mkhwa oyintlekele ukuba uyaqhubeka kule minyaka ilishumi iseleyo.
Ngokuphathelele irhafu yepetroli ebinokusetyenziswa, njengeCosta Rica, ukuxhasa ukulungiswa kwendalo, urhulumente wase-UK ngoku libalekile ingeniso eyi-ยฃ80 yebhiliyoni eyongezelekayo ngokushiya umrhumo wamafutha onyukayo kwaBasebenzi kunye nokunika abaqhubi isaphulelo esikhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yethu kunyuke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7% ngaphezulu kunokuba bekuya kuba njalo.
Ngoko kutheni uhlanga olutyebileyo nolunamandla lusilela, ngoxa oluncinane, oluhlwempuzekileyo ngakumbi luphumelela? Ukuthetha no-Umaรฑa kunye nokuphanda ngembali yolu tshintsho kuphakamisa impendulo elula: umgangatho karhulumente. Xa oorhulumente bezibophelele, bethatha isigqibo kwaye bengaguquguquki, izinto ziyenzeka. Xa bejongwa kumaqela aphembelela amaqela, ubuqhetseba kunye norhwaphilizo, kwaye badlulisele uxanduva kwinto ebizwa ngokuba โyimarikeโ, bachitha amashumi eminyaka beqhwaba izandla ngeli lixa isiphithiphithi silawula.
Ilizwe lethu elizithiyileyo, nelibonisa inkcubeko yalo elingenakukwazi ukwenza njengomthombo wokuzingca, ligxininisa ukuba urhulumente akanako kwaye akafanelanga ukuzisombulula iingxaki zethu, ngokomgaqo-siseko umiselwe ukuba ngumseki. Kutheni singenakuwuxelisa umzekelo waseCosta Rica? Ngenxa yokuba ukhuphiswano oluncinci kodwa olunamandla lunyanzelisa ukusilela.
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