Kungekudala emva kokuba owayesakuba ngunobhala weendaba kaBush (ngoku ongumbhali) uScott McClellan watyhola uMongameli Bush kunye namaqabane akhe angaphambili ngokulahlekisa ilizwe lethu e-Iraq kunokuba izikhalo zoqhanqalazo zijike zaba ngumgqumo omkhulu. Andithethi nge-vitriol ejoliswe kuye ngoogxa bangaphambili be-White House njengoKarl Rove kunye no-Ari Fleischer. Ndithetha ngabanye abaququzeleli bemfazwe bakaMcClellan: abashukumi kunye nabashukumayo kumajelo eendaba. Abantu uMcClellan abhekisa kubo kwincwadi yakhe "njengabachasayo, ababandakanyekayo" kulawulo lukaBush lwepropaganda yemfazwe.
Omnye emva komnye, iinkwenkwezi zeendaba zazikhusela ngentsomi endala ediniweyo yokuba akukho mntu uthandabuzayo i-Iraq WMD (izixhobo zokutshabalalisa) amabango ngelo xesha. Umsonto malunga nokujonga emva kokuba yi-20/20 uhanjiswe amaxesha amaninzi kunekliphu yomfundisi uWright kwiFox News.
U-Katie Couric, ogubungela i-CBS yomkhosi wamajoni ase-Iraq sele ephantse ukubamba, wayeyenye yeenkwenkwezi ezimbalwa ukuba zicace malunga nokuhlasela kwangaphambili, esithi kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo, "Ndicinga ukuba sesinye sezahluko ezihlazo kubuntatheli baseMelika." Uthethe "ngoxinzelelo" oluvela kulawulo lweshishini, hayi nje iQela likaBush, ukuba "lithintele ngokwenene nakuphi na ukuchasana." Ke umququzeleli we-NBC "Namhlanje," uthi i-network brass yamgxeka ngokucela umngeni kulawulo.
Abaphathi be-NBC ngokucacileyo abazange bakhalaze xa - kwiiveki ezimbini kuhlaselo - u-Couric wabulela umphathi-mkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi ngokuza kumboniso, wongeza, "Kwaye ndifuna nje wazi, ndicinga ukuba i-Navy SEALs ilitye!"
Eli lixesha elizukileyo kuluntu lwaseMelika. Ekugqibeleni singababona abo baye bayeka ukunika ingxelo nge-cheerleading kunye nokuwangawangisa iflegi kunye namaxabiso aphantsi ukuba barhoxe ngenxa yendima yabo yokuthumela abantwana babanye abazali eIraq. Ndithi "abantwana babanye abazali" kuba andizange ndidibane nabani na omkhulu phakathi kwabo ndisebenza nabo kwiindaba zeTV abanabantwana emkhosini.
Xa kujongwe indlela uthungelwano lukamabonakude olwadanisa ngayo ingoma ye-White House eculwa ngabakwaRoves kunye noFleischers kunye noMcClellans kwiminyaka yokuqala yolawulo lukaW, kufanelekile ukuba kuthathe amazwi omntu owayenexesha elide eBush ukunyanzela ukuba bazihlole eIraq. Amanani emithombo yeendaba aphambili arhoxile iminyaka yokugxekwa okubhalwe kakuhle ngokusilela kwabo kwe-Iraq ngokwenkolo njengoko babebaphepha abagxeki bemfazwe ngo-2003.
Ukuthetha ngenkolo, akuzange kube ziintsuku ezimbini ezidlulileyo apho i-warhorse ye-NBC esele isidla umhlala-phantsi uTom Brokaw wakwazi ukuvuma emoyeni ukuba ukutyhala kukaBush ekuhlaseleni "yayingaphezulu kwezakwalizwi kunayo nayiphi na enye into." Ngomhla wokuqala wemfazwe, yayiyi-ankile uBrokaw owaguqukela kwi-Admiral kwaye wathi, "Enye yezinto esingafuni ukuzenza kukutshabalalisa iziseko ze-Iraq, kuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa siza kuba ngabanini. elo lizwe."
Ebuzwa kule veki malunga nesityholo sokuba amajelo eendaba asasaza ipropaganda yemfazwe, uBrokaw utyhola i-White House kunye "namandla angakholelekiyo okulawula ukuhamba kolwazi nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa ngakumbi ngexesha abalungiselela ukuya emfazweni." Le yikhanadi yakudala: Ezona zixhobo zibi kakhulu zangaphambi kwemfazwe yayingengoorhulumente, kodwa iindawo ezinkulu ezikhethe ukungabandakanyi kunye nokudyobha iingcali eziphikisayo.
