Ngaphandle kwempumelelo yokuvukela umkhosi wakwa-Israel eGaza, iintshukumo zezopolitiko zengingqi yeHamas kwiminyaka yakutshanje azibi naziqhamo. Ngokudibeneyo yi-Israel kunye namanye amaqela angama-Arabhu, engaxhaswanga liGunya lasePalestine (PA) lika-Mahmoud Abbas, i-Islamic Resistance Movement iphinde ijongene nokukhetha okunzima, kwaye kubonakala ngathi ikhetha Ukubuyela ngononophelo kwinkampu yayo yakudala yaseIran kunye neHezbollah. Ukuqhuba ngeli xesha kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ezinye iinketho ze-Hamas, nangona kunjalo, zilinganiselwe kakhulu okanye azikho. Le ntshukumo ijongene nemiceli mngeni eyoyikekayo: uqoqosho olugxothiweyo, iziseko ezingundoqo ezonakalisiwe, zatshabalalisa itonela laseRafah kunye nongqingo oluzingisileyo lwamaSirayeli.
Inkqubela phambili yesivumelwano se-Hamas-Fatah kulo nyaka uphelileyo, elandelwa kukusekwa korhulumente omtsha, kwakuthethwa ukuba ibe yimfuneko kwamanye amanyathelo alindelekileyo, kuquka nohlaziyo loMbutho weNkululeko yasePalestine (PLO). Iphulo elalikade lithembisa lomanyano laphazanyiswa yimfazwe enkulu yakwaSirayeli, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Operation Protective Edge, eyabulala yangxwelerha amawakawaka. I Imfazwe nayo yashiya iGaza esele ikhathazekile ikwimo yayo embi kakhulu.
Endaweni yokuseka ngokukhawuleza amasebe karhulumente eGaza, ukufaka imali kwi-Strip echithekileyo kwaye kuqaliswe inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwangoko, Urhulumente osekwe eRamallah kaRami Hamdallah yalibazisa yonke into kwinto eyayinokuqondwa kuphela njengengqiqo yezopolitiko. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokuphuma, nangona kunjalo ithintelwe, iGaza ayizukwazi ukumelana nexesha elide.
Iinzame ze-Hamas zokubandakanya i-Egypt njengendlela yokufumana enye indawo yokuqhawula ungqingo aluzange luphumeze iziphumo. Jiphethe yabhengeza iHamas njengombutho wabanqolobi kuMatshi ophelileyo. Kutshanje, iphiko lomkhosi le-Hamas, i-Izz el-Deen Al-Qassam Brigades lizifumene. uvalwe kwaye utyholwa 'ngobunqolobi' yinkundla yaseYiputa.
Ngamatonela atshatyalalisiwe, kwaye 'indawo yesithinteliUkusekwa kunye nokunqatyiswa ngeenxa zonke kwiGaza Strip ukusuka kwicala laseYiputa lomda, ungqingo ngoku lugqityiwe.
Nangona kunjalo iGaza yayinokusinda, ngaphandle kokuba imfazwe yakwa-Israeli ishiye ngasemva amawaka eentsapho ezingenamakhaya, ngaphezulu kwe-11,000 yenzakele kwaye ingene kubuhlwempu.
Inkomfa yabaxhasi eCairo kulo nyaka uphelileyo yathembisa ukwakha kwakhona iGaza, kodwa bambalwa abaye banikezela. I IZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye ne-Arab League zibuyile zicela uncedo izithembiso eziza kufezekiswa. Kodwa nokuba benza njalo, i-US kunye nabalingane bayo bagxininisa ukuba imali ayihanjiswa ngeHamas.
Ke, yintoni iHamas yokwenza?
Ngaphambi koko kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-Arab Spring ngo-2011, lo mmandla wawusahlulwe kwiinkampu ezimbini zezopolitiko. Enye yaziwa ngokuba 'yi-axis of resistance', ikwayinkampu 'yokwala'. Iquka i-Iran, iSiriya, i-Hezbollah kunye ne-Hamas. Enye yinkampu 'yamodareyitha' edibanisa amahlakani engingqi yase-US. Le yokugqibela yabekwa kwindawo yokulinganisa eyokuqala.
Emva koko, ukwahlukana kweSunni-Shia kwakukho, kodwa kwakungafane kubizwe njengokuba kunjalo namhlanje. Ubukho beHamas, umbutho wamaSunni phakathi kweqela elikhulu lamaShia kunye nokucandwa okucacileyo komlo ophakathi kwe-US-Israel vs.
Ekuqaleni, iNtwasahlobo yazisa isithembiso esaneleyo, ngaphambi kokuba ijongane nommandla wonke. Yadala imfazwe kunye nezinye iingxabano ezibulala igazi, kodwa kunye nezopolitiko ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kunye ukwahlulwahlulwa kwamahlelo.
Imfazwe eSyria yayibonakala njengeyona meko ilungileyo kumagunya ahlukeneyo asentshona, kubandakanya i-US kunye no-Israyeli. I-Iran, iRashiya kunye namazwe ase-Arab angena kungquzulwano, ngalinye lineenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-Iran, imfazwe ngokuqinisekileyo yaba yiyo ithuba lokwandisa impembelelo yayo yengingqi. Ngokuzibandakanya neHezbollah kumlo-owathi ngoko waquka amaqela amaninzi angamakhaya nangaphandle-icala leSunni-Shia kungquzulwano liye lavakala.
Akukho cala laliza kuvumela iHamas ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kweparadigm yehlelo elibi. Iqela bekulindeleke ukuba lithabathe icala, kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
Ngeli xesha, abantu basePalestine bahlala bengamanyani nangona umanyano lwabo lubaluleke kakhulu. I-PA ka-Abbas yahlala ibandakanyeka kwintetho 'yenkqubo yoxolo', inikela ingqalelo encinci kumawaka abafileyo kwaye iimbacu zasePalestina ezilambileyo eSiriya.
Ukungcakaza kukaHamas akuzange kuhlawule nokuba kuncinci. Ihlwempuzekile ngakumbi kwaye iyedwa, iHamas yafuna ukuphumla Ukudibanisa imikhosi kunye neFatah ka-Abbas, ukuphelisa iyantlukwano kwaye kufuneke ithuba lokuphuma kwinto eyaba yingcamango engenathemba.
Emva koko, amaSirayeli ahlasela iGaza. Ingxoxo yemithombo yeendaba yayigxile kunxibelelwano lweHamas olungangqinwanga ekuxhwilweni nasekubulaweni kwabemi abathathu abakwishumi elivisayo kwaSirayeli. Yayingafane ibe libali elo. Ngokumka kwe-Hamas 'kwi-axis of resistance' kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwayo yinkampu 'ephakathi' yama-Arab, intshukumo yaba buthathaka kakhulu. Inkulumbuso yakwa-Israel uBenjamin Netanyahu ufumene ithuba lokuzisa isibetho sokugqibela kwi-Hamas njengoko wabetha iGaza ngenkohlakalo engenakuthelekiswa nanto. Wayejonge ukwaphula iHamas ngokwezopolitiko ngaphambi kokuba athobe amandla ayo omkhosi.
Ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kweziseko ezingundoqo zaseGaza yayingekuko ukunyameka kwemihla ngemihla kukaSirayeli ekuphatheni amaPalestina. Kwakujoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-Hamas ayiyi kuba nethuba lokulawula iGaza emva kwemfazwe, kwaye ivele iwe phantsi komsebenzi ongenakwenzeka wokuvuselela i-Strip, ngaphandle koncedo, i-samente kwaye akukho nto yokuphila.
Ama-Arabhu ayephenjelelwe ziingxaki zawo okanye abukele isohlwayo esiqatha seGaza nguSirayeli ngomxube wokoyika, ukuzonwabisa kunye nolindelo. Abo babongoza iHamas ukuba yahlukane neIran asilele ukuqhubela phambili nokuvala isithuba esikhoyo sezixhobo, imali nolunye uncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo. Akubonanga nje ukuba abaninzi eHamas babona ukuba njengokungcatsha, abanye abangazange bafune ukwahlukana neIran baqala ukutyhala intshukumo ukuba iphinde iqwalasele ubudlelwane bayo bezopolitiko kwakhona.
Enyanisweni, i inkqubo yokulungisa ubudlelwane ne-Iran sele kusenziwa iinyanga, kwaye uninzi - nangona lungachanekanga - iimpawu zobudlelwane phakathi kwe-Iran ne-Hezbollah kwelinye icala, kunye ne-Hamas kwelinye, besongezelela kwisigqibo esibonakalayo.
Xa inqwelomoya yase-Israeli yabetha inqwelo moya kwiphondo laseSyria eQuneitra nge-18 kaJan, yabulala abalweli be-Hezbollah abathandathu kunye nomphathi wase-Irani, i-Hamas yakhawuleza ukuthumela amazwi ovelwano. I eyona iphawuleka kakhulu kule miyalezo ivela ku-Mohammed al-Deif, inkokeli ye-al-Qassam Brigades. UDeif wacela ukuba kubekho imipu kwidabi elihlangeneyo nxamnye noSirayeli.
Imiyalezo yezopolitiko iye yangena, omnye kowayesakuba ngurhulumente weHamas iNkulumbuso uIsmail Haniyeh. "Sibhengeza umanyano lwethu olupheleleyo kunye neLebhanon kunye nokuchasana kweLebhanon," watsho, ebiza umanyano ngokuchasene 'notshaba oluphambili lwe-ummah'. Oku, ukongeza kwinkokeli yeHamas, ikhwelo likaKhaled Meshaal ukumelana ngoxolo eSiriya, ebonisa ukuba i-Hamas ifuna ukubuyela kwinkampu yase-Iran yayiyinto yexesha.
Enyanisweni, oko kubuya kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kamva, njengoko icetyiswa ngu-Ahmed Yousef, Umcebisi ophezulu wangaphambili kaHaniyeh, kunye nelungu elinempembelelo kwintlangano. Uye wathi uMeshaal kufuneka esingise eTehran kungekudala ukuze adibane neenkokheli eziphezulu zaseIran.
I-Hamas's ukubuyela okunokwenzeka kwinkampu yaseIran kungenzeka ukuba ilumke, ibalwe kwaye inokuba neendleko ezinkulu. Kukho ingxaki yokuthembana phakathi kwawo onke amaqela. Noko ke, kwabanye eHamas, oko kubuya kwakungenakuphepheka.
Kodwa i-Iran kunye ne-Hezbollah nazo ziyayidinga i-Hamas, ubuncinci ukuba ihlukane nembali yehlelo eliye labandakanya lo mmandla. Umfanekiso we-Iran kunye ne-Hezbollah, le yokugqibela yakha yabonwa njengenqaba yokuchasa, iphantsi kakhulu.
Abanye baya kubohlwaya isicwangciso esitsha sikaHamas, abanye baya kuncoma ukubuya kwayo kwingqiqo. Kodwa kwiHamas kunye nokuchasana kwePalestina eGaza, yinto nje yokusinda.
URamzy Baroud - www.ramzybaroud.net – ngumbhali wemihlathi odityaniswe ngamazwe ngamazwe, umcebisi weendaba, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi kunye nomseki we PalestineChronicle.com. Ngoku ugqibezela izifundo zakhe zePhD kwiDyunivesithi yase-Exeter. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje ithi, My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story (Pluto Press, London).
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Nikela