IParis ibone ubunqolobi obucacileyo obusenziwa ngabantu abanenzondelelo yempambano Novemba 13 kunye nenyanga kamva, ubunqolobi obucacileyo ngamakhoboka ekhabhoni athethathethana ngesivumelwano sehlabathi esiqinisekisa utshintsho oluyintlekele lwemozulu. Isiganeko sokuqala sashiya abantu abangaphezu kwe-130 befile kwisiphithiphithi sangokuhlwa nje enye; eyesibini yathabatha iiveki ezimbini kodwa kwinkulungwane ezayo kunokulindelwa ukuba ibulale amakhulu ezigidi, ingakumbi eAfrika.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuba inguqulelo yamva nje yeentetho zemozulu zeZizwe eziManyeneyo zineentlobo ezintathu zoogqirha abajikelezayo, ubungakanani bomonakalo usenokungaqondwa kakuhle. I21st INkomfa yamaQela (COP21) kwiNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-UN yoTshintsho lweMozulu (i-UNFCCC) ivelise iintshukumo ukusuka ekukhanyeleni ubutyebi ukuya kwingqumbo yobulungisa. Ukusabela kokuqala 'kuvela phezulu' (iSiseko) kwaye kuyaneliseka; owesibini usuka embindini ('Isenzo seMozulu') kwaye waneliseke kancinci; owesithathu, ukusuka ezantsi ('Bulungisa beMozulu'), unomsindo ngokufanelekileyo.
I-champagne egudileyo yaseFransi ngoMgqibelo ophelileyo, iSiseko sabhengeza ngokukhawuleza, eneneni, "Iglasi yemozulu yaseParis iphantse yagcwala - kutheni unganxili kwi-rhetoric esindisa iplanethi?" I ENew York Times ingxelo ngobuso obuthe ngqo, "uMongameli Obama uthe isivumelwano sembali sisimbeko kubunkokeli bokutshintsha kwemozulu yaseMelika" (kwaye ngendlela yokungakhathali ngolwaphulo-mthetho, oku akuyonyani).
Ukusukela ngo-2009, umphathi-thethwano oyintloko weSebe lase-US u-Todd Stern uye waqhuba ngempumelelo uthethathethwano kude nemigaqo emine ebalulekileyo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibophelelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-emissions ziyakwanela ukumisa utshintsho lwemozulu olubalekayo; ukwenza ukucuthwa kubophe ngokusemthethweni ngeendlela zokuphendula; ukusasaza umthwalo wokunqunyulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuxanduva lokubangela ingxaki; kunye nokwenza udluliselo lwemali ukulungisa ilahleko enxulumene nemozulu kunye nomonakalo olandela ngokuthe ngqo kolo xanduva lwembali. Abaphezulu baseWashington bahlala bekhetha 'iindlela zentengiso' njengokurhweba ngekhabhoni endaweni yokuhlawula ityala labo lemozulu nangona imakethi yekhabhoni yelizwe lase-US iye yantlitheka ngo-2010.
Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba iDurban COP17 ngo-2011 ibonelele ngokuthambisa kwaye - ngentsikelelo yoMzantsi Afrika - yaxhobisa uStern ukuba achithe imbono yeCommon But Differentiated Responsibility ngelixa enika "ukudubula kweViagra kwiimarike ezivuthayo zekhabhoni" (njengegosa eliyindoda leBhanki yaseMelika elabhiyoza ngovuyo) , iParis yabona ukupheliswa kwale migaqo ibalulekileyo. Kwaye kwakhona, โuMzantsi Afrika udlale indima ebalulekileyo uthethathethwano egameni lamazwe asakhasayo ehlabathi,โ ngokutsho komphathiswa wezendalo wasePitoli u-Edna Molewa, owabhengeza eParis โisiphumo esinamabhongo, esinobulungisa nesibophelela ngokusemthethweni.โ
Ifibbery enekratshi. Imirhumo eJongeneyo eJongene kuZwelonke (INDCs) โ okt ngokuzithandela ukusika - kuya kubeka ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kwe-3 degrees. Ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika osekwe kumalahle, igama elithi amabhongo liphelelwa yintsingiselo xa kujongwa ii-INDC zikaMolewa ezibuthathaka โ zibalwa yi-ClimateActionTracker njengezona โzingonelangaโ ehlabathini โ nanjengoko uMzantsi Afrika usingathe ezona zikhululo zikhulu zamandla ombane ezibaswa ngamalahle ehlabathi ekusakhiwa ngoku, ngaphandle kokuchaswa nguMolewa. Uvumela rhoqo ukwanda (kwenkxaso-mali eninzi) ukutshiswa kwamalahle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuqhekeka okukhulu, ukugrumba i-oyile kude nonxweme, ukukhululwa kulawulo longcoliseko, ulimo oludityanisiweyo lwemveliso kunye nokwanda ngokukhawuleza kwedolophu.
Ingxelo yesibini ivela kwii-NGOs ezinkulu eziye zahlanganisana kwezi nyanga zintandathu zidlulileyo ukuze zibonelele ngamanqaku anoxinzelelo olungenabuntu kubathethi-thethwano. Umgca wabo uthi, "Iglasi yaseParis ngokuyinxenye igcwele - ke rhabula kwaye wonwabe!"
Lo mgca awuphumi nje ekubetheni umva okuqikelelweyo okunxulunyaniswa namampunge angoohlohlesakhe, ukujonga phezulu emandleni ukuze kuqinisekiswe, okufana nokufumanisa kwiNgxowa-mali yeHlabathi yoBuxhakaxhaka bokuSebenza kweNdalo kunye neMozulu, yintoni ngenkxaso-mali yabo yoshishino. Sonke sifunda oku sihlala sihendwa kweli cala, akunjalo, kuba ukujijwa kwentamo okungaqhelekanga kuyingozi esisigxina emsebenzini kulo mgca womsebenzi.
Kwaye elo thuba belilindelwe eParis, ngakumbi emva kweAvaaz neGreenpeace zivunywe Ukuthunyelwa kobunkokeli be-G7 ngoJuni, xa kwintlanganiso yabo eJamani iSiseko senza isibophelelo esingenantsingiselo kuqoqosho lwe-decarbonized - ngonyaka we-2100, iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kwexesha kakhulu.
Mhlawumbi kubi ngaphezu kokujonga kwabo phezulu, nangona kunjalo, ii-NGO ezikhokelayo ziye zachaphazeleka kwi-hyper-reaction kwi-2009 Copenhagen Syndrome. Emva kokwenza uthethwano lokuSekwa โโkweCOP15 ngokuthi โSitywina iSivumelwano!โ iplanethi-abasindisi, ii-NGOs zililele iSivumelwano saseCopenhagen esitshabalalisayo esisayinwe ngasese ziinkokeli zaseWashington, Brasilia, Beijing, New Delhi kunye nePitoli. Kungekudala oku kwalandelwa kukuwohloka kwengqiqo yemozulu kunye nokuhlanganisana. Ukwahlukana okunjalo kuhlala kubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwentliziyo kwamatshantliziyo: ukunyuka kolindelo lwe-NGO kunye nokudodobala kokusebenza kweZiko.
Zinethiyori kuphela eyongezelekayo yotshintsho lwentlalo, ii-NGOs ezigqwesa isivumelwano saseParis ngoku ziziva zinesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuba zenze konke ebezinakho, kwaye zinezizathu zokuqhubeka ngendlela efanayo kwixa elizayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, amaqhinga okucenga angaphakathi alandelwa ngamalungu ezigidi ezingama-42 eqela lokucofa i-Avaaz ngokuqinisekileyo ayachukumisa ububanzi kunye nobubanzi bawo. Ukanti kwi-Avaaz, โokubaluleke kakhulu, [isivumelwano saseParis] sithumela umyalezo ocacileyo kubatyali-zimali kuyo yonke indawo: ukutshonisa imali kumafutha efosili kulubhejo olufayo. Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo ziziko lenzuzo. Itekhnoloji yokusizisa kwi-100% yamandla acocekileyo yeyona nto yenza imali kwikamva. โ
Kwakhona, i-Avaaz iqinisekisa inkqubo yeCOP, uthethathethwano lwesiSeko kunye nolwakhiwo lwenkuthazo lulonke longxowankulu oluthi. ngoonobangela bengxaki.
Ibali lesithathu lelona liyinyaniso: "Iglasi yaseParis izele luthuli oluyityhefu lwentsomi - ungakhe ulinge ukusezela!" Imo yemveli yoBulungisa beMozulu (CJ) kukugunyazisa ukuSekwa โโkunye nokubuyisela ingqwalasela yobutshantliziyo kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzabalazo, kwixesha elizayo ukutshintsha ngokumandla ulungelelwaniso lwemikhosi yasekhaya, kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kodwa de kube olo tshintsho kumandla lufezekisiwe, ii-UNFCCC COPs ziiNkomfa nje zabangcolisi.
Umbutho wabantu abangenamhlaba i-Via Campesina wawucace gca: โAkukho nto ibophelelayo kumazwe, igalelo lesizwe lisikhokelela kubushushu behlabathi obungaphezulu kwe-3ยฐC kwaye amazwe ngamazwe ngabona baxhamli baphambili. Yayiyisekisi yeendaba.โ
U-Asad Rehman unxibelelanisa impembelelo yemozulu kumbutho ophambili wehlabathi we-CJ eMntla-Mazantsi, i-Friends of the Earth International: โUphononongo [lokuba ii-INDCs ziyathotyelwa na zize ke zifune ukomelezwa] zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zishiywe lixesha. Inani lezopolitiko elikhankanyiweyo ngokwezemali alinamsebenzi kubungakanani bemfuno. Ayinamntu. I-iceberg ibetha, inqanawa iyehla kwaye iqela lisadlala ngokuqhwaba kwezandla. "
Kwaye ndingalibali ilizwi lesayensi yemozulu, eyibeka ngokucacileyo, uJames Hansen wayibiza iParis, ngokulula, "bullshit."
Isishiya phi loo nto? Ukuba ii-NGOs ezinesiqingatha esigcwele iglasi ziba nzulu- kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba ndizomangala ngo-2016 - ke ekuphela kwendlela eya phambili kukuba basebenzise impembelelo yabo enkulu egameni lomanyano kunye nabaphembeleli be-CJ benza umahluko wokwenyani, kwisiseko. .
Kufuphi nekhaya lam, kwiiveki eziphambi kokuba i-COP21 ibone uloyiso olunokubakho kwimizabalazo emibini emikhulu: ukuchaswa kwemigodi yamalahle eshishineyo โ ekhokelwa ikakhulu ngabasetyhini abangabalimi, abakhankasi kunye namagqwetha โ emaphandleni akwaZulu, kumda wembali yolondolozo lwembali iMfolozi (apho eyona ndawo inkulu emhlophe ehlabathini imikhombe isongelwa ngabazingeli abangekho mthethweni); kunye nabahlali baseMzantsi Durban abalwa ukwanda okukhulu kweyona ndawo inkulu yase-Afrika ye-petrochemical complex. Kuzo zombini ezi hlaselo, isixhobo sokhuselo lwemozulu sasiyinxalenye yezixhobo zamatsha ntliziyo.
Kodwa kuphela xa la maphulo ewenzile umsebenzi abaxoxisana be-COP kunye nee-NGO cheerleaders bavele babaleka - beshiya amafutha e-fossil emhlabeni kwaye bekhomba indlela eya kuluntu olunobulungisa, lwe-post-carbon - apho sinokuphakamisa iiglasi zethu kunye nobuntu obunqabileyo, ingqibelelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, abaqhankqalazi beNkomfa yaseParis yabangcolisi kufuneka baxelelwe ukuba bahlaziyeke kwaye bayeke oko kuya kuqondwa kungekudala njengohlaselo lwabo olubulalayo kuMama woMhlaba.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 amagqabantshintshi
Kubonakala ngathi kukho isivumelwano esixhaphakileyo phakathi kweKhohlo ukuba utshintsho lwenguqu, oko kukuthi izisombululo, zinokuza kuphela ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda okuncinci ukuba utshintsho lwenguquko nalo luqala ezantsi, okt awukwazi ukutshintsha ihlabathi ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Okufunekayo ziinguqu zenkcubeko ezifana nezolimo ezihlaziyiweyo, endaweni yeenguqu kwezopolitiko ezijolise phezulu - iinkqubo zolawulo olumele lwesizwe.