UWolf Blitzer, onobuntu bakhe kwi-CNN ngulowo we-carnival barker, wakhusela ukhuselo lwenethiwekhi yakhe: "Ndicinga ukuba besinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokujonga emva, besinokwenza umsebenzi ongcono ngakumbi." I-coverage yayinokuba ngcono ukuba umphathi weendaba we-CNN u-Eason Jordan wayengazange afumane i-Pentagon "isithupha-phezulu" kwiinjengele ezidla umhlala-phantsi. Okanye ukuba uJordan akazange aye emoyeni ukuze agxothe ingcaphephe ye-WMD ephikisayo: "Ukuziphatha okufana nolovane lukaScott Ritter kuye kwabadida abantu abaninziโฆ. Amagosa ase-US akasamniki ukuthembeka okukhulu uScott Ritter."
I-anchor ye-ABC uCharlie Gibson, eyona nto isondeleyo kwi-Fox News anchor kwinethiwekhi enkulu emithathu, wakhubeka kuMcClellan: "Ndicinga ukuba abeendaba benze umsebenzi omhle kakhulu." Uthe "kwakukho ukuthandabuza okuninzi okuphakanyisiweyo" malunga nentetho kaColin Powell ye-UN yangaphambi kwemfazwe. Umgxeki weMedia uGlenn Greenwald ubize ibango likaGibson "enye yeengxelo ezibubuxoki ezake zathethwa kumabonwakude" - kwaye waveza inqaku lakhe esebenzisa uPowell owayengakrokreli uGibson ngelo xesha.
NgoFebruwari 2003, kwakukho ukuthandabuza okukhulu kweendaba malunga nentetho kaPowell ye-UN โฆ phesheya kolwandle. Kodwa iinethiwekhi zeTV zase-US ziye zayirhoxisa indlela yokujonga imfazwe kwiiveki ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezijikeleze loo ntetho izaliswe yimpazamo. I-FAIR ifunde yonke imithombo yekhamera kwi-ABC yasebusuku, i-CBS, i-NBC kunye ne-PBS iindaba zeendaba: Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-1 - i-3 kwimithombo ye-393 - yayichasene nemfazwe. Basisi-6 ekhulwini kuphela ababenokuthandabuza. Oku ngexesha apho i-60 ekhulwini labantu baseMelika kwi-poll bafuna ixesha elingakumbi le-diplomacy kunye nokuhlolwa.
Ndisebenze iiyure ezili-10 ngaphakathi kwindlu yeendaba ye-MSNBC ngeli xesha njengomvelisi ophezulu we-primetime show ka-Phil Donahue (irhoxisiwe kwiiveki ezintathu ngaphambi kwemfazwe ngelixa inkqubo yenethiwekhi ibukelwe kakhulu). Ndithembe: ukuthandabuza kakhulu ngamabango emfazwe yayilityala elohlwaywayo. Mna kunye nabo bonke abanye abavelisi baseDonahue bayalelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabaphathi abaphezulu ukuba babhukishe iipaneli ezithanda icala lokuhlasela. Ndabukela omnye umvelisi ehlafunwa ukuba abhukishe umboniso wama-50-50.
Kwi-MSNBC, ndeva uScott Ritter eqatywa - emoyeni kwaye ephuma - njengomlomo ohlawulwayo kaSaddam Hussein. Emva kokuba sinentandabuzo yemfazwe kunye nowayesakuba liGqwetha leGqwetha Jikelele laseMelika uRamsey Clark kumboniso, safunda ukuba wayekuluhlu oluthile lwenethiwekhi.
Xa i-MSNBC iphelisa i-Donahue, bekulindeleke ukuba indawo yethu itshintshwe ngumboniso wasebusuku ophethwe nguJesse Ventura. Kodwa loo mboniso awuzange uqalise ngokwenene. U-Ventura uthi kungenxa yokuba yena, njengoDonahue, wayechasa ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq; wahlawulwa izigidi ngenxa yokungaveli. Enye inkwenkwezi ye-MSNBC, u-Ashleigh Banfield, wehliswa kwaye emva koko waphulukana nomsebenzi emva kokugxeka iiveki zokuqala zokugubungela imfazwe "yococeko kakhulu". Ngayo yonke into ephazamisayo, ukuzijonga bekuthande ukwanda.
Andingomkhuseli kaScott McClellan. Abanye basenokuthi unegazi ezandleni zakhe โ kwaye akafumananga naluphi na uhlobo lwentlawulelo.
Kodwa, njengomntu osavutha ngumsindo ngenxa yento endiyibonileyo ngaphakathi kweendaba zikamabonwakude ngalo mzuzu ubalulekileyo wembali, ndizama konke okusemandleni am ukonwabela oku kuphuma phakathi kwamasela namaxoki.
UJEFF COHEN NGUMSEKI WOBULUNGISA, KWAYE NOMBHALI WENCWADI ENTSHA, "IINDABA ZIKABHAYIBHILE EZYIMFIHLO: IMIBI YAM KUMASIPALA OSHISHINO.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